New method of treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by percutaneous injection of boiling saline into the cavum trigeminale in replacement of the former Frazier’s operation. 71 cases with aged of 20-80 in which 69 cases the territories of the 2nd and the 3rd division of the 5th nerve were involved. The technique of the procedure is described in detail. It did not require stereotactic facilities or X-rays control of the position of the needle during its introduction intothe Meckel’s cave through the Foramen Ovale. One or two injections of 2 ml of boiling saline were necessary for an instant relief of pain. The major complications, well accept by the patients were: hypoesthesia of the affected hemiface and motor hemiparalysis of muscles of mastication, but in a lot of patients they were improving or subsided with the passing of time
Trigeminal Neuralgia ; Administration, Cutaneous ; therapeutics ; Sodium Chloride

Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Sodium ; blood ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage

The present study is an attempt to delineate the effect of various salt administrations on the changes of blood pH and electrolytes, especially the nature of serum calcium, total and ionic, and serum magnesium. Thirty five male rabbits weighing 1.9 to 2. 5kg were used in this experiment. At the end of the three days diet adjustment period, the animals were divided into seven groups; Group I; Control, Group II; Ammonium chloride oral administration, Group III; Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate, Group IV; Potassium chloride intraveneous injection, Group V; Sodium chloride intravenous injection, Group VI; Calcium chloride intravenous injection, and Group VII; Magnesium chloride intravenous injection. The blood pH was determined by the method by Astrup and bicarbonate in serum by the method of Van Slyke and Neill. Sodium and potassium in serum were determined with an EEL flame photometer. Chloride was determined by the method of Schales and Schales and inorganic phosphorous by the method of Fiske and Subbarrow. Serum total calcium and magnesium were determined according to the method of chelometric titration with Eriochrome blue S.E. Serum ionic calcium was determined by the method of Yanagisawa. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The oral administration of ammonium chloride produced a significant decrease in blood pH. The serum concentrations of bicarbonate, magnesium and potassium were steadily decreased, but serum chloride, serum total and ionic calcium concentrations were increased through the experiment. 2. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion increased the concentration of bicarbonate, magnesium and serum ionic calcium markedly and serum ionic calcium slightly. The blood pH was significantly increased but serum chloride concentration was markedly reduced after ingestion of sodium bicarbonate However, serum potassium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were decreased slightly. 3. The blood pH was dropped in the first two hours of intravenous injection of potassium chloride and tended to rise again significantly. the concentration of sodium and chloride in serum was increased markedly in two hours of injection but reduced after six hours to control level. Serum phosphorus, total and ionic calcium were reduced steadily, but serum concentration of magnesium, potassium and bicarbonate concentrations were slightly increased through the experiment 4. After sodium chloride was given, intravenously, there was a sustained increase in the concentration of serum sodium, potassium, phosphorus and bicarbonate but the blood pH was decreased in the first two hours and significantly elevated through the experiment. The serum concentration of chloride, magnesium, total and ionic calcium was decreased slightly. 5. B100d pH was slightly increased and the concentration of chloride was elevated sharply after injection of calcium chloride intravenously in the first two hours and come to control level in twenty-four hours. Serum sodium concentration was elevated steadily through the experiment. The concentration of total and ionic calcium in serum was elevated after injection but come to control level in twenty four hours of injection. Serum potassium and magnesium concentrations were decreased slightly in the first two hours and increased in four hours of injection. 6. Magnesium chloride intravenous injection produced a decrease in blood pH and serum concentration of bicarbonate in the first few hours and increase after 6 hours of injection. Serum magnesium, and inorganic phosphorus levels were increased after injection but the concentration of inorganic phosphrous was decreased markedly in twenty four hours of injection. Serum concentration of chloride, ionic calcium and potassium wag markedly reduced.
Administration, Oral ; Ammonium Chloride ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calcium Chloride ; Diet ; Eating ; Eels ; Electrolytes* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Chloride ; Male ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Potassium Chloride ; Rabbits ; Sodium ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Sodium Chloride

China ; epidemiology ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Hypertension ; prevention & control ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the iodine nutritional status and its relation to iodized salt intake in child islanders.

METHODSA comparing study was carried out in 4 townships selected by random sampling from Dinghai (iodized salt) and Daishan(non-iodized salt) of Zhoushan island and total 592 of children were included in the study. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake of two groups. The correlation of urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake were examined by Spearman correlation test. Ordinal regression was used to analyse the dependent variables of urinary iodine concentration.

RESULTSThe urinary iodine concentration of non-iodized salt district was lower than that in iodized salt district (87 microg/L compared with 150 microg/L, u=7.296, P=0.000) ,whereas the amount of daily iodine intake in the two groups was 34.5 microg/d and 62.3 microg/d (u=6.925, P=0.000). The urinary iodine concentration of 58.6 % children in non-iodized salt district was below 100 microg/L. Age and iodized-salt intake were significant factors in the final regression model (P<0.05) with the OR of 1.119 and 3.238, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe daily dietary iodine intake for children in Zhoushan island is insufficient, the iodized salt prophylaxis is necessary.

Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; urine ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo study the factors leading to the variation of children's total goiter rates, urine iodine and salt iodine in West China.

METHODSDesign effect (DEFF) was used to evaluate the variation of indicators.

RESULTSDEFF of children's total goiter rate was about 3.0 in 9 provinces, and the proportion was 75.0%. The DEFF of urine iodine was 1.0 - 3.5 in 6 provinces, and the proportion was 50.0%. The DEFF of intake rate of qualified iodized salt was over 3.0 in 11 provinces. The DEFF of covering rate of iodized salt was about 3.0 in 4 provinces.

CONCLUSIONIn order to provide scientific basis for IDD surveillance in China, other than bias due to methods of no-sampling, sample size should be further calculated in West China. Thus the main influencing factors of indicator variation could be measured with scientific and reasonable basis.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Goiter ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; urine ; Sample Size ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of pressure and duration of carbon dioxide and saline in the neck of rabbits on metabolic, hemodynamic, serum sodium concentrations and hematocrit changes. METHOD: Twenty-one New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the following pressure of CO2 or saline: 0 kPa, 0.67 kPa CO2, 1.33 kPa CO2, 2.00 kPa CO2, 0.67 kPa saline, 1.33 kPa saline, and 2.00 kPa saline. In order to make a space for the endoscopic thyroidectomy, we filled the neck of rabbits with carbon dioxide and saline. Arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2), pH, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), serum sodium concentration and hematocrit were measured at baseline, 45 min and 90 min after filling with gas or saline and 30 min post-filling. RESULT: Insufflation of CO2 at 0.67 kPa did not have any significant effect on the parameters, PaCO2 increased significantly 45 min and 90 min after insufflation of 1.33 kPa CO2 (P < 0.01). Marked changes in PaCO2, pH and CVP occurred 45 min and 90 min after insufflation of 2.00 kPa CO2 (P < 0.01), and the parameters did not return to baseline in 30 min after desufflation (P < 0.05). In animals receiving saline irrigation no significant changes occurred in PaCO2, pH and serum sodium concentrations at any time point. There was a tendency of decrease in HCT, but no statistically significant changes were found (P > 0.05). CVP increased significantly 90 min after saline irrigation at 1.33 kPa (P < 0.05). A significant increase in CVP occurred 45 min and 90 min after saline irrigation at 2.00 kPa (P < 0.05). No significant changes in HR and MAP occurred in all animals. CONCLUSION Filling with saline which does not cause hypercapnia, acidosis or dilutional hyponatremia can be used in endoscopic neck surgery to create and maintain a working space.
Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Endoscopy ; Insufflation ; Rabbits ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Thyroidectomy ; methods

The effects of salinity (50 mmol/L NaCl) and Cd (1 micromol/L CdCl(2)) as sole and combined on growth and photosynthetic parameters were studied using two soybean genotypes, Huachun 18 and NGB. The concentrations of Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+) and Na(+) were also determined in seeds and pods. Huachun 18 suffered a more serious decrease than NGB in net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) in the treatments of salinity stress alone and combined stress (NaCl+Cd), showing that it is relatively sensitive to salinity. The decrease in P(n) caused by salt stress in Huachun 18 was mainly due to the reduced total chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency (the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence, F(v)/F(m)), whereas the decease in NGB was mainly related to reduced stomatal conductance (G(s)). The combined stress of both Na and Cd did not induce further decrease in photosynthesis and fluorescence in the two genotypes relative to salt or Cd stress alone. Greater change in the pod concentrations of Zn(2+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+) and Na(+) was detected under salt stress for Huachun 18 than for NGB. The results suggested that the interactive effect of NaCl-Cd on growth and nutrient uptake differs between the two soybean genotypes.
Cadmium Chloride ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Osmotic Pressure ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Soil ; analysis ; Soybeans ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To preliminarily investigate and optimize the saline flush effects to the image quality (IQ)and effective scan rate of high-pitch CT coronary angiography (CCTA)using ultra-low contrast media (CM)protocols on third-generation dual-source CT (DCST). Methods Sixty-eight consecutive patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD)were recruited and underwent prospective high-pitch CCTA on third-generation DSCT with automatic tube voltage selection (70-80 kV)based ultra-low CM protocols:18 ml(3.0 ml/s) for 70 kV and 21 ml (3.0 ml/s) for 80 kV. All the patients were randomly divided in to two groups:Group A(n=31)with the saline flush of 3.0 ml/s(40 ml) and Group B (n=37)with the saline flush of 4.0 ml/s(40 ml). The baseline data,risk factors,quantitative image quality (IQ),qualitative IQ results,and effective dose (ED)were evaluated and compared. Results There was no significant difference in ED between two groups [(0.36±0.12)mSv vs. (0.37±0.13)mSv;t=-0.40,P=0.70]. The average ED in all patients was (0.43±0.28)mSv. However,the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of right coronary artery distal segment in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B(76.04±62.46 vs. 43.96±26.94;t=2.67,P=0.01) and the CNR of left circumflex artery proximal segment in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B(69.60±43.13 vs. 44.08±24.08;t=2.96,P=0.01). No other significant difference was found in terms of baseline characteristics,and objective image quality (all P>0.05). Subjective IQ showed no significant difference between these two groups (χ=2.53,P=0.47). Conclusion Under high-pitch CCTA using ultra-low CM protocols [18-21 ml (3.0 ml/s)]on third-generation DCST,the saline flush at a flow rate of 3.0 ml/s can achieve satisfactory IQ and effective scan rate.
Computed Tomography Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage

Iodine, an essential component of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland, is widely but unevenly distributed in the earth's environment. Great difference exists in the iodine nutritional status of populations residing in different region. Both iodine deficiency and iodine excess can injure the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency tigers endemic goiter, cretinism, and hyperthyroidism, while iodine excess can result in high iodine goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism; also, iodine deficiency or excess may affect the histological type of thyroid cancer. In 1996, China began to implement the universal salt iodization policy, which has basically eliminated the iodine deficiency disorders nationwide; however, it also caused the changes in the spectra of other thyroid diseases including iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Individualized iodine nutritional status assessment for the populations, particularly those with thyroid diseases, will be beneficial.
China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; deficiency ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; adverse effects ; Thyroid Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology