This study examined the effects of social identity (cognitive, affective, and evaluative social identity) on affective commitment and behavioral intention in premium food markets. Data were collected from customers who had visited the premium food markets within three months prior to the time of the survey. A total of 247 responses were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. The three attributes of social identity (cognitive, affective, and evaluative social identity) had a significant positive effect on the affective commitment, while affective commitment had a positive effect on the behavioral intention in premium food markets. On the other hand, only evaluative social identity had a significant positive effect on the behavioral intention in premium food markets. These results revealed the mediating effect of affective commitment in the relationship between social identity and customers' behavioral intention. This suggests a positive affective commitment as a key factor for customers in premium food markets. The results would be applied to marketing strategies based on the attributes of premium food market customers.
Hand ; Intention ; Marketing ; Negotiating ; Social Identification

BACKGROUND: The balance between self- and social identity on job value of Korean dance artists, considered as performing artists, was measured to investigate the relationship between balance and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Data of 139 dance artists were analyzed for depressive symptoms assessed by their responses to questionnaires from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) translated into Korean. The balance score of each aspect of social identity compared to that of self-identity on job value was measured and classified as lower, equal, or higher. Following a graphical approach, we performed locally weighted scatterplot smoothing algorithm, simple linear regression, and quadric equation regression. RESULTS: The mean of CESD was highest in the higher balance group and lowest in the lower balance group. There was a linear relationship between balance score and CESD regarding specific audience, unspecified audience, and unspecified public. Balance score showed no association with other aspects of social identity. In the balance score range of 1 or higher, it was associated with CESD with respect to artist colleague, unspecified audience, and unspecified public. CONCLUSIONS: Dance artists should maintain a balance between self- and social identity in job value to prevent depressive symptoms.
Dancing ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Social Identification

This study aimed to develop a measure of professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and to analyze the factors and characteristics of professional identity of these dental hygienists. In this study, 890 dental hygienists completed a self-administered survey. The final analysis was conducted with a total of 880 responses, excluding 10 questionnaires with unreliable responses and partial responses. A systematic literature review was conducted to establish the definition of professional identity, while content validity, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, and reliability analysis were conducted to establish the constructive factors. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to identify the level of each factor. Authors conceptualized the professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and item generation, item reduction, and questionnaire formatting. The developed measure of professional identity for dental hygienists consisted of five factors, with 15 items. “Sense of calling,”“need for academic capacity building,”“performance of delegated authority,”“compliance of code of ethics,” and “usage of professional organizations” were the constituent factors. Based on these factors, the level of professional identity was the highest in the “performance of delegated authority” and lowest in the “usage of professional organizations.” These finding indicated that dental hygienists with higher education levels have higher professional identity levels. The dental hygienists working at the general/university hospital had the highest level of professional identity. Thus, further research is needed to establish a model that consists of factors affecting and influencing the professional identity of dental hygienists.
Dental Hygienists* ; Education ; Humans ; Professional Competence ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Social Identification

BACKGROUND: Surveillance of TB drug resistance (DR) is essential for providing information on the magnitude and trends in resistance, for developing treatment guidelines and for monitoring the effect of interventions. Up to now national surveys of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis have been conducted four times since 1994 among patients registered at health centers. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of primary drug resistance among new cases identified in private sector, and to compare it with the previous national drug resistance surveys. METHODS: The study collected results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) performed at the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis by the request of private sector from January 2003 to December 2005, and then finally selected new cases for the analysis from the database of Korean TB Surveillance (KTBS) by matching patients' name and social identification numbers. RESULTS: Of the 5,132 new patients included in the study, 689 (13.4%) patients were found to have drug resistance at least one drug, 530 patients (10.3%) were isoniazid resistant, 195 patients (3.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and 21 patients (0.4%) were extensively drug resistant (XDR). The rate of drug resistance tended to decrease annually but it was not statistically significant. When compared with previous national DR surveys in 2003 and in 2004 respectively, they were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DR among new cases managed in the private sector did not show significant difference from that of new patients registered in the public sector in the same year.
Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Prevalence ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Social Identification ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to contribute to enhancing elementary school health teachers professional job performance by analyzing their job identity and job stress. METHODS: The participants were 138 elementary school health teachers registered at the Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education, and the survey was conducted from the 22nd to 23rd of July, 2010. The collected data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: The average percentiles of job identity and job stress were 70.6 and 64.0 respectively. Among the sub-factors of job identity, autonomy was highest as 73.5, and among the sub-factors of job stress, job demand was highest as 73.9. There were significant differences in the degree of job identity and job stress according to education status, the number of classes, job satisfaction, enthusiasm for work, and the image of nursing teachers expressed in a word. The regression model explained 21.2% of the variance of job identity. job stress explained 32.0% of the variance. CONCLUSION: It is important to develop various comprehensive programs for improving job identity and managing job stress. In addition, it is necessary to provide support systems including persons, promotion and rewards to school health teachers.
Busan ; Education ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Reward ; School Health Services* ; Social Identification ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVES: Many psychiatrists ignore the behavioral and attitudinal aspects of religious beliefs of patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, how the Christian belief affects the treatment of schizophrenia was investigated. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 13 schizophrenic outpatients with protestant belief having partial or full insight. GAF score of each of the patients was above 41. RESULTS: A. Positive effects; 1) Taking the patient's belief seriously without prejudice was helpful to therapeutic relation. 2) Faith fulfilled it's function of silencing the anxiety of the patients. 3) The factors which make schizophrenic patients develop self-identity and self-concept in their religious lives were as follows; social identity as a Christian, religious identity as a child of God, experiences of safe dyadic relationship with God, feelings of being always accepted by God, and experiences of being accepted safely by the church. 4) Faith experiences and spiritual enlightenment itself had a therapeutic impact on the patients as a guiding principle of their lives and blueprints for their actions. 5) Experiences of a safe dyadic relationship with God, feelings of being accepted by God, faith experiences, and spiritual enlightenment provided peculiar religious experiences which can not be found in everyday life. And these peculiar religious experiences seemed to have healing power. B. Negative effects; 1) The clergymen and the members of the church put the patients and their families into the confusion by compelling or recommending religious treatment methods like prayer retreats. 2) They interfered with patients getting insights by interpreting their symptoms religiously. 3) There was a risk of cognitive defect of grasping faith literally. 4) There was a tendency to direct punishment and blame inwards, on to the self with guilty feelings. CONCLUSIONS: Christian belief exerted many influences both good and bad, on the treatment of the schizophrenic outpatients. We suggest that psychiatrists should consider the influence of the patient's faith upon the treatment.
Anxiety ; Child ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Prejudice ; Protestantism ; Psychiatry ; Punishment ; Religion ; Schizophrenia ; Social Identification

Burnout, Professional ; psychology ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Midwifery ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Social Identification

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among occupational identity, social support, posttraumatic growth, and health-related quality of life regarding firefighters.METHODS: The study was conducted with 149 firefighters working at two fire stations in South Gyeongsang Province. Data were collected between August and September 2018. There were four research instruments in the structured survey, including the occupational identity scale, social support scale, Korea Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument.RESULTS: As a result, the quality of life of firefighters was positively correlated with social support, occupational identity, and posttraumatic growth. The factors associated with the quality of life of firefighters were social support (β=.36, p < .001), and occupational identity (β=.31, p < .001). The total explanatory power of these variables was 53.1%.CONCLUSION: To improve the health-related quality of life of firefighters based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop support programs to strengthen social support and occupational identity.
Firefighters ; Fires ; Humans ; Korea ; Occupations ; Quality of Life ; Social Identification ; World Health Organization

Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Physician's Role ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Singapore ; Social Identification ; Social Responsibility ; Trust

The Bacillus cereus group includes B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. mycoides, B. weihenstephanensis, B. pseudomycoides. The members of B. cereus group shares strong degree of DNA sequence similarity. Even though the biochemical test and bacteriological test have been used to identify the B. cereus group, an accurate identification system of the B. cereus group is required. We have developed a highly specific PCR-based assay for the B. cereus group chromosome using a sequence motif found within a spore structural gene (sspE). Using the assay, we were able to discriminate B. anthracis from the other members of B. cereus group. We also tried to find a new system for the B. cereus group identification. Five bacteriological tests (hemolysis, motility, penicillin susceptibility, rhizoid growth, toxic crystal formation), API system (API 50CHB & API 20E), MLST and sspE PCR were performed on 28 strains of the B. cereus group. The dendrogram generated from API system and bacteriological tests revealed that B. cereus and B. thuringiensis are grouped into the same cluster. In combination of sspE PCR and bacteriological tests, the dendrogram showed that 4 strains of B. cereus clustered within the same group. B. thuringiensis formed the subgroup in the same cluster. All strains of B. mycoides were encompassed together. Another cluster only included B. anthracis. The best system was determined to be sspE PCR and bacteriological tests. It is concluded that sspE PCR and bacteriological tests could be used for rapid discrimination and identification of B. anthracis and provided an effective means of differentiation between the B. cereus group.
Bacillus ; Bacillus cereus ; Base Sequence ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Penicillins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Social Identification ; Spores ; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis