No abstract available.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

No Abstract Available.
Adenoviridae* ; Coinfection* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human* ; Humans ; Synovial Fluid* ; Synovitis*

Astrovirus is frequently associated with diarrhea in children. It can not be readily isolated by cell culture, and an electronmicroscope is usually used for detection of this agent. Recently in 1995 a combined method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was designed for easier detection of astrovirus, which is based on the conserved sequence in 3'-end of genomes of the 7 known serotypes of human astrovirus. As of yet there has not been any report of astrovirus data in Korea using the RT-PCR methods. The purpose of this study was to detect astrovirus incidence, severity of symptoms, seasonal variation and coinfection rate with rotavirus in Korean children inpatients with diarrhea. Fecal specimens from 61 young children hospitalized with gasteroenteritis Korea from Jan. 1996 through Mar. 1997. They were examined for astroviurs infection by RT-PCR method. Results are as follows: 1. Astrovirus was detected at 9.8% (6/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by EIA using monoclonal antibody coated plates. 2. Astorvirus was detected at 29.5% (18/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by RT-PCR. 3. The age of the 18 children affected by astrovirus ranged from 2 monthes to 7 years with mean of 3.0 years. 4. Mean hospital stay of the 1S children was 6.1 days. 5. Five (27.8%) astrovirus RT-PCR positive strains were confirmed in November and in December, respectively out of 18 specimens in total. 6. Astrovirus coinfection with rotavirus type G1 was confirmed in 15/16 specimens (93.8%), and with type G2 was in 1/16 specimens (6.3%).
Cell Culture Techniques ; Child* ; Coinfection ; Conserved Sequence ; Diarrhea ; Feces* ; Genome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mamastrovirus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Reverse Transcription* ; Rotavirus ; Seasons

Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the peripheral blood and have long been recognized as the major phagocytes in acute infection by destroying extracellular pathogens. Although research on neutrophils hampered by intractability in the experiments, the newly discovered effector functions of neutrophils includes granular proteins, and cytokines, extracellular traps. With all effector mechanism neutrophils play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
Autoimmunity ; Cytokines ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Neutrophils ; Phagocytes ; Proteins

No Abstract Available.
Adult* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Encephalitis* ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

Angiostatin is derived from enzymatic degradation of plasminogen and it has endogenous anti-angiogenic properties. Although tumor cells, macrophages, platelets, and neutrophils generate high amount of angiostatin, its expression is increased in inflammatory conditions. Moreover, angiostatin binds to integrin alpha(v)beta(3), ATP synthase, and angiomotin, which expressed on neutrophils. Activated neutrophils are essential to innate immune response, but also cause tissue damage through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase lifespan. In this article, it suggests several mechanism of angiostatin as immune regulator for neutrophils in inflammatory conditions; complex with integrin alpha(v)beta(3) and F(1)F(0) ATP synthase on lipid raft, attenuate polarization, and ROS production. These data provide possible exploit of double-edged role of neutrophils in acute inflammatory pathologies to preserve beneficial effect and minimize tissue damage.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Angiostatins* ; Apoptosis ; Immunity, Innate ; Integrin alphaVbeta3 ; Macrophages ; Neutrophil Activation* ; Neutrophils* ; Pathology ; Plasminogen ; Reactive Oxygen Species

Human rotavirus has now been established as the leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. At least fourteen serotypes of group A rotavirus have been identified on the basis of antibody responses to major neutralizing glycoprotein, VP7 (G type for glycoprotein), present in the outer capsid of the virus. Serotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 are the most highly prevalent in human. In Korea, rotavirus is also the principal cause of severe nonbacterial diarrhea requiring hospitalization in infants and young children, which is commonly detected by EIA method. The epidemiology of rotavirus infection has been monitored by only serologic methods without electropherotyping in Korea. This study shows seasonal and age related variations .of rotavirus infection in Korea according to the genotype using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fecal specimens were obtained from 39 children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea and gastroenteritis in Ewha Womans University MokDong Hospital in Seoul from Jan. to Dec. of 1996. All four (1, 2, 3, 4) major G serotypes were identified by amplification of segment of the gene for VP7 using RT-PCR. Rotavirus Gl 749 bp, G2 653 bp, G3 374 bp and G4 583bp were shown on 2.9 or 3.3% NuSieve agar gel. Results were as follows: 1) Rotavirus was detected at 53.8% (21/39) by EIA and 89.7% (35/39) by RT-PCR. 2) Serotype Gl, G2, G3, G4 when detected by RT-PCR accounted for 80.0% (28/35), 14.3% (5/35), 2.9% (1/35) and 2.9% (1/35), respectively. 3) Thirty five strains of rotavirus were detected at the frequency of 17.1% (6/35) in Oct., 20.0% (7/35) in Nov. and 20.0% (7/35) in Dec. 4) As for the age range, children affected by rotavirus were mostly under 1 years.
Agar ; Antibody Formation ; Capsid ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Diarrhea* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Genotype* ; Glycoproteins ; Hospitalization ; Humans* ; Infant ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Reverse Transcription* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus* ; Seasons ; Seoul

Obesity that caused by high-fat diet, heredity, drinking, or lack of exercise is related to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and it becomes a serious social problem. Although obesity shows low-grade chronic inflammation which induces from immune response in adipose tissue, relation between inflammation and pathogenesis of obesity has not been incompletely understood. Therefore, study for immune response in obesity is essential to design effective therapeutic strategy.
Adipose Tissue ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drinking ; Heredity ; Inflammation* ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity* ; Social Problems

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor is rare but one of the common congenital testicular neoplasms. Although histological features are typical of its ovarian counterpart, testicular juvenile granulosa cell tumor has a distinctly different clinical presentation. We report a case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor arising in the cryptochid testis of a 4-day-old newborn. A 6 5 5 cm sized multilocular cyst containing thick, mucinous fluid was found in the peritoneal cavity. The external surface of the cyst was smooth and the septae were relatively thin. The cyst consisted of numerous mucin-filled, cystic follicles lined by cells having vacuolated cytoplasm and round to oval dark nuclei without grooves. Cells resembling granulosa cells of an ovarian follicle were also observed in the intervening stroma forming irregular solid nests.
Cryptorchidism* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mucins ; Ovarian Follicle ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis

There are reports that the second most causative viral agent which causes lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in young children is adenovirus (ADV). Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) is also reported as a rare agent of LRTI in young children. But there is no report of simultaneous detection of ADV and HHV-6 in LRTI using the same peripheral blood monocyte (PBM) by nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR. Firstly, we detected ADV antigen (Ag) and HHV-6 Ag in serum by each monoclonal antibody with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Secondly we tested two viruses in peripheral blood monocyte by nested-PCR or PCR. Twenty nine cases of young hospitalized children with LRTI (mean age 11.3 months, mean hospitalization period 5.7 days) had bronchiolitis or viral pneumonia and were confirmed by X-ray findings. Positivity of ADV Ag in serum by EIA was 75% (21/28) and positivity of HHV-6 Ag in serum by EIA was 10.7% (3/28). ADV in PBM by nested-PCR positivity was 89.7% (26/29) and HHV-6 in PBM by PCR positivity was 42.9% (12/28). ADV and HHV-6 dual infection in PBM by PCR was 11/29 (37.9%). Young children with dual infection were hospitalized (mean 6.3 days) with severe bronchiolitis.
Adenoviridae* ; Bronchiolitis ; Child* ; Child, Hospitalized ; Herpesvirus 6, Human ; Hospitalization ; Humans* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Monocytes* ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections*