This descriptive study was conducted between October 1, and December 31, 1998 in order to provide basic data for understanding the emotional states of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their compliance with a medical regimen. Data was collected by using questionnaires administered to 100 lupus inpatients and outpatients at the Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. Frequencies, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to the data using the SAS program. The results of study are summarized below. The mean compliance score was 91.21. The highest compliance score was found in "risk factor management", followed by "taking medicine", "follow-up care", "daily life management", "stress management", "diet", "activity and rest" in that sequence. The mean depression score was 43.58. 24% for subjects who showed more than mild depression. The compliance score of depressed subjects was significantly lower than that of the subjects without depression. The mean score of anxiety was 44.01. 36% for subjects who had scores lower than 40 points, 37% for those between 41-50 points, and 27% for those with more than 51 points. As for compliance scores according to anxiety levels, the compliance scores for those with anxiety scores of below 40 significantly higher than that of those of the above 51 group. There was a negative correlation between compliance and depression and between compliance and anxiety. In addition, a strong positive relationship was found between depression and anxiety. The major variable affecting compliance was anxiety, accounting for 13.6%. We concluded that when we care for the patients with lupus, we have to consider the outcomes of this study because emotional status affects the lupus patients' compliance. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions in order to alleviate the lupus patient's depression and anxiety.
Anxiety ; Compliance* ; Depression ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was conducted between October 1, 1998, and December 31, 1998, in order to provide basic data to develop better self-management educational programs for systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) patients. In the study, the extent of each patients knowledge on the disease and their learning needs about it were examined for 100 lupus inpatients and outpatients at the Kangnam St. Marys Hospital. Data were collected by using questionnaires to those patients. Frequencies, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncans multiple range test were examined through the SAS program. The result of study follows: 1) The average score of patients knowledge on the disease was 15.7 (range, 7-20; standard deviation, 2.74). Subjects scored higher as far as the extent of their knowledge in the following categories : management of daily life, diet, characteristics of the disease, risk factors, and medication. Two categories shared the highest percentage of correct answers: 99% of subjects correctly identified that fatigue and stress aggravate symptoms of lupus and symptoms of lupus vary among individuals in range and type. However, when subjects were asked if patients should get a regular examination by an ophthalmologist every 4-6 months while they are on medication to treat rashes, lupus can be completely cured, and contraceptives that include a female hormone (estrogen) are good as contraceptive methods, the percentages of correct answers were low (32%, 31%, and 20%, respectively). In terms of subjects knowledge about the disease by their general characteristics, single subjects had more knowledge about the disease than married subjects did (t=2.14, p=0.0353). The extent of knowledge also varied by monthly income (F=4.96, p=0.0097). Those with more formal education had more knowledge about lupus than those who had less formation education did (t=2.95, 0.0039). Additionally, those who were satisfied with their education about the disease had better knowledge about it than those who were dissatisfied with their education did (t=2.71, p=0.0090). 2) The extent to which lupus patients wanted to be educated about the disease was, on average, 64.5 (range, 46-75; standard deviation, 7.91). Areas for which patients requested education are listed here in order : risk factors, sexual lives and patients associations. Patients who had been hospitalized demonstrated wanting more education than those who had not been did (t=3.73, p=0.0003). The extent to which they wanted the information was different by the number of educational sessions they had (F=3.98, p=0.0249). In conclusion, the results above would be considered when the education programme is planned for SLE patients.
Contraception ; Contraceptive Agents ; Diet ; Education ; Exanthema ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Learning* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Self Care

OBJECTIVES: The most common chromosomal abnormality contributing to recurrent abortion is the balanced chromosomal translocation. However the exact incidence of fetal losses are still unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and outcome of pregnancy in recurrent miscarriage couples with balanced translocation. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients with balanced chromosomal translocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytogenetic analysis was performed in 56 couples with history of recurrent abortions from 1995 to 1999. The use of high resolution banding technique and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in the chromosomal analysis has made the precise evaluation of chromosome aberrations. RESULTS: Among 56 couples, 42 patients had reciprocal translocation and 14 had Robertsonian translocation. Chromosomal aberrations were more frequent in women (36 cases) than in men (20 cases). Prenatal cytogenetic analyses were carried out in 14 subsequent pregnancies for carrier couples with balanced translocation. The fetal karyotypes showed that 5 cases (35.7%) was normal, 8 (57.1%) were balanced translocation, and 1 (7.1%) was unbalanced translocations. And cytogenetic analyses were done on 15 subsequent chorionic villi samples of abortuses for carrier couples with balanced translocations. Fourteen of fifteen abortuses (93.3%) were abnormal karyotype. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of chromosomal imbalance in the fetuses was relatively low in prenatal cytogenetic analysis, individuals with balanced translocations are predisposed to giving birth to malformed offsprings with chromosomal imbalance (partial trisomy or monosomy). Therefore we recommend preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for recurrent abortions with balanced translocation and preventing the birth of offspring with chromosomal abnormalities.
Abnormal Karyotype ; Abortion, Habitual* ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Chorionic Villi ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Incidence* ; Karyotype ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic ; Trisomy

Objective of this study was to compare the color stability, mechanical and chemical properties of three different types of temporary crown resins. Commercially available powder-liquid (Group PL), light-cured (Group LC) and auto-mix syringe (Group AM) types' temporary crown resins were used as experimental groups for each of the evaluation. All the test groups were evaluated after 1 day and 7 days of immersion in various staining solutions. The colors of all groups before and after storage in the staining solutions were measured by a spectrophotometer based on CIE Lab system, and the color differences (ΔE(*)) thereby calculated. Micro hardness test was performed before water storage and aging after 7 days at 37 ℃. In addition, flexural strength, water sorption and solubility tests were performed according to international standard, ISO 10477. All experimental groups showed significant color change in staining solutions when compared to those stored in the control solution (distilled water) (p<0.05). Group PL showed the least color change among the three groups followed by Group AM (p<0.05). This tendency was observed after 7 days of immersion. In terms of the micro hardness test, Group PL showed the highest value among the three groups followed by Group AM (p<0.05). Additionally, the flexural strength decreased in the following order: AM > PL > LC (p<0.05). Water sorption and solubility increased in the following order: AM < PL < LC (p<0.05). The results of this study would provide useful information when choosing temporary crown resin types in various clinical situations.
Aging ; Crowns ; Hardness Tests ; Immersion ; Solubility ; Syringes ; Water

The purpose of this study is to compare the educational needs and perception of mothers of normal neonates and high risk infants. This research was designed as a descriptive study. Data were collected for two months from April 2002 to March 2002. Subjects were 41 mothers of high risk infants and 60 mothers of normal neonates in one general hospital in Seoul participated in the study. Measurement tools used in this study were the educational needs scale developed by Cho Kyoul Ja et al and the neonatal perceptive inventories scale developed by Broussard. They ask mothers to rate each item on a four point Likert type scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 8.0 program. The variables were listed as frequency, mean, standard deviation, X2 test, t-test, ANOVA. The results were as follows: The educational needs of the mothers of primi pregnancy was higher than the mothers of multi pregnancy. The educational needs on management of diseases such as prevention of infection, symptoms of disease, mental development, attachment promotion, congenital metabolism test, management of convulsion, care of vomiting and fever were higher than general care of infants such as immunization, measurement of temperature, hiccough care, follow up care. The informations must be included in nursing intervention program to reduce the mothers' stress level. In conclusion, in order to promote positive mother infant relationship, nurse need to give information and educate the mothers of high risk infant and normal neonate.
Equipment and Supplies ; Fever ; Hiccup ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Metabolism ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Pregnancy ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Vomiting ; Child Health

PURPOSE: To analyze the improvement of symptoms and signs of dry eye after surgical punctual occlusion and to evaluate the effects of secondary systemic disease in dry eye patients. METHODS: From March 2011 to July 2014, 15 eyes of 8 dry eye patients with a history of punctal plug insertion underwent surgical punctal occlusion. Schirmer test was measured based on mean 2.9 mm. The patients consisted of 4 dry eye patients with Sjogren's disease, 1 with rheumatoid arthritis, 1 with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and 2 with no secondary systemic disease. Preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examinations of log MAR visual acuity, subjective symptoms, corneal staining (National Eye Institute [NEI] score), and tear break-up time (BUT) were performed and the effects of secondary systemic disease in dry eye patients were evaluated. The results of surgical punctual occlusion were analyzed. RESULTS: All patients showed a statistically significant improvement of log MAR visual acuity, subjective symptoms, corneal staining (NEI score), and tear BUT. The patients with rheumatoid-related diseases showed improved symptoms after surgery, but the patient with GVHD showed no significant improvement after surgery. Among the study patients, 80.0% showed completely closed punctum and 20.0% showed partial recanalization. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical punctal occlusion is an effective alternative in patients with severe aqueous deficient dry eye who show recurrent punctal plug loss or complications associated with punctal plugs.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Tears ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The microRNA-221/222 (miR-221/222) gene cluster has been reported to be associated with the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), downregulation of estrogen receptor-α, and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. We studied the expression of miR-222 in human breast cancer samples to analyze its relationship with clinicopathologic features of the tumor, including estrogen receptor status, expression of EMT markers, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of miR-222 in 197 invasive breast cancers. Expression of EMT markers (vimentin, smooth muscle actin, osteonectin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: High miR-222 levels were associated with high T stage, high histologic grade, high Ki-67 proliferation index, and HER2 gene amplification. Its expression was significantly higher in the luminal B and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) subtypes than in the luminal A and triple-negative subtypes. In the hormone receptor-positive subgroup, there was a significant negative correlation between miR-222 and estrogen receptor expression, and miR-222 expression was associated with EMT marker expression. In the group as a whole, high miR-222 expression was not associated with clinical outcome. However, subgroup analyses by hormone receptor status revealed that high miR-222 expression was a poor prognostic factor in the hormone receptor-positive subgroup, but not in the hormone receptor-negative subgroup. CONCLUSION: This study showed that miR-222 is associated with down-regulation of the estrogen receptor, EMT, and tumor progression in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, indicating that miR-222 might be associated with endocrine therapy resistance and poor clinical outcome in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Actins ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cadherins ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Estrogens ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Multigene Family ; Muscle, Smooth ; Osteonectin ; Phenobarbital ; Prognosis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Tamoxifen

A gastric intramural hematoma is very rare and commonly associated with trauma, anticoagulation therapy, coagulopathy, pancreatic disease, aneurysm and peptic ulcer disease. This is a case of gastric intramural hematoma which occurred in a patient taking aspirin after hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection for bleeding from a biopsy site. We describe a case of gastric intramural hematoma that was successfully managed with conservative therapy.
Aneurysm ; Aspirin ; Biopsy ; Epinephrine ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis* ; Humans ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Peptic Ulcer ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between Ni-Cr alloy and composite resin using universal adhesive systems coMPared to conventional method using metal primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, a total of 120 cast commercial Ni-Cr alloy (Vera Bond 2V) disks were embedded in acrylic resin, and their surfaces were smoothed with silicon carbide papers and airborne-particle abrasion. Specimens of each metal were divided into 6 groups based on the combination of metal primers (Metal primer II, Alloy primer, Metal & Zirconia primer, MKZ primer) and universal adhesive systems (Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37degrees C for 24 hours. Shear bond strength testing was performed with a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 1 m/min. Data (MPa) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences between Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal, Metal Primer II and Alloy Primer, MKZ Primer, Metal & Zirconia Primer (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Universal Adhesive system groups indicated high shear bond strength value bonded to Ni-Cr alloy than that of conventional system groups using primers except Metal Primer II. Within the limitations of this study, improvement of universal adhesive systems which can be applied to all types of restorations is recommended especially non-precious metal alloy. More research is needed to evaluate the effect of silane inclusion or exclusion in universal adhesive systems.
Adhesives ; Alloys* ; Head ; Water

No abstract available.
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy* ; Reflex*