No abstract available.
Female ; Mammaplasty*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Epidural morphine has side effects, especially pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. Butorphanol has been added in studies to reduce these side effects in post cesarean patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the side effects and analgesic efficacy when a combination of epidural morphine and butorphanol was administered in patients having combined local anesthetic and opioid epidural infusion. METHODS: Sixty patients having epidural anesthesia for cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups. Group M (n=30) received a bolus of 0.25% bupivacaine 4 ml, morphine 2 mg, and saline 0.75 ml, whereas group B (n=30) received a bolus of 0.25% bupivacaine 4 ml, morphine 2 mg, and butorphanol 1.5 mg (0.75 ml). Continuous epidural infusion was done by Two-day Infusor containing either 0.25% bupivacaine 75 ml, morphine 5 mg, and saline 20 ml in group M or 0.25% bupivacaine 75 ml, morphine 5 mg, butorphanol 4 mg (2 ml), and saline 18 ml in group B. We compared the side effect and analgesic effect of group M to those of group B for 2 days. RESULTS: The incidence of pruritus and vomiting were reduced significantly in group B (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between both groups in the incidence of nausea or other side effects as well as no differences in analgesic effect. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the addition of butorphanol to morphine in combined local anesthetic and opioid epidural infusion for postoperative analgesia decreases the occurrence of pruritus and vomiting without significant increase of other side effects and adverse effect on analgesia.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Bupivacaine ; Butorphanol* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pregnancy ; Pruritus ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis*

Recent studies(Rorke et al., 1968: Moir 1970: Baraka, 1970: Fox and Houle, 1971) have demonstrated that the maternal arterial oxygen tension during Cesarean section is an important determinant of fetal oxygenation and consequently of the clinical condition of the infant at birth for oxygen is transferred by simple diffusion across the placenta to the fetus. Fetal blood oxygen tension is affected by the arteiral oxygen tension and concentration of the mother, and also is affected by uterine blood flow(Fox and Houle, 1971). The enlarged uterus pushes the diaphragm upwards. This results in a change in position of the heart which is lifted upwards, shifted to the left and anteriorly, and a change in the thoracic cage, and heart rate is increased about 10~12 beats above normal. There is a significant increase in cardiac output which reaches a peak 30~50% above normal until term, and in respiratory rate, so that it follows that oxygen consumption increases but its direct cause is the metabolic need of the uterus, placenta and fetus(Atkinson et al., 1977). As well as increased oxygen consumption in parturients hypoxia may occur in situations of difficult intubation, laryngoscopy for intubation, extubation and during endotracheal suctioning. Because of the markedly decreased oxygen tension, these procedures are more dangerous than for non-parturients. Therefore sufficient oxygenation is recommanded(Archer and Marx, 1974). We selected at random 78 adult female patients who had received Cesarean section and other surgical procedures under general anesthesia with intubation at Severance Hospital from September to November, 1980. They were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was ventilated with 100% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 2 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 3 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea with endotracheal suction. We analysed the decrease in oxygen tension between parturients and onoparturients. The results were as follows: 1) During apnes, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater (p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 100% oxygen group. 2) During apnea, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater(p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 50% oxygen group. 3) During apnea, the decreases in oxygen tension were significantly greater(p<0.05) in paturients than in non-paturients in the 50% oxygen and endotracheal suction group. These results indicate the importance of preoxygenation prior to endotracheal intubation and endotracheal suction and also of prompt reoxygenation following endotracheal intubation, extubation and endotracheal suction.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Apnea* ; Cardiac Output ; Cesarean Section ; Diaphragm ; Diffusion ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetus ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Mothers ; Oxygen Consumption ; Oxygen* ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Rate ; Suction ; Uterus

This study was done to see the changes in the serum transaminase and LDH levels after general anesthesia in open heart surgery. We selected at random 60 patients who had received open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass with mild to moderated hypothermia. They were divided into 3 groups depending on the anesthetic agents, halothane, penthrane and morphine group. Serum transaminase and LDH levels were checked before operation and also about 24 hours after operation; SGOP; spectrophotometirc assay by end-point method with Sequential Multiple Autoanalyser(SMA), SGPT; Spectrophotometric assay by kinetic method with SMA, LDH; Spectrophotometric assay by kinetic method. The results were as follows: 1) Serum transaminase and LDH levels were not significantly influenced by anesthetic agents after open heart surgery. 2) Serum transaminase and LDH levels were not significantly influenced by anesthetic agents in congental heart disease. 3) Serum transaminase and LDH levels were not significantly influenced by anesthetic agents in acquired heart disease.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Halothane ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Methoxyflurane ; Morphine ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Breast Implants* ; Breast* ; Contracture* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* ; Splenectomy*

PURPOSE: To report one case of Parinaud syndrome after intracranial hemorrhage. CASE SUMMARY: A 45-year-old man visited our emergency department complaining of right-sided weakness and right-sided hypoesthesia. Intracranial hemorrhage in the left thalamus and intraventricular hemorrhage were noted upon brain computed tomography, and the patient was admitted to the department of neurosurgery. He complained of diplopia and upgaze palsy, and he was referred to the department of ophthalmology. The patient exhibited convergence-retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociation and vertical gaze limitation within 15 degrees. The best-corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 20/20, but convergence-retraction nystagmus and light-near dissociation still remained. Upgaze palsy was also not improved. CONCLUSIONS: Once symptoms manifest, Parinaud syndrome does not resolve except in patients with hydrocephalus. If the findings persist for more than 6 months, the likelihood of complete resolution is very small. We reported a case of typical Parinaud syndrome with upgaze palsy, convergence-retraction nystagmus and light-near dissociation after thalamic and intraventricular hemorrhage.
Brain ; Diplopia ; Dissociative Disorders ; Emergencies ; Eye ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypesthesia ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgery ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Ophthalmology ; Paralysis ; Thalamus ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to study whether the Doppler ultrasound differentiate obstructive hydronephrosis from nonobstructive hydronephrosis in sonographically diagnosed hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 35 kidneys of 27 patients with hydronephrosis which were diagnosed with sonography. Resistive indices were calculated from Doppler waveforms at the level of interlobar or arcuate arteries. We divided the materials into two groups with obstructive and nonobstructive hydronephrosis according to the findings of intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, and anterograde pyelography. These were compared with normal control group(20 kidneys in 10 persons). We also grouped patients regarding to the duration after onset of clinical symptom, and graded the hydronephrosis into three group according to sonographic findings. We analyzed the correlations of the above sonography and clinical findings with resistive index. Hydronephrosis was obstructive in 20 kidneys(in 17 patients) and nonobstructive in 15 kidneys(in 10 patients). RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference between the mean resistive indices in obstructive hydronephrosis(0.74 +/- 0.02) and that in nonobstructive hydronephrosis (0.60 +/- 0.02)(p<0.05). Also there was no difference between the mean resistive indeces in nonobstructive hydronephrosis and that in normal control group(0.59 +/- 0.07)(P > or = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of Doppler sonography can be helpful in detecting the presence or absence of true obstruction in patients with hydronephrosis.
Arteries ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Ultrasonography ; Urography