No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Phagocytosis*

PURPOSE: There is an unmet need for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), leading to variation in management strategies. To investigate distinct features and treatment modalities according to physicians' specialties, we collected data on the current treatment approach to moderate-to-severe AD among allergists, pediatric allergists and dermatologists in Korea. METHODS: This questionnaire-based study was administered to physicians from the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology (KAAACI), Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD), and Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association (KADA). RESULTS: A total of 93 physicians participated in the study; 64.5% were pediatric allergists and 31.2% were dermatologists. The major patient age groups were “less than 5 years” for 100% of pediatric allergists and “6–12 years old” for 38% of dermatologists. The proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe AD was higher for dermatologists and allergists compared to pediatric allergists. Physicians agreed on the necessity of education including demonstration of basic skin care and application of topical therapies (88.2%), nutritional consultation (83.9%) and psychological counseling (75.3%). However, less than half were able to educate and counsel their patients in real practice. There were noticeable differences in first-line treatment among physician groups. For pediatric allergists, the order of preferred systemic treatment was wet wrap therapy, systemic corticosteroids and oral cyclosporin. Dermatologists ranked cyclosporin, phototherapy, and systemic corticosteroids as first-line treatment regimens. Major reported barriers to proper management were steroid phobia, unproven complementary and alternative medicine, lack of education, and the unreasonable insurance system. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest there are distinct differences in moderate-to-severe AD treatment according to physicians' specialties. Medical policy changes along with governmental supports are required in order to implement the ideal approach in real practice. For moderate-to-severe AD, a consensus on the approach to optimal management should be reached for the best outcomes, based on further randomized controlled trials.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Allergy and Immunology ; Asthma ; Complementary Therapies ; Consensus ; Counseling ; Cyclosporine ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Education ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Insurance ; Korea* ; Phobic Disorders ; Phototherapy ; Skin Care

BACKGROUND: Although arthroscopic shoulder surgery is less invasive and painful than open shoulder surgery, it can often cause intra-operative hemodynamic instability and severe post-operative pain. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the interscalene brachial plexus block (IBPB) on intra-operative hemodynamic changes and post-operative pain during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, 50 consecutive patients that had undergone arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of two groups to evaluate intra-operative hemodynamic changes and post-operative pain control. Group 1 patients received an IBPB with 10 ml of normal saline guided by a nerve stimulator before induction, and Group 2 patients received 10 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine hydrochloride with the same technique. The heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded before the incision and 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 minutes after the incision. Pre-operative and post-operative pain was evaluated with a visual analog scale 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. The patients were given tramadol as a rescue medication option. The total volume of tramadol that was injected was also evaluated over the same intervals. RESULTS: Group 2 showed significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rates intra-operatively compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). The visual analog scale pain scores, except at 24 hours after surgery, were significantly lower in Group 2 (P < 0.05). The total tramadol consumption significantly reduced in Group 2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IBPB effectively controlled the hemodynamic changes that occurred during arthroscopic shoulder surgery as well as post-operative pain.
Amides ; Anesthesia, General ; Arthroscopy ; Brachial Plexus ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Nerve Block ; Pain, Postoperative ; Shoulder ; Tramadol

Purpose: Drain insertion after proctectomy is common in clinical practice, although the effectiveness of drains has been questioned. However, drains are commonly displaced after surgery. We hypothesized that drain displacement is associated with clinical outcomes and aimed to assess differences in clinical outcomes, such as overall morbidity, including anastomotic leakage (AL), reintervention rates, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates, between patients who experienced displaced drains and those who did not. Methods: Rectal cancer patients who underwent proctectomy at a single institution between January 2015 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients who experienced displaced drains and those who did not. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of reintervention in patients with AL. The secondary endpoints were overall morbidity rates, AL rates, length of hospital stay, and mortality within 30 days. Results: Among 248 patients who underwent proctectomy, 93 (37.5%) experienced displaced drains. A higher proportion of patients who experienced displaced drains required reintervention due to AL than those who did not experience displaced drains (odds ratio, 3.61; 95% confidential interval, 1.20–10.93; p = 0.016). However, no significant difference was found in the overall morbidity rate, mortality, and length of hospital stay between the groups. Conclusion Drain displacement does not worsen outcomes such as overall morbidity rate, mortality, and length of hospital stay after proctectomy but is associated with an increase in the need for reintervention in patients with AL.

Purpose: Drain insertion after proctectomy is common in clinical practice, although the effectiveness of drains has been questioned. However, drains are commonly displaced after surgery. We hypothesized that drain displacement is associated with clinical outcomes and aimed to assess differences in clinical outcomes, such as overall morbidity, including anastomotic leakage (AL), reintervention rates, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates, between patients who experienced displaced drains and those who did not. Methods: Rectal cancer patients who underwent proctectomy at a single institution between January 2015 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients who experienced displaced drains and those who did not. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of reintervention in patients with AL. The secondary endpoints were overall morbidity rates, AL rates, length of hospital stay, and mortality within 30 days. Results: Among 248 patients who underwent proctectomy, 93 (37.5%) experienced displaced drains. A higher proportion of patients who experienced displaced drains required reintervention due to AL than those who did not experience displaced drains (odds ratio, 3.61; 95% confidential interval, 1.20–10.93; p = 0.016). However, no significant difference was found in the overall morbidity rate, mortality, and length of hospital stay between the groups. Conclusion Drain displacement does not worsen outcomes such as overall morbidity rate, mortality, and length of hospital stay after proctectomy but is associated with an increase in the need for reintervention in patients with AL.

A buccal pit is a prominent point-like depression that appears at the cervical end of the mandibular molar developmental grooves. A defective buccal pit can be defined as a buccal pit in which the continuity of the dentinoenamel junction is broken and the pit extends to the dentinal level. This study aimed to determine the frequency of buccal pits and defective buccal pits in un-erupted mandibular first and second molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The analysis was performed on CBCT images taken from 417 Korean children and adolescents who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital between 2004 and 2020. Based on cross-sectional views of CBCT images, buccal pits were categorized into 4 classes according to the depth of the pits. The expression rate of the buccal pits was 29.1%. The prevalence of defective buccal pits was 7.9%. The buccal pits tended to develop bilaterally. To date, this is the most comprehensive study on the frequency of buccal pits with the largest sample size. This was the first attempt worldwide to analyze the depth of the buccal pit using CBCT images and to define a defective buccal pit worldwide.

A 3D-printed resin crown is a novel option for esthetic crown restoration for primary teeth, which are typically bonded with resin cement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding ability of a 3D printing resin and compare it with other indirect resin materials for crown fabrication. The shear bond strengths of two 3D printing resin materials, Graphy (GP) and NextDent (NXT), and two indirect resin materials, VIPI Block (VIPI) and MAZIC Duro (MZ), were compared in the study. For all materials, the shear bond strength at the interface between the surface of the resin material and resin cement was measured. The mean shear bond strength values of GP, NXT, MZ, and VIPI were 23.29 ± 3.88, 26.14 ± 4.67, 25.41 ± 4.03, and 18.79 ± 4.26 MPa, respectively. There was no significant difference among the SBSs of GP, NXT and MZ except for VIPI. The result of this study indicates that the 3D printing resin meets the essential requirement for clinical use by showing clinically adequate bond strength.

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene DD homozygote has been suggested to be a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. We analyzed clinical parameters and ACE genotype distribution between type 2 diabetic patients at the extremes of renal risk, i.e. an end-stage renal failure (ESRF) group (n = 103, group 1) who were on dialysis therapy due to progression of diabetic nephropathy, and a no progression group (n = 88, group 2) who had maintained normal renal function and normoalbuminuria for more than 15 years. There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c level, or lipid profiles between the two groups (p > 0.05). Group 1 had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension [group 1: 82.5% (85/103) vs. group 2: 50.0% (44/88), p < 0.05] and diabetic retinopathy [group 1: 103/103 (100%) vs. group 2: 28/88 (31.8%), p < 0.05] than group 2. Daily urinary albumin excretion was also higher in group 1 than in group 2 [group 1: 2873 +/- 2176 mg/day vs. 12 +/- 7 g/day, p < 0.05]. The frequencies of the DD, ID, and II genotypes of the ACE gene in group 1 and group 2 were 26.2%, 47.6%, and 26.2%, and 7.9%, 57.9%, and 34.2%, respectively. The ACE genotype frequencies between the two groups were significantly different according to a chi-square test with Bonferroni's correction (p = 0.004). The presence of the DD genotype increased the risk of ESRF 4.286-fold compared to the II genotype [odds ratio 4.286, 95% CI 1.60- 11.42, p = 0.005]. The frequency of the D-allele was higher in both male and female patients in group 1 compared to group 2, but reached statistical significance only in males [male, group 1: 50.8% vs. group 2: 35.0%, p = 0.018, female, group 1: 48.8% vs. group 2: 39.5%, p = 0.231]. This study, although limited by sample size, showed that type 2 diabetic ESRF patients more frequently expressed the DD genotype. These findings may substantiate the previously noted relationship between the ACE DD genotype and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in Korean type 2 diabetic patients.
Renal Dialysis ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/*genetics/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis/*genetics ; Humans ; Homozygote ; Gene Frequency ; Female ; Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis/*genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis/*genetics ; Aged

so high that division of oral and maxillofacial surgery should be extablished immediately.]]>
Accidents, Traffic ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mandible ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth Injuries