The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the newly-developed Qraypen™ (All In One Bio, Korea) system for the diagnosis of early proximal caries by comparing it with the conventional methods of visual inspection and periapical radiography. This study was carried out from July 2015 to April 2016 targeting 32 children aged 7~12 years who visited Y-Dental Clinic for school oral health examinations. Two investigators selected and examined a total of 153 primary molars that had not undergone restorative treatment. Comparisons were carried out between visual inspections, readings of posterior periapical radiography images, and readings of Qraypen™ images. This study revealed that the percentage of interproximal surfaces of primary molar teeth without caries incidence was 83.7% using Qraypen™ imaging and 84.9% using visual inspection and periapical radiography. The differences between the two methods were not statistically significant. Thus, Qraypen™ is expected to be a useful and convenient auxiliary diagnostic device that can facilitate the detection of hidden proximal caries in primary molars.
Child ; Dental Caries ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods* ; Molar* ; Oral Health ; Radiography* ; Reading ; Research Personnel ; Tooth

Astrovirus is frequently associated with diarrhea in children. It can not be readily isolated by cell culture, and an electronmicroscope is usually used for detection of this agent. Recently in 1995 a combined method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was designed for easier detection of astrovirus, which is based on the conserved sequence in 3'-end of genomes of the 7 known serotypes of human astrovirus. As of yet there has not been any report of astrovirus data in Korea using the RT-PCR methods. The purpose of this study was to detect astrovirus incidence, severity of symptoms, seasonal variation and coinfection rate with rotavirus in Korean children inpatients with diarrhea. Fecal specimens from 61 young children hospitalized with gasteroenteritis Korea from Jan. 1996 through Mar. 1997. They were examined for astroviurs infection by RT-PCR method. Results are as follows: 1. Astrovirus was detected at 9.8% (6/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by EIA using monoclonal antibody coated plates. 2. Astorvirus was detected at 29.5% (18/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by RT-PCR. 3. The age of the 18 children affected by astrovirus ranged from 2 monthes to 7 years with mean of 3.0 years. 4. Mean hospital stay of the 1S children was 6.1 days. 5. Five (27.8%) astrovirus RT-PCR positive strains were confirmed in November and in December, respectively out of 18 specimens in total. 6. Astrovirus coinfection with rotavirus type G1 was confirmed in 15/16 specimens (93.8%), and with type G2 was in 1/16 specimens (6.3%).
Cell Culture Techniques ; Child* ; Coinfection ; Conserved Sequence ; Diarrhea ; Feces* ; Genome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mamastrovirus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Reverse Transcription* ; Rotavirus ; Seasons

Human rotavirus has now been established as the leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. At least fourteen serotypes of group A rotavirus have been identified on the basis of antibody responses to major neutralizing glycoprotein, VP7 (G type for glycoprotein), present in the outer capsid of the virus. Serotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 are the most highly prevalent in human. In Korea, rotavirus is also the principal cause of severe nonbacterial diarrhea requiring hospitalization in infants and young children, which is commonly detected by EIA method. The epidemiology of rotavirus infection has been monitored by only serologic methods without electropherotyping in Korea. This study shows seasonal and age related variations .of rotavirus infection in Korea according to the genotype using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fecal specimens were obtained from 39 children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea and gastroenteritis in Ewha Womans University MokDong Hospital in Seoul from Jan. to Dec. of 1996. All four (1, 2, 3, 4) major G serotypes were identified by amplification of segment of the gene for VP7 using RT-PCR. Rotavirus Gl 749 bp, G2 653 bp, G3 374 bp and G4 583bp were shown on 2.9 or 3.3% NuSieve agar gel. Results were as follows: 1) Rotavirus was detected at 53.8% (21/39) by EIA and 89.7% (35/39) by RT-PCR. 2) Serotype Gl, G2, G3, G4 when detected by RT-PCR accounted for 80.0% (28/35), 14.3% (5/35), 2.9% (1/35) and 2.9% (1/35), respectively. 3) Thirty five strains of rotavirus were detected at the frequency of 17.1% (6/35) in Oct., 20.0% (7/35) in Nov. and 20.0% (7/35) in Dec. 4) As for the age range, children affected by rotavirus were mostly under 1 years.
Agar ; Antibody Formation ; Capsid ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Diarrhea* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Genotype* ; Glycoproteins ; Hospitalization ; Humans* ; Infant ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Reverse Transcription* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus* ; Seasons ; Seoul

The purpose of this comparison of case reports is to introduce the results of the application of new devices for the management of growing Class III malocclusions in children. Two 8-year-old boys had a chief complaint of anterior crossbite. Anterior crossbite correction using a tandem traction bow appliance (TTBA) or a Carriere Motion 3D Class III appliance with a Transforce appliance was planned. By comparing cephalometric radiographs before and after treatment, changes in skeletal growth and incisor inclination to the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane could be measured. Both devices increased SNA and ANB angles, N –| Pg-A, U1 to SN, and U1 to FH. Both appliances improved facial features and resolution of anterior crossbite. The TTBA and Carriere Motion 3D Class III appliance had similar effects when applied as early treatment for growing mesio-occlusions and anterior crossbite in two boys. However, long-term outcome assessments and well-designed comparative studies are still required.

BACKGROUND: This study is aimed to evaluate the level of fear and to reduce the overall fear, thereby enabling patients to receive treatment via timely visits. METHODS: In a survey conducted by 460 South Korean middle school students, we used 453 data that faithfully responded to the survey. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors influencing subjective oral health and dental fear. The significance level used for statistical significance was α = 0.05. RESULTS: The level of fear was higher for upper grade, female students. The factors affecting dental fear were higher for gingival bleeding and dental pain. Regarding factors for dental fear affecting subjective oral health, lower fear of puncture needle and tooth removal tool resulted in higher subjective oral health. CONCLUSION: The study found that adolescents had higher fear of dental care when they had gingival bleeding and tooth pain. Gingival bleeding is a symptom of early gingival disease and dental pain is likely due to advanced dental caries. These results suggested that it is necessary to have a program to reduce dental fear and anxiety as well as a program to prevent dental diseases through regular periodic screening and education.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety ; Dental Anxiety* ; Dental Care ; Dental Caries ; Education ; Female ; Gingival Diseases ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Needles ; Oral Health* ; Punctures ; Stomatognathic Diseases ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Many people experience varying levels of discomfort when confronted with the prospect of dental treatment. Dental treatment can be a traumatic experience, especially for children and adolescents with dental anxiety. In this age group, dental fear causes a significant problem in dental management and has been related to severe dental caries and dental pain. The Dental Fear Survey ( DFS ) is the most widely used measure of dental fear. This study was undertaken to develop the Korean version of the DFS ( K-DFS ) and test its reliability and validity. METHODS: The K-DFS, which uses projective techniques to measure children's and adolescents' dental fear, was developed. The DFS was translated into Korean and participants were selected via convenience sampling. Reliability and validity were tested using data from a sample of 813 middle school students in Gyeonggi Province, selected from the Self questionnaire survey. The K-DFS was administered twice to 102 adolescents aged 12-15 years. RESULTS: The K-DFS had high internal consistency reliability (99.1%) but low test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the Korean versions of the DFS have good internal consistency reliabilities and test-retest validities. However, we need to further examine the test-retest reliability of the K-DFS and replicate the current study in different samples covering various age groups.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Child ; Dental Anxiety* ; Dental Caries ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Projective Techniques ; Reproducibility of Results*

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have suggested that the personality and communication style of the mother can affect the progress of disease in children with chronic illnesses. The current study assessed the characteristics, attachment type and communication skill of mothers who have children with alopecia areata that may concern their children. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 46 mothers of children with alopecia areata (alopecia children: mean age 7.52+/-3.41yrs ; 27 males, 19 females), who visited the alopecia clinic at the Dermatology Department of Chung-Ang University Hospital, and 42 mothers of normal children (control children : mean age 6.85+/-0.46 yrs; 20 males, 22 females). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subscale, the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the Parent Adolescent Communication Inventory (PACI), and the Campbell Index of Well-Being were administered to all the subjects for the purpose of comparing the mothers of the alopecia group with those of the normal controls. RESULTS: There were no differences in socio-demographic characteristics between the alopecia and control group mothers. The MMPI scores of both groups were within the normal profile ranges, but the scores of the mothers in the alopecia areata group were significantly lower than those in the control group mothers on the Pd(4), Mf(5), and Ma(9) subscales (p=0.028, p=0.001, p=0.005 respectively). There were significant differences in communication style between the two groups. Alopecia group mothers showed less open family communication (p=0.034) and more problems in family communication (p=0.000) than the control group mothers. The scores on problems in family communication were positively correlated with Pd(4) scores (r=0.48, p=0.03). An insecure attachment style was more common in the alopecia group mothers than in control group mothers (p=0.023). There was no difference between the two groups of mothers on the Index of Well-Being. CONCLUSION: Compared with the mothers of control group children, the mothers of children with alopecia areata had more depressed and suppressed personality characteristics not expressing their psychological conflicts directly (low Pd, Mf, and Ma scores), more problems in family communication with their children and more insecure attachment type. We suggest that these results should be considered in the treatment of children with alopecia, and that psychological intervention for their mothers is needed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alopecia ; Alopecia Areata ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Dermatology ; Humans ; Male ; MMPI ; Mothers ; Object Attachment ; Parents

Chemo-mechanical caries removal methods are known to be more effective compared with conventional methods in pain reduction. Carie-care™, a chemo-mechanical caries removal agent, was introduced in 2010 but a systematic review of its efficacy has not yet been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Carie-care™ on the outcomes of treatment of caries in children and adolescents. The primary outcome was pain while the secondary outcomes included complete caries removal (CCR), time, need for local anesthesia and behavioral response changes. A Comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to 30 September 2018. The following keywords were used in the search: ‘chemo-mechanical caries removal agent’, ‘dental caries’, ‘Carie-care’, ‘chemo-mechanical caries removal’, ‘chemo-mechanical caries excavation’, other related keywords, and their combinations. From 942 studies identified, 16 were analyzed. Finally, 4 studies met the eligibility criteria and 260 teeth in 120 children and adolescents were included in this review. This review showed that Carie-care™ reduces pain during caries treatment but requires a longer time for effective treatment than conventional methods. Local anesthesia was not required in the Chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) group. In addition, dental anxiety decreased compared to the control group, and co-operation was more positive. Therefore, it may be a useful alternative to conventional methods in children and adolescents, but further verification through additional studies is needed.
Adolescent ; Anesthesia, Local ; Child ; Dental Anxiety ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Methods ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in functional impairment between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls, and to compare the functional impairment across ADHD subtypes. METHODS: Children and adolescents with ADHD between the ages of 6 and 18 years were recruited for the study. Parents and teachers of the ADHD subjects completed the parents' and teachers' forms of the Children and Adolescents Functioning Impairment Scale (CAFIS), respectively. The results of these scales were compared to those of normal controls. RESULTS: Subjects included 110 children with ADHD, predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-IA); 23 with ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI); and 60 ADHD, combined type (ADHD-C). When compared to 41 normal controls, there were significant differences in CAFIS-parent and CAFIS-teacher scales for the ADHD group. Functional impairment in the family relationship as rated by the parents was higher in children with ADHD-C when compared to that of children with ADHD-IA. CONCLUSION: In comparison to normal children, children with ADHD have a higher level of impairment in several functional areas, and differences exist in functional impairment across ADHD subtypes. Further, ratings of functional impairment between parents and teachers were inconsistent. Thus, gathering information from the teachers is important when diagnosing or establishing treatment regimens for ADHD.
Adolescent ; Child ; Family Relations ; Humans ; Parents ; Weights and Measures