PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the smoking behaviors and to identify the impacts of depression, temperament, and characteristic on smoking experience in the female adolescents. METHODS: This study surveyed 691 highschool girls in the Gangwon area using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: The smoking rate of the highschool girls was lower than that of the national average. Depression was observed to be seriously in the highschool girls. There were a positive correlations among smoking experience, the school records and novelty seeking and a negative correlation between smoking and cooperativeness. The significant predictors of smoking experience were the type of school, the satisfaction with school, the school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that femalel adolescents who have the factors identified in this study are considered to have the potential for smoking. These results provide the basis for developing smoking prevention and cessation programs.
Adolescent* ; Depression* ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Reward ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Temperament* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on Sleep, depression and quality of life in the institutionalized elderly women. METHODS: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected from June 23 to August 10 of 2009. Fifty - Six elderly women were divided into two groups, 27 institutionalized elderly women for the experimental group and 29 institutionalized elderly women for the control group. As for experimental treatment, the experimental group went through aroma hand massage with blended oil-a mixture of Lavender, Bergamot, Chamomile Roman in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1, which was diluted 2.0% with jojoba carrier oil 20 mL-on each hand for 5 minutes, three times a week during two weeks. Control group went non-treatment. RESULTS: The aroma hand massage experimental group showed more significant differences in the charge of sleep score (t=3.83, p=.00) and depression (t=-3.54, p=.00). CONCLUSION: Aroma hand massage had a positive effect on sleep and depression in Institutionalized elderly women.
Aged ; Chamomile ; Depression ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Lavandula ; Massage ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the CT features and pathogenesis of the electric brain injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 3 patients injured by high-voltage electricity. We evaluated the findings early and delayed periods in each patients. RESULTS: The early CT findings were diffuse brain edema, scalp swelling, and focal hemorrhagic contusion. The findings of delayed period were cerebral infarction, pneumocephalus, brain abscess, and pneumatocele. CONCLUSION: CT was useful to correlate the pathogenesis and variable features of electric brain injuries.
Brain Abscess ; Brain Edema ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Contusions ; Electric Injuries* ; Electricity ; Humans ; Pneumocephalus ; Scalp ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses. Methods: This study included 146 new graduate nurses working in hospitals located in state G. Data were collected from August 9, 2023 to January 15, 2024.Data was collected through a survey. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 25.0 program was used. The data were identified with frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Baron and Kenny’s 3-stage procedures. The statistical significance of the mediating effects was verified using the PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Social support exhibited a negative correlation with reality shock (r=-.47, p<.001) and turnover intention (r=-.61, p<.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation (r=.67, p<.001) between reality shock and turnover intention. Notably, social support had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention (β=.49, p<.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that social support serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses.Consequently, it is recommended that efforts be made to improve social support through institutional and legal improvement and the development and implementation of programs aimed at reducing turnover intention among new graduate nurses.

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses. Methods: This study included 146 new graduate nurses working in hospitals located in state G. Data were collected from August 9, 2023 to January 15, 2024.Data was collected through a survey. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 25.0 program was used. The data were identified with frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Baron and Kenny’s 3-stage procedures. The statistical significance of the mediating effects was verified using the PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Social support exhibited a negative correlation with reality shock (r=-.47, p<.001) and turnover intention (r=-.61, p<.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation (r=.67, p<.001) between reality shock and turnover intention. Notably, social support had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention (β=.49, p<.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that social support serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses.Consequently, it is recommended that efforts be made to improve social support through institutional and legal improvement and the development and implementation of programs aimed at reducing turnover intention among new graduate nurses.

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses. Methods: This study included 146 new graduate nurses working in hospitals located in state G. Data were collected from August 9, 2023 to January 15, 2024.Data was collected through a survey. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 25.0 program was used. The data were identified with frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Baron and Kenny’s 3-stage procedures. The statistical significance of the mediating effects was verified using the PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Social support exhibited a negative correlation with reality shock (r=-.47, p<.001) and turnover intention (r=-.61, p<.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation (r=.67, p<.001) between reality shock and turnover intention. Notably, social support had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention (β=.49, p<.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that social support serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses.Consequently, it is recommended that efforts be made to improve social support through institutional and legal improvement and the development and implementation of programs aimed at reducing turnover intention among new graduate nurses.

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses. Methods: This study included 146 new graduate nurses working in hospitals located in state G. Data were collected from August 9, 2023 to January 15, 2024.Data was collected through a survey. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 25.0 program was used. The data were identified with frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Baron and Kenny’s 3-stage procedures. The statistical significance of the mediating effects was verified using the PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Social support exhibited a negative correlation with reality shock (r=-.47, p<.001) and turnover intention (r=-.61, p<.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation (r=.67, p<.001) between reality shock and turnover intention. Notably, social support had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention (β=.49, p<.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that social support serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between reality shock and turnover intention among new graduate nurses.Consequently, it is recommended that efforts be made to improve social support through institutional and legal improvement and the development and implementation of programs aimed at reducing turnover intention among new graduate nurses.

No abstract available.
Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Osteoporosis* ; Physicians, Primary Care* ; Primary Health Care*

Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain can result from degeneration, infection, malignancy, and trauma. Patients with metastatic bone pain who do not respond to conventional treatment may need more aggressive neuroinvasive approaches. Recently, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) neuromodulation has emerged as a promising treatment alternative for refractory cases of SI joint pain. Nevertheless, there is no report on the treatment of pain arising from SI joint metastases with PRF. We are reporting about a 63-year-old woman suffering from buttock pain due to breast cancer metastases in the SI joint. We treated this patient with PRF neuromodulation of the L4-S3 primary dorsal rami and lateral branches using a rotating curved needle technique. The patient tolerated the procedures well, without any complications. She experienced about 70% reduction in pain, and pain relief was sustained for 10 months. This result suggests that PRF neuromodulation is a safe, effective treatment for pain from SI joint metastases.
Arthralgia ; Breast Neoplasms ; Buttocks ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Sacroiliac Joint*

BACKGROUND: In aerometabolic process, the human heart mainly utilizes free acid as fuel. During anaerobic process, lactate production by the myocardium is increased and accumulates in the myocardium. Thus it decreases the contractility of myocadium. Therefore in patients with ischemic heart disease, lactate prodution must be increased by the myocardium during myocardial ischemia. During paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, patients frequently experience chest pain and ST segment depression suggesting acute myocardial ischemia. However it occurs on a physiologic basis independent of ischemia. The purpose of this study was to assess whether tachycardia induced by artial pacing produces myocardial ischemia in patients without evidence of ischemic heart disease. METHODS: Between May 28, 1996 and August 13, 1996, at the University of Keimyung, Dong-San Medical center, 15 patients(male 9, female 6, mean age of 38 years) with palpititation underwent electrophysiologic testing and had radiofrequency cather ablation. There were no evidence of ischemic heart disease. Right artrial pacing was done with lengths of 500msec, 400msec and 350msec in each 5 patients. A 12 lead electrdcardiogram, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure, blood from femoral artery and coronary sinus for lactate determinations and blood gas analysis were dbtained simultaneously. They were obtained at baseline, at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minute of atrial pacing and at 1, 5, 10 minute after cessation of pacing. RESULT: Significant changes were not observed in , , concentration of , pH and saturation. In all patients, mean percent lactate extraction was above 10% and not significantly changed during atrial pacing. However ST segment depression was significantly progressive during atrial pacing and according to decrease the cycle length(p<0.05), also left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly decreased during atrial pacing(p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore tachycardia induced by atrial pacing for 15 minutes did not produce myocardial ischemia in patients without evidence of ischemic heart disease. Depression of STsegment during supraventricular tachycardia or atrial pacing, in patient without underlying heart disease is necessary to inveestigate what makes this phenomenon.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Sinus ; Depression ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ischemia ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolism* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular