No abstract available.
Child* ; Cystitis* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To evaluate the natural course of superior oblique palsy (SOP) with objective criteria, and to show the contemporary etiology and recovery rates among several factors. The clinical features of SOP were compared to previous studies. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 80 patients diagnosed with SOP between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2011 was performed. RESULTS: Clinical SOP features showed variation when compared to previous studies. Out of 80 patients, 71 were identified with unilateral isolated and 9 bilateral cases of SOP. Twenty cases were congenital and 60 cases were acquired SOPs. Acquired SOPs were affected most commonly by trauma (31%) and vascular disease (30%). Twenty-four out of 49 patients, who were followed up over 2 months after the first visit recovered, especially vascular origin cases, which was statistically significant (75%, p = 0.000). Patients with initial vertical deviation smaller than 5 Prism diopters (PD) experienced a more successful recovery than patients with an initial deviation larger than 5 PD. CONCLUSIONS: SOP has different recovery rates depending on the etiology. Accurate ocular examination and understanding of SOP etiology are necessary for successful treatment.
Humans ; Natural History ; Paralysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Trochlear Nerve Diseases ; Vascular Diseases

No abstract available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Antigens, Surface* ; Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital*

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a Web-based preconception health promotion program to improve preconception health promotion awareness, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy and health behavior, and to reduce perceived barriers in couples about to be married. METHODS: Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=26 couples) or control group (n=25 couples). This program was comprised of a six hour Web-based lecture series which was given to the experimental group over a four week period. RESULTS: Results for the two groups showed: 1) a significant difference in preconception health promotion awareness in men (self-perception: z=-3.62, p <.001 content: F=18.49, p <.001) and in women (self-perception: z=-2.89, p =.004 content F=36.93, p <.001), 2) a significant difference in perceived benefits in men (z=-3.09, p =.002), and in women (F=6.38, p =.004), 3) a significant difference in perceived barriers in men (F=3.64, p =.030), and in women (F=11.36, p <.001), 4) a significant difference in perceived self-efficacy in men (F=12.16, p <.001), but no significant difference in women (F=1.93, p =.166), 5) a significant difference in health promoting behavior in men (F=16.31, p <.001), and in women (F=10.99, p =.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the program is an effective nursing intervention in couples about to be married. Therefore, this program can be useful in encouraging health-promoting behavior for couples about to be married.
Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing ; Preconception Care

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was 1) to examine levels of awareness on preconception care and pregnancy, and reproductive health promoting behavior among pre-honeymooners; and 2) to explore the relationship between awareness levels of preconception care and pregnancy, and reproductive health promoting behavior. METHODS: This study was a correlation design with a total of 134 participants (67 couples of pre-honeymooners). Data were collected with questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean score of self-perception of awareness of preconception care and pregnancy was 2.82 out of 4. Content awareness level was 6.83 out of 13, and reproductive health promoting behavior score was 3.02 out of 4, indicating low to mid-level. Women reported higher scores in all variables than those in men. Self-perception awareness and content awareness of care and pregnancy had a weak positive correlation (r=.18, p=.038). Reproductive health promoting behavior was positively related to self-perception awareness of care and pregnancy (r=.33, p<.001) and content awareness of care and pregnancy (r=.23, p=.008). CONCLUSION: Based on this results, a variety of nursing intervention strategies may need to promote reproductive health behavior such as raising awareness of the preconception care and pregnancy.
Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing ; Preconception Care* ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproductive Health* ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: Recently hyponatremia was reported to be common in febrile convulsion and related to the probability of a repeated convulsion. It was documented that hyponatremia lowers the threshold for convulsion in experiment animals. We therefore studied the relationship between hyponatremia and febrile convulsion. METHODS: Serum sodium concentration was measured in 82 children with febrile convulsions and 66 age-matched febrile controls without convulsion from January 1995 to September 1996 at Ewha Womans University Hospital. The relationship between hyponatremia and febrile convulsion, including the repeat or recurrency was examined in 17 children with repeated convulsions during the same febrile period and 36 children with recurrent convulsions during the other febrile illness. RESULTS: Serum sodium concentration in febrile convulsions was 134.9 +/- 2.3mEq/L which was significantly lower than 138.2 +/- 2.4mEq/L in febrile controls (P<0.01) and that in repeated and recurrent febrile convulsions was significantly lower compared to non-repeated and non- recurrent febrile convulsions. The incidence of hyponatremia in febrile convulsions was 36 of 82 children (44%) which was significantly higher than the incidence in febrile controls (3%) (P<0.01) and that in repeated febrile convulsions (59%) and recurrent convulsions (56%) had significantly higher incidence than that in non-repeated (31%) and non-recurrent febrile convulsions (37%) (P<0.05). The increase in probability of a repeated and recurrent convulsion when serum sodium level decreases, was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion : Serum sodium concentration in children with febrile convulsions was significantly lower than febrile children without convulsions and the lower the serum sodium concentration, the higher the probability of a repeated and recurrent febrile convulsion.
Animals ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Incidence ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Sodium*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experiences. This study employed Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: The data were collected after receipt of consent from 250 single women with sexual experiences, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: x²=362.407, RMR=0.065, RMSEA=0.070, GFI=0.867. TLI=0.927, CFI=0.938, IFI=0.939, and x²/dF=2.237. Intention showed direct effect with the biggest effect being on reproductive health behavior. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were found to have a direct effect on intention. Among them, perceived behavioral control revealed the largest influence. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the TPB is a suitable model in explaining the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experience. Strategic plans for educational and intervention programs should be aimed to encourage single women to engage in reproductive health behavior.
Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Reproductive Health* ; Single Person*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of anger expression in adolescent women. METHODS: The Q-Methodology which provides a method of analyzing the individual's subjectivity was used. The 32 subjects classified 50 selected Q-statements on a 9 point scale to make a normal distribution. The collected data was analyzed by a PCQUANL program. RESULTS: Five types of anger expression in adolescent women were identified. Type I: Direct attacking expression type, Type II: Mature consideration type, Type III: Passive indirect expression type, Type IV: Avoidance conversion type, and Type V: Expression control type. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that different approaches of nursing intervention strategies are recommended based on the five types of anger expression and their characteristics.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychology ; Anger/*classification ; Expressed Emotion/*classification ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Q-Sort ; Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing