PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and test an explanatory model on functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using path analysis. METHODS: Data were collected from 149 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using 6-minute walk test, measurement of oxygen saturation, pulmonary function test, and self-reported questionnaires from June to October, 2005. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program and AMOS/WIN 4.0 program. RESULTS: The overall fitness indices of modified model were good( chi-square = 14.324, p = .281 GFI = .981, RMSEA = .006, AGFI = .944, NFI = .927, NNFI = .999, CFI = .999, PNFI = .613, chi-square /df = 1.194). Functional capacity was influenced directly by age(beta = -.304, p = .000), dyspnea(beta = -.278, p = .000), self-efficacy(beta = .240, p = .000), social support(beta = .175, p = .004), pulmonary function(beta = .169, p = .008), and oxygen saturation(beta = .099, p = .048). These variables explained 39.3% in functional capacity. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that comprehensive nursing interventions should focus on decreasing dyspnea and increasing self-efficacy, social support, and oxygen saturation. In this perspective, pulmonary rehabilitation would be an effective strategy for improving functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Aminopeptidases ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study design was used. A convenience sample of 125 subjects was recruited from the outpatient respiratory clinic at a large university hospital. Data was collected from June to October, 2005 using structured questionnaires, an oxygen saturation test, a 6-minute walking test, and a pulmonary function test. RESULTS: Subjects had a slightly low degree of fatigue. The fatigue showed a significant correlation with emotion(r= .589, p= .000), dyspnea(r= .304, p= .001), self-efficacy (r= -.278, p= .002), and symptom experience(r= .238, p= .008). Emotion(34.7%) and dyspnea(5.8%) were significant predictors to explain fatigue. CONCLUSION: This study provides comprehensive understanding of the influencing factors on fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nursing interventions to decrease negative emotion and dyspnea for management of fatigue is suggested.
Aged ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Emotions/physiology ; Fatigue/*etiology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oximetry ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*complications/physiopathology/psychology ; Questionnaires ; Regression Analysis

BACKGROUND: This study aimed at assessing the knowledge of the general public about novel influenza and the extent of preventive measures undertaken when information on novel influenza and its preventive measures was extensively broadcasted during the novel influenza outbreak. METHODS: Between September 21 and October 31, self-report questionnaires were distributed to 1,200 persons. The completed questionnaires were collected from 1,025 persons. The collected data was used to determine the frequency and percentage as well as to conduct analyses such as t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression by using SPSS WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The knowledge on novel influenza and the performance of preventive measures were scored at 6.58 and 5.10, respectively, on a scale of 12. This finding suggested that the knowledge on novel influenza and the performance of preventive measures were low. The significant factors influencing the participants' knowledge on novel influenza were age and the experience of watching relevant educational programs on television, whereas the factors influencing the performance of preventive measures were academic career, working status, and the experience of watching relevant educational programs on television. Between knowledge and implementation of preventive measures, there was positive correlation at low level (r=0.112, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that factors influencing the knowledge on and the performance of preventive measures against a disease should be considered when developing prevention strategies, such as broadcast of educational programs on television, against influenza or similar infectious diseases during an outbreak.
Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Logistic Models ; Pandemics ; Television ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of an infection control program on the Clonorchis sinensis (CS) infection ratio, CS-related knowledge and health behavior of people living near the Geum River. METHOD: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used with 102 participants. For 12 months the participants were provided with promotion announcements, health education, counseling, and medication. Outcome variables measured were the CS infection ratio by stool examination, CS-related knowledge and health behavior from self-report questionnaires. The pre intervention data were collected from January to February 2008 and the post intervention data during the same period in 2009. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, generalized estimating equation analysis, and paired t-test with SPSS for Windows version 15.0. RESULTS: In the pre test 21 of the 102 participants showed infection with CS for the first time. In the post test 9 were newly infected with CS, and one was re-infected. The CS-related knowledge was significantly improved after the infection control program (p<0.05). The CS-related health behaviors did not improve. CONCLUSION: These results showed that an infection control program is effective in decreasing CS infection ratio and improving CS-related knowledge of people living near the river.
Clonorchis sinensis ; Counseling ; Geum ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Infection Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rivers

PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyse the trends of risk factor management programs for patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Using PubMed, 35 intervention studies related to risk factor management programs among randomized controlled trials searched with the key words of coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. Collected studies were analysed according to the characteristics of studies and participants, method and content of intervention, and outcome indicator and its effects. RESULTS: The mean period of intervention was 28.7+/-26.8 weeks, the mean frequency was 3.0+/-2.0 times per week, and the duration of one session was below 60 minuets in 65.8% of the reviewed studies. The interventions were counselling, exercise, education, and cognitive behavior therapy. Counselling was applied most frequently in previous studies. The outcomes of intervention had been measured with anthropometric, physical, physiological, psychological, behavioral, and cognitive aspects, but the effect of the intervention was inconsistent among the studies. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, systematic and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program consisted of counselling, exercise, and education should be developed and performed for health management and relapse prevention of patients with coronary artery disease.
Cognitive Therapy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and test an explanatory model of dyspnea in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD). METHODS: Participants were 181 patients with CLD, recruited from the outpatient pulmonary clinic of one university hospital in Korea. Data were collected using questionnaires, as well as measurement of 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), oxygen saturation (SpO2), FEV1% predicted, and Body Mass Index (BMI). RESULTS: The results indicated a good fit between the proposed dyspnea model and the collected data [chi-square =91.27, p= .13, chi-square/d.f.=1.17, Normal Fit Index= .934]. Oxygenation (SpO2, = -.530), self-efficacy (= -.429), anxiety (= .253), depression (= .224), exercise endurance (6MWD, = -.211), and pulmonary function (FEV1% predicted, = -.178) had a direct effect on dyspnea (all p< .05) and these variables explained 74% of variance in dyspnea. BMI, smoking history, and social support had an indirect effect on dyspnea. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that comprehensive nursing interventions should focus on recovery of respiratory health and improvement of emotions, exercise ability, and nutritional status. From this perspective, pulmonary rehabilitation would be an effective strategy for managing dyspnea in patients with CLD.
Anxiety ; Body Mass Index ; Depression ; Dyspnea ; Exercise ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Nutritional Status ; Outpatients ; Oxygen ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Walking

Purpose: : This study aimed to understand the current state of patient-centered care for people with disabilities by reviewing the key definitions, elements, and aspects of previously published care models/programs that borrow a patient-centered approach using a scoping review methodology. Methods : Following Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step methodology, we conducted a keyword search in EMBASE, Web of Science, and Pubmed for articles published from 2000 to January 2022, and a total of 30 articles were selected from 1,305 initially extracted articles. Results : A total of 13 studies developed models of care for people with disabilities based on the concept of patient-centeredness, 11 studies developed and evaluated care programs with patient- centered components, and 6 studies prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of patient-centered programs in clinical trials. The studies were generally based on multidisciplinary teams and emphasized two-way communication, collaborative relationships, multidimensional assessment, and measurement of patient needs. However, elements of patient-centeredness varied across studies, and methodologies for measuring needs and evaluating effectiveness were inconsistent. Conclusion : Based on this study, there is a need for systematic research to identify integrated and desirable patient-centeredness elements in healthcare models/programs for people with disabilities. This will enable the development of more patient-centered and friendly healthcare services for people with disabilities.

Purpose: : This study aimed to understand the current state of patient-centered care for people with disabilities by reviewing the key definitions, elements, and aspects of previously published care models/programs that borrow a patient-centered approach using a scoping review methodology. Methods : Following Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step methodology, we conducted a keyword search in EMBASE, Web of Science, and Pubmed for articles published from 2000 to January 2022, and a total of 30 articles were selected from 1,305 initially extracted articles. Results : A total of 13 studies developed models of care for people with disabilities based on the concept of patient-centeredness, 11 studies developed and evaluated care programs with patient- centered components, and 6 studies prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of patient-centered programs in clinical trials. The studies were generally based on multidisciplinary teams and emphasized two-way communication, collaborative relationships, multidimensional assessment, and measurement of patient needs. However, elements of patient-centeredness varied across studies, and methodologies for measuring needs and evaluating effectiveness were inconsistent. Conclusion : Based on this study, there is a need for systematic research to identify integrated and desirable patient-centeredness elements in healthcare models/programs for people with disabilities. This will enable the development of more patient-centered and friendly healthcare services for people with disabilities.

Purpose: : This study aimed to understand the current state of patient-centered care for people with disabilities by reviewing the key definitions, elements, and aspects of previously published care models/programs that borrow a patient-centered approach using a scoping review methodology. Methods : Following Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step methodology, we conducted a keyword search in EMBASE, Web of Science, and Pubmed for articles published from 2000 to January 2022, and a total of 30 articles were selected from 1,305 initially extracted articles. Results : A total of 13 studies developed models of care for people with disabilities based on the concept of patient-centeredness, 11 studies developed and evaluated care programs with patient- centered components, and 6 studies prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of patient-centered programs in clinical trials. The studies were generally based on multidisciplinary teams and emphasized two-way communication, collaborative relationships, multidimensional assessment, and measurement of patient needs. However, elements of patient-centeredness varied across studies, and methodologies for measuring needs and evaluating effectiveness were inconsistent. Conclusion : Based on this study, there is a need for systematic research to identify integrated and desirable patient-centeredness elements in healthcare models/programs for people with disabilities. This will enable the development of more patient-centered and friendly healthcare services for people with disabilities.

PURPOSE: This study was to analyze the trend of research on intervention for patients with metabolic syndrome. METHOD: Using Pubmed, Medline, and CINAHL search engines, a randomized controlled trial(RCT) researching titles such as "metabolic syndrome", "intervention", "lifestyle modification", or "community-based" were collected. A total of 16 researches were analyzed based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel(NCEP-ATP III). RESULTS: 1) The total period of the intervention was from 12 to 24 weeks, the frequency was 3 to 5 times per week, and the duration of each session was from 45 to 60 minutes. The types of intervention included exercise, diet, and medication. Among these types, diet was performed most frequently. 2) The outcomes of the intervention was measured with physical aspects such as anthropometric measures, body composition, or biological markers. No studies have evaluated psychosocial outcomes such as quality of life. 3) In terms of effectiveness of the intervention, anthropometric indicators, body composition, or serological markers showed positive effects, whereas results on endothelial or urine indicators were inconsistent. CONCLUSION: Methodological research developing comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle modification programs and intervention studies are needed for patients with metabolic syndrome. In addition, effects should be evaluated with multidimensional perspectives.
Humans ; Life Style ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*nursing ; *Nursing Methodology Research ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Statistics, Nonparametric