Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations on deaths of the COVID-19 cases in some elderly long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Methods: The study subjects were 659 COVID-19 cases in residents of 7 elderly LTCF, Gwangju, from 21 Dec. 2021 to 28 Jan. 2022. The used variables were confirmed dates for COVID-19, demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, presentation of symptoms, death and vaccination related characteristics including type of vaccine, doses and dates. Vaccination status were classified as not vaccinated, partially and fully vaccinated. The associations of vaccination status and deaths of COVID-19 cases were tested by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The rates of not vaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated were 19.4%, 10.2% and 70.4%, respectively. The mortality rate of the cases was 6.4%.The death rate by vaccination status was 16.4% in not vaccinated, 15.4% in partially vaccinated and 2.6% in fully vaccinated, showing a statistically significant difference. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals, CIs) of death compared to fully vaccinated were 7.64 (3.87-16.34) in non-vaccinated, and 6.97 (3.44-14.14) in partially vaccinated. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccination seems to work effectively in preventing deaths of COVID-19 cases of elderly LTCF residents. This finding support that fully vaccinations in high risk group such as elderly LTCF residents is very important for one of strategies of COVID-19 management.

PURPOSE: Encephalitis is a cranial nervous system infection that is caused by various etiologies. Most of the patients with encephalitis undergo severe or fatal clinical course with sequelae. This study was conducted to estimate the clinical outcomes and to evaluate factors which can be used to predict clinical outcomes among pediatric patients with encephalitis METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 46 patients with encephalitis who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Chonbuk National University Hospital, from July 1995 to July 2003. Encephalitis was diagnosed based on the presence of neurologic abnormalities, CSF, Brain CT or MRI findings. Information on sequelae was obtained in the outpatient clinic. RESULTS: In this study, five patients(11.6%) were expired, 17 patients(39.5%) developed neurologic sequelaes and 21 patients(46.5%) were recovered without sequelae. Infants had poorer outcomes compared to older age groups. Twenty nine cases who had seizures showed high morbidity rate(48.3%) compared to the seizure-free group(17.6%). Among six patients with status epilepticus, four(66.7%) developed neurologic sequelae and two(33.3%) expired. The group with normal brain MRI findings had better outcomes (70%) than the group with abnormal MRI findings(55.5%). Gray matter involved patients on MRI had poorer recovery rate(33.3%) than white matter involved patients(69.2%). The group treated with intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) had better outcomes(64.7%) than the other group(37.9%). CONCLUSION: The presence of seizure, younger patients, and presence of abnormal findings of brain MRI, especially gray matter lesions were associated with poor clinical outcomes in children with encephalitis.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Brain ; Child ; Encephalitis ; Encephalitis, Viral* ; Humans ; Infant ; Jeollabuk-do ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nervous System ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus

A 36-year-old male patient with no remarkable medical history was admitted to our hospital for a health check up. On chest radiography, bilateral aortic notches at the level of aortic arch were shown suggesting aortic arch anomaly without any clinical symptoms. Two aortic arches were almost same-in-size on suprasternal view of transthoracic echocardiography. In addition, multidetector computed tomography showed balanced type double aortic arch forming a complete vascular ring which encircled the trachea and esophagus. The trachea was slightly compressed by the vascular ring whereas the esophagus was intact. Nevertheless, the pulmonary function test was normal. The patient was discharged from hospital with instructions for periodic follow-up.
Adult ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Echocardiography ; Esophagus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Thorax ; Trachea

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the conventional method and the clinical history method those determine intraocular lens (IOL) power for cataract surgery in eyes with prior laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the absence of pre-LASIK data. METHODS: The medical records of 200 eyes in 100 patients who had been treated with LASIK for myopia and were followed up for more than 6 months were reviewed. The IOL powers by conventional method using post-LASIK keratometric value and by clinical history method were compared. RESULTS: The mean values of IOL powers by conventional method, and by clinical history method were +20.00+/-1.48D (+13.74~+23.23D) and +20.79+/-1.28D (+17.27~+24.32D), respectively. The following equation describes the regular relationship between the two METHODS: IOL(CHM) (clinical history method)=0.708*IOL(CM) (conventional method) +6.624 (r=0.816, p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: This equation may offer more accurate IOL power for cataract surgery in eyes with prior LASIK surgery in the absence of pre-LASIK data.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Medical Records ; Myopia

A gastric intramural hematoma is very rare and commonly associated with trauma, anticoagulation therapy, coagulopathy, pancreatic disease, aneurysm and peptic ulcer disease. This is a case of gastric intramural hematoma which occurred in a patient taking aspirin after hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection for bleeding from a biopsy site. We describe a case of gastric intramural hematoma that was successfully managed with conservative therapy.
Aneurysm ; Aspirin ; Biopsy ; Epinephrine ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis* ; Humans ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Peptic Ulcer ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic

The occurrences of thyrotoxicosis in patients with myasthenia gravis have been reported before the knowledge of the pathogenesis of the two disease. Thytotoxicosis is known to occur in 3 to 6 percent of patients with myasthenia gravis and myasthenia gravis occurs in only a fraction of 1 percent of the thyrotoxic populatian. Myasthenia gravis is currently considered as a systemic autoimmune disorder of acetylcholine receptor and often presented with other autoimmune diseases such as SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis. We experienced a 18-year-old woman who presented with graves disease and isolated ocular myasthenia gravis. Chest CT didnot reveal enlarged thymus. The usual treatement of myasthenia gravis associated with thymtoxicosis consists of medical control of the thyrotoxicosis, then thymectomy and later subtotal thyroidectomy. Her ptosis and thyrotoxicosis have improved after the medicatian of anticholinesterase and propylthiourecil. A case of ocular myasthenia gravis with Gravesdisease was experienced, so we reported the case with a brief review of literature.
Acetylcholine ; Adolescent ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Thymectomy ; Thymus Gland ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyrotoxicosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Supernumerary derivative (22) syndrome is a rare genomic syndrome. It is characterized by severe mental retardation, microcephaly, failure to thrive, preauricular tag or sinus, ear abnormalities, cleft and/or high-arched palate, micrognathia, kidney abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and genital abnormalities in males. In 99% of the cases, one of the parents is a balanced carrier of a translocation between chromosome 11 and chromosome 22. To date, there have been about 100 case reports of supernumerary derivative (22) syndrome. In most of the cases, supernumerary derivative (22) syndrome was the result of 3:1 meiotic segregation in the maternal 11;22 translocation carrier. We now report a case of 47,XX, + der(22)t(11;22)(q23;q11.2) resulting from 3:1 meiotic segregation of the paternal translocation carrier.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Failure to Thrive ; Heart ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Kidney ; Male ; Microcephaly ; Palate ; Parents ; Trisomy

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the mothers' rearing attitude of ADHD children and that of children with depressive disorder. METHODS: The participant consisted of 58 school-aged children diagnosed as ADHD, 14 children diagnosed as depressive disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. Normal control group consisted of 34 school-aged children who are free of any diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, Parenting Style Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, Marital Satisfaction Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory were administered to all children and their mothers. RESULTS: The parents of ADHD children showed more aggressive/hostile, neglecting/indifferent and less warm/affectionate parenting styles to their children than those of the depression and control groups. The depressive group perceived their parents as more rejecting than the control groups. CONCLUSION: The externalizing symptoms of ADHD might provoke parental distress and make it difficult for the parents to show positive rearing attitude toward their children. The depressive children might be more sensitive and perceptive to the negative sign of their parents' rearing attitude.
Child ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Parenting ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Repeated administration of morphine leads to characteristic tolerance. We tested the effects of intrathecal oxcarbazepine (OXC) on spinal morphine tolerance in rats using the tail flick test. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats received intrathecal injections of 10 microliter saline alone, or 10 microliter of solutions containing 100 microgram OXC, 15 microgram morphine, or OXC + morphine for 7 days. Different groups of rats received OXC on days 1-7, 1-3, or 5-7. The tail-flick assay was used to measure acute and chronic nociception. The nociceptive stimulus consisted of dipping the distal 5 cm of the tail into warm water before and 30 min after drug injection. On day 8, an antinociceptive dose-response curve was plotted, and the 50% effective dose for morphine (given alone) was determined for all groups. RESULTS: Morphine or OXC both produced acute antinociception; OXC + morphine resulted in a significantly larger response than obtained with morphine alone. Morphine tolerance was produced by intrathecal injection of morphine over 7 days. Co-administration of morphine and OXC completely blocked morphine tolerance, but tolerance developed when OXC injection was stopped, and morphine potency was partially restored by co-administration of OXC in tolerant rats. CONCLUSIONS: The antinociceptive effect of both acute and chronic morphine therapy is increased with intrathecal OXC, and antinociceptive morphine tolerance is attenuated in rats.
Animals ; Carbamazepine ; Injections, Spinal ; Morphine ; Nociception ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Water

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by acroosteolysis of the distal phalanges, distinctive craniofacial and skull changes, dental abnormalities and generalized osteoporosis. The clinical and radiologic characteristics are variable and these characteristics progress with age. This syndrome shows autosomal dominant inheritance with sporadic cases. The genetic defects or molecular pathogenesis of HCS are still unknown. We experienced a case of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome in a 20-year-old man who had generalized osteoporosis with multiple non-traumatic spine compression fractures. He had acroosteolysis of the hands and feet, wormian bones in the skull, facial dysmorphism (mid-facial flattening, micrognathia and bushy eyebrows), a high arched palate, malocclusion and short dental alveolar processes. HCS was diagnosed based on the clinical and radiologic evidence. For the differential diagnosis, we excluded the other possible causes of the acroosteolysis and wormian bones, including hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatemia and mandibuloacral dysplasia. The specific treatment of HCS is unknown, but case reports with bisphosphonate treatment have been reported.
Acro-Osteolysis ; Alveolar Process ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Foot ; Fractures, Compression ; Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hypophosphatemia ; Malocclusion ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; Osteoporosis ; Palate ; Skull ; Spine ; Wills ; Young Adult