BACKGROUND: Cleaning and disinfection of fiberoptic bronchoscope requires careful attention, especially to mycobacterium species because the contamination of mycobacteria could raise confusion on diagnosis. Recently, we detected contamination of Wydex(R) solution used in bronchoscope washer with Mycobacterium chelonae. In this study, we evaluated the mycobactericidal effect of 12 kinds of disinfectants for M. chelonae. METHOD: To evaluate the bactericidal effect of Wydex(R) 2%, Cidex(R) 2.25%, Cidex(R) 3%, Bacteriokiller (BK) disinfectant, Perasafe(R), HICLO-S(R), Lamicine(R), ethanol, Instrusept(R), Virkon(R), Betadine(R), and Vipon(R) against M. chelonae, culture was performed after exposure of two M. chelonae strains (ATCC 35749, the type strain and the strain isolated from contaminated Wydex(R) solution) to each disinfectant solution. The growth of organism was examined for up to 8 weeks. RESULTS: Growth of M. chelonae (reference strain of ATCC 35749 and isolated strain) was observed after a week incubation for Wydex(R) 2%, Cidex(R) (2.25%, 3%) and control. For BK disinfectant and Perasafe(R), they grew after 2-3 weeks, and 3-4 weeks, respectively. For HICLO-S(R) and Lamicine(R), only the contaminated strain grew after two and three weeks, respectively. For ethanol, Virkon(R), Betadine(R), Vipon(R), and Instrusept(R) , growth was not observed from either strain. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, Instrusept(R), virkon(R), ethanol, Betadine(R), and Vipon(R) were effective for the disinfection of M. chelonae. Especially, Instrusept(R) was thought to be useful as a disinfectant for bronchoscopes because it has advantages including non-corrosiveness, chemical stability, and non-irritativeness. And additional washing with ethanol might be effective. The finding that strain isolated from contaminated bronchoscopes was more resistant to disinfectants than reference strain suggested that the more resistant strains are selected throughout the improper disinfection.
Bronchoscopes ; Diagnosis ; Disinfectants* ; Disinfection ; Ethanol ; Mycobacterium chelonae* ; Mycobacterium*

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; NF-kappa B*

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female

Zipper entrapment injuries require a technique to safely and promptly release the entrapped tissues to prevent complications. Herein, we report an 8-year-old girl whose eyelid wassuccessfully released from an entrapping zipper. She presented to the pediatric emergency department with her right upper eyelid entrapped in a zipper while getting dressed. Shewas distressed, anxious, and crying in pain. We have successfully removed the zipper using a lubricating gel, which provides local anesthesia. This case report will increase emergencyphysicians’ awareness of the technique of removing an entrapped zipper on the eyelid using a lidocaine gel.

Staphylococcus aureus coagulase serotype I to VIII isolated from clinical samples could be classified into two groups, methicillin-sensitive S. aurues (MSSA) and methicilln-resistant S. aurues (MRSA), by antibiotics susceptibility and existence of mecA which is a gene related with methicillin resistance. Coagulase serotype I, VI, and VIII were MSSA which showed different antimicrobial susceptibility. Coagluase serotype II-V and VII were MRSA in which mecA and SCCmec were detected. To analyze Sau1 restriction and modification (R-M) complex types by coagulase type and SCCmec type, sau1hsdR, sau1hsdM and sau1hsdS genes involved in Sau1 R-M complex were detected by PCR, we found five complex types such as M1, R2M2, R2M2, R2M2S1, and R2M2S2. Coagulase serotype I, VI, and VIII of MSSA were M1, R2M2 and R2M2, respectively. SCCmec type II and coagulase serotype II, SCCmec type III and coagulase serotype III, SCCmec type IV and coagulase serotype V, and SCCmec type IV and coagulase serotype IV, VII of MRSA were Sau1 R-M complex type R2M2S1, R2M2, R2M2, and R2M2S2, respectively. Taken together, correlation between Sau1 R-M complex types and coagulase or SCCmec types of S. aureus was found.
Adenosine ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coagulase ; Genes, vif ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus

Henoch-Sh nlein Purpura(HSP) is an immuologically mediated systemic vasculitis of small blood vessels affecting predominantly the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, and kidneys. Clinical neurological manifestations such as headaches, behavioral changes, mental changes, seizures, and visual loss are described, but neurological complication are rare during the course of HSP. We experienced a case of an 8 year-old male with HSP who presented with seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed multiple high signal intensity in both cortical and subcortical areas of frontal and parieto-occipital lobes and magnetic resonance(MR) angiogram showed stenosis of cerebral arteries, compatible with MRI and MR angiogram findings of cerebral vasculitis. We report this case with related literature.
Blood Vessels ; Cerebral Arteries ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Headache ; Humans ; Joints ; Kidney ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Purpura* ; Seizures ; Skin ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System*

This study was conducted to provide basic data on physiological and hematological characteristics, and organ weights of beagle dogs. A total of 237 beagle dogs were used to determine differences in physiological and hematological parameters, and organ weights depending on sex and age. The respiratory rate of both sexes tended to increase as they grew older and the female heart rate was slightly higher than that of males. Male and female body weights increased rapidly to 33 weeks old followed by a gradual increase to 41-weeks-old. The relative weight of the brain was negatively correlated with body weight, whereas the weight of reproductive organs was positively correlated with body weight. The platelet count of female dogs was slightly higher than that of males. The red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit of both sexes increased non-significantly with age. In the leukocyte differential count, the neutrophils, and eosinophils of both sexes tended to increase as they grew older, whereas basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes decreased. In the serum biochemical profiles, alkaline phosphatase was slightly higher in males than females, while the total cholesterol of female dogs at 9-months-old was higher than that of males at the same age. Other biochemical components, including alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, and total protein increased non-significantly with age in both sexes. To conclude, we observe no significant physiological or hematological differences with sex or age, although decreasing and increasing trends were detected with some parameters. These data provide valuable reference indices of the normal physiological and hematological characteristics of beagle dogs, which should prove useful in toxicological and pharmacological studies.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Basophils ; Biochemistry ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Body Weight ; Brain ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Dogs ; Eosinophils ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hematocrit ; Hematology ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Organ Size ; Platelet Count ; Respiratory Rate ; Urology

Oxidative damage is thought to be a major cause of the progression of dopamine (DA)rgic neurodegeneration as in Parkinson's disease. We have previously reported that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an endogenous molecule required for DA synthesis, exerts oxidative stress to DA-producing cells and facilitates the production of DA quinone. It is known that aconitase, present in both mitochondrial and cytosolic forms, act as an reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensor, and that their inactivation leads to further generation of ROS. In the present study we investigated whether the BH4-associated vulnerability of DA cells might involve aconitase. In DArgic cell line CATH.a, BH4 treatment caused reduction of activity of both mitochondrial and cytosolic aconitases, and this appeared to be due to direct inactivation of the pre-existing enzyme molecules. Although most of the activity reduced by BH4 was increased upon reactivation reaction under a reducing condition, the restoration was not complete, suggesting that irreversible and covalent modification has occurred. The aconitase inactivation was exacerbated in the presence of DA and attenuated in the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor a-methyl-p-tyrosine, suggesting the involvement of DA. The degree of inactivation increased when the cells were treated with the quinone reductase inhibitor dicoumarol and decreased in the presence of quinone reductase inducer sulforaphane. Taken together, BH4 appeared to lead to both reversible and irreversible inactivation of aconitase and that this is facilitated by the presence of DA and accumulation of DA quinone.
Aconitate Hydratase ; Benzoquinones ; Biopterin ; Cell Line ; Cytosol ; Dicumarol ; Dopamine ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Thiocyanates ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

This study aimed to assess the influence of different cross-sectional area on the cyclic fatigue fracture of Ni-Ti rotary files using a fatigue tester incorporating cyclical axial movement. Six brands of Ni-Ti rotary files (ISO 30 size with .04 taper) of 10 each were tested: Alpha system (KOMET), HeroShaper (MicroMega), K3 (SybronEndo), Mtwo (VDW), NRT (Mani), and ProFile (Dentsply). A fatigue-tester (Denbotix) was designed to allow cyclic tension and compressive stress on the tip of the instrument. Each file was mounted on a torque controlled motor (Aseptico) using a 1:20 reduction contra-angle and was rotated at 300 rpm with a continuous, 6 mm axial oscillating motion inside an artificial steel canal. The canal had a 60degrees angle and a 5 mm radius of curvature. Instrument fracture was visually detected and the time until fracture was recorded by a digital stop watch. The data were analyzed statistically. Fractographic analysis of all fractured surfaces was performed to determine the fracture modes using a scanning electron microscope. Cross-sectional area at 3 mm from the tip of 3 unused Ni-Ti instruments for each group was calculated using Image-Pro Plus (Imagej 1.34n, NIH). Results showed that NRT and ProFile had significantly longer time to fracture compared to the other groups (p < .05). The cross-sectional area was not significantly associated with fatigue resistance. Fractographycally, all fractured surfaces demonstrated a combination of ductile and brittle fracture. In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between fatigue resistance and the cross-sectional area of Ni-Ti instruments under experimental conditions.
Electrons ; Fatigue ; Fractures, Stress ; Nickel ; Radius ; Steel ; Titanium ; Torque

Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, DDS), a potent anti-inflammatory agent, is widely used in the treatment of leprosy and several chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Dapsone therapy rarely results in development of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, which is characterized by fever, hepatitis, generalized exfoliative dermatitis, and lymphadenopathy. Here, we describe the case of an 11-year-old Korean boy who initially presented with high fever, a morbilliform skin rash, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and leukopenia after 6 weeks of dapsone intake. Subsequently, he exhibited cholecystitis, gingivitis, colitis, sepsis, aseptic meningitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, pneumonia, pleural effusions, peritonitis, bronchiectatic changes, exfoliative dermatitis, and acute renal failure. After 2 months of supportive therapy, and prednisolone and antibiotic administration, most of the systemic symptoms resolved, with the exception of exfoliative dermatitis and erythema, which ameliorated over the following 4 months. Agranulocytosis, atypical lymphocytosis, aseptic meningitis, and bronchiectatic changes along with prolonged systemic symptoms with exfoliative dermatitis were the most peculiar features of the present case.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Agranulocytosis ; Bronchiectasis ; Child ; Cholecystitis ; Colitis ; Dapsone ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Gingivitis ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Leprosy ; Leukopenia ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocytosis ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Peritonitis ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Prednisolone ; Sepsis ; Skin Diseases