In the spring of 2011, a cluster of lung injuries caused by humidifier disinfectant (HD) usage were reported in Korea. Many patients required mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and even lung transplantation (LTPL). However, the long-term course of HD-associated lung injury remains unclear because the majority of survivors recovered normal lung function. Here we report a 33-year-old woman who underwent LTPL approximately four years after severe HD-associated lung injury. The patient was initially admitted to the intensive care unit and was supported by a high-flow nasal cannula. Although she had been discharged, she was recurrently admitted to our hospital due to progressive lung fibrosis and a persistent decline in lung function. Finally, sequential double LTPL was successfully performed, and the patient's clinical and radiological findings showed significant improvement. Therefore, we conclude that LTPL can be a therapeutic option for patients with chronic inhalation injury.
Adult ; Catheters ; Disinfectants ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Humidifiers* ; Inhalation ; Inhalation Exposure ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Lung Injury* ; Lung Transplantation* ; Lung* ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Survivors

Metastatic tumors to the heart are far more frequent than primary tumors of the heart. Cardiac metastasis may be detected up to 30 percent of patients with fatal lung cancers. Metastatic cancer to the heart is difficult to suspect. Where cardiac metastasis is diagnosed ante-mortem, signs and symptoms of the primary cancer are usually the presenting features and the presence of cardiac involvement is often incidentally detected. We experienced a case of 35-year-old woman with metastatic lung cancer invading the left atrium via pulmonary vein, which was not proved pathologically. She presented with hemoptysis and chest pain. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated massive cardiac infiltration with tumor and decreased cardiac wall motion, correlating with the chest CT findings, which were also remarkable for the presence of intracardiac mass and direct invasion to adherent pericardium, pulmonary vein and left atrium. We suggest that careful examination of 2D echocardiography can be noninvasive and valuable tool for diagnosis of metastatic cancer to the heart.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Large Cell* ; Chest Pain ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Atria* ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pericardium ; Pulmonary Veins ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Neointimal hyperplasia causes vascular stenosis and subsequent thrombosis, which result in vascular access failure in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are involved in this inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vascular access failure and various inflammatory markers including the genetic polymorphisms of IL-10 and TNF-alpha. Seventy-five patients on hemodialysis with an arteriovenous fistula in place or an artificial graft (18 with vascular access failure and 82 without failure) and 98 healthy individuals were genotyped for IL-10 and TNF-alpha single nucleotide polymorphisms. Clinical and laboratory data including serum IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels were compared. Stimulated IL-10 levels, from in vitro incubation of blood with lipopolysaccharide, were also obtained and compared. Female gender, hypoproteinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with vascular access failure. The basal TNF-alpha level was significantly higher in patients with access failure. The distribution of IL-10 and TNF-alpha genotype did not differ among patients with or without access failure. This study could not demonstrate a relationship between genetic polymorphisms and vascular access failure. However, an altered immune response and inflammation might contribute to vascular access failure.
Adult ; Aged ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/*adverse effects ; Catheters, Indwelling/*adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10/blood/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Renal Dialysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood/*genetics

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the causes, symptoms, and complications of hypoproteinemia to prevent hypoproteinemia and provide appropriate treatment to children with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis with hypoproteinemia and/or hypoalbuminemia were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ medical records, including family history, weight, symptoms, treatment, complications, and laboratory test results for allergies and skin cultures, were examined. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (24 boys) were enrolled. Seven cases had growth retardation; 7, keratoconjunctivitis; 6, aural discharges; 5, eczema herpeticum; 4, gastrointestinal tract symptoms; and 2, developmental delays. In 21 cases, topical steroids were not used. According to the blood test results, the median values of each parameter were elevated: total IgE, 1,864 U/mL; egg white-specific IgE, 76.5 kU(A)/L; milk IgE, 20.5 kU(A)/L; peanut IgE, 30 kU(A)/L; eosinophil count, 5,810/μL; eosinophil cationic protein, 93.45 μg/L; and platelet count, 666.5×10³/μL. Serum albumin and total protein levels decreased to 2.7 g/dL and 4.25 g/dL, respectively. Regarding electrolyte abnormality, 10 patients had hyponatremia, and 12, hyperkalemia. Systemic antibiotics were used to treat all cases, and an antiviral agent was used in 12 patients. Electrolyte correction was performed in 8 patients. CONCLUSION: Hypoproteinemia accompanying atopic dermatitis is common in infants younger than 1 year and may occur because of topical steroid treatment continuously being declined or because of eczema herpeticum. It may be accompanied by growth retardation, keratoconjunctivitis, aural discharge, and eczema herpeticum and can be managed through skin care and topical steroid application without intravenous albumin infusion.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arachis ; Child ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; Eosinophils ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hyponatremia ; Hypoproteinemia* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant ; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption ; Keratoconjunctivitis ; Medical Records ; Milk ; Ovum ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; Skin ; Skin Care ; Steroids

Prolotherapy is a non-surgical injection treatment method that repeatedly injects small amounts of proliferators into damaged ligaments, tendon, joints and surrounding tissues. The most common proliferator is a high concentration of glucose solution. Glucose solutions with a concentration of 10-25% are commonly used. Prolotherapy using glucose solution has few serious adverse events, but common side effects include post injection pain, stiffness, edema, and mild bleeding. There are many cases of complaining of pain caused by injection during or after prolotherapy. Some patients give up treatment if the pain is severe. A 43-year-old male patient visited the hospital with both elbow pain and left wrist pain, and prolotherapy was performed. In order to minimize pain during procedure and post injection pain of the patient, 10% glucose solution with 0.5% lidocaine was injected using a very fine needle of 30 G. The total number of treatments was eight. The patient did not complain of pain caused by needle insertion during procedure and post-injection pain. Chronic pain that lasted for two years after treatment almost disappeared. The patient was very satisfied with this treatment method and result.

Approximately 13–20% of infants with milk allergies concurrently exhibit beef allergies. Here, we report a 24-month-old infant who exhibited both pork and beef allergies, concurrently with a milk allergy. The infant's laboratory test results were: 3.73 ISU-E (ISAC standardized unit for IgE) for cow milk β-lactoglobulin, 23.8 ISU-E for casein, 12.8 ISU-E for cow milk Bos d 6 of serum albumin, and 4.85 ISU-E for cat Fel d 2. This case report summarizes an infant patient diagnosed with a meat allergy that was associated with cow's milk allergy, using ImmunoCAP ISAC®. Not only ImmunoCAP ISAC® but also immunocap can be used to diagnose milk allergy and meat allergy at the same time, immunocap testing for component antigen is rare. ImmunoCAP ISAC® is used to diagnose these allergies in our case study, as it has advantage that only 1ml of blood is needed to run various component antigen tests.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Atrioventricular Block ; Bradycardia ; Caseins ; Cats ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Infant ; Meat ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk ; Red Meat ; Serum Albumin

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common bacterial strain causing atypical pneumonia in children and adolencents. Although it is known to cause mild symptoms, it can also cause severe pulmonary or extrapulmonary complications in rare cases. Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is often reported as a complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae and is very rarely caused by M. pneumoniae. We report a case in which a 5-year-old boy was diagnosed with lobar pneumonia with symptoms that aggravated even with macrolide antibiotic treatment. Anti-mycoplasma pneumoniae Ig-M test yielded high values, and direct polymerase chain reaction results were also positive. NP caused by M. pneumoniae was confirmed on computed tomography. After treatment involving tosufloxacin and systemic steroid, the lesion decreased in size and improved gradually when followed-up for more than 1 year. The patient did not have any predisposing or risk factors for NP.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Mycoplasma ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in interpersonal relationships, behavioral patterns, and emotional states of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their caregivers immediately after the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu, South Korea. Methods: A total of 147 patients and 147 caregivers participated in the Survey for Outing and Time Usage for Child, Adolescent, and Parents and the COVID-19 Visual Analog Scale for Emotion. We classified the patients and their caregivers into the internalizing disorder (ID) and externalizing disorder (ED) groups and compared the changes. Results: Parent–child relationships for adolescent patients and caregivers were interrupted, and friend relationships in all participants were disrupted, while sibling relationships improved in adolescent patients. They experienced negative emotional changes. Time spent outdoor decreased and digital screen time increased for all participants. Friend and parent–child relationships were interrupted in the ED group compared to those in the ID group. ED patients experienced negative changes in emotional states, while ID patients showed no significant changes. Conclusion Results are meaningful as a reference for predicting changes in interpersonal relationships and mental status of pediatric psychiatric patients and for determining healthcare system adaptations to allow mental health support during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Coronary artery disease(CAD), such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and sudden death has been considered the major cause of death for decades and their incidence and prevalence are still increasing. Numerous studies have been done on the risk factor analysis of CAD. But, they were usually based on the clinical and epidemiologic studies of the living patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the cardiovascular diseases in autopsy cases from Korean men. The author analysed 81 cases of heart who underwent legal autopsy from Aug. to Dec. 1998. The author measured percent stenosis of coronary artery, site of stenosis, perimeter of aorta, heart weight, body weight, and height and checked the past history including smoking, drinking and age. The results were as follows: 1) Coronary artery stenosis had a positive correlation with age, perimeter of aorta and smoking, but had no correlation with body weight, height, body mass index, heart weight, and drinking. 2) According to the logistic regression analysis, smoking amount and age were significantly associated with coronary artery stenosis. In conclusion, smoking was the most significant independent variable for coronary artery stenosis of some Korean men.
Aorta ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Autopsy* ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Stenosis* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death, Sudden ; Drinking ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in interpersonal relationships, behavioral patterns, and emotional states of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their caregivers immediately after the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu, South Korea. Methods: A total of 147 patients and 147 caregivers participated in the Survey for Outing and Time Usage for Child, Adolescent, and Parents and the COVID-19 Visual Analog Scale for Emotion. We classified the patients and their caregivers into the internalizing disorder (ID) and externalizing disorder (ED) groups and compared the changes. Results: Parent–child relationships for adolescent patients and caregivers were interrupted, and friend relationships in all participants were disrupted, while sibling relationships improved in adolescent patients. They experienced negative emotional changes. Time spent outdoor decreased and digital screen time increased for all participants. Friend and parent–child relationships were interrupted in the ED group compared to those in the ID group. ED patients experienced negative changes in emotional states, while ID patients showed no significant changes. Conclusion Results are meaningful as a reference for predicting changes in interpersonal relationships and mental status of pediatric psychiatric patients and for determining healthcare system adaptations to allow mental health support during the COVID-19 outbreak.