We performed a clinicopathological study of nineteen patients with chronic inflammatory nodose lesions of the legs which responded to the treatment with isolniazid. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Seven patients had a personal or family history of tuberculcsis and all patients showed a high tuberculin sensitivity. But, no one showed the evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. The inflammatory nodules and swelling of the legs were resolved within 12 months in all cases. Resolution of the nodules was more rapid than that of leg swelling. 3. The clinical characteristics of the patients with chronic inflanimatory nodules were the same as those of the cases with erythema nodosum or erytiema induratum reported previously in Korea. The basic histopathologic process of inflarr matory nodules seemed to be vasculitis.
Erythema Nodosum ; Humans ; Isoniazid* ; Korea ; Leg* ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Vasculitis

A pseudoaneurysm is a collection of blood that locates between the two outer layers of an artery, the muscularis propria and the adventitia. It is resulted from disruption of a portion of the arterial wall. A pseudoaneurysm can be caused by trauma, blood vessel intervention, intravenous drug use, vasculitis, infectious aneurysm, and postoperative anastomotic leakage. The pseudoaneurysm of superior thyroid artery after core needle biopsy is rare. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm caused by thyroid core needle biopsy and treated by surgical treatment.
Adventitia ; Anastomotic Leak ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Arteries* ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle* ; Blood Vessels ; Thyroid Gland* ; Vasculitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features of nonlactiferous breast abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed ultrasonograms of 21 cases with surgically and clinically proved nonlactiferous breast abscess. The cases included 17 cases of acute or chronic inflammation and 4 cases of tuberculosis. RESULTS: Location of the lesion was subareolar in 15 cases and peripheral in 6. Mean anteroposterior/transverse diameter ratio was 0.49. Internal echogenicitiy of the lesion was variable, with heterogeneous mixed-echoic echotexture in 18 cases and homogeneous hypoechoic in 3. Margin of the lesion was irregular in 18 cases(85.7%) and posterior sonic enhancement was observed in 17 cases(81%). There were also noted obliteration of adjacent superficial fascia, localized skin thickening, and sinus tract or ductal ectasia in 19(90.5%), 9 (42.9%), and 9(42.9%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Major ultrasonographic findings of nonlactiferous breast abscess was subareolar located, variable shaped mass with posterior enhancement. Additional findings were fistular formation, loss of superficial fascia, and axillary lymphadenopathy.
Abscess* ; Breast* ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Inflammation ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features of nonlactiferous breast abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed ultrasonograms of 21 cases with surgically and clinically proved nonlactiferous breast abscess. The cases included 17 cases of acute or chronic inflammation and 4 cases of tuberculosis. RESULTS: Location of the lesion was subareolar in 15 cases and peripheral in 6. Mean anteroposterior/transverse diameter ratio was 0.49. Internal echogenicitiy of the lesion was variable, with heterogeneous mixed-echoic echotexture in 18 cases and homogeneous hypoechoic in 3. Margin of the lesion was irregular in 18 cases(85.7%) and posterior sonic enhancement was observed in 17 cases(81%). There were also noted obliteration of adjacent superficial fascia, localized skin thickening, and sinus tract or ductal ectasia in 19(90.5%), 9 (42.9%), and 9(42.9%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Major ultrasonographic findings of nonlactiferous breast abscess was subareolar located, variable shaped mass with posterior enhancement. Additional findings were fistular formation, loss of superficial fascia, and axillary lymphadenopathy.
Abscess* ; Breast* ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Inflammation ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonography

Malignant fistula of the small bowel to the colon is rare and is most often due to adenocarcinoma. Small bowel lymphoma is unusual, representing less than 1 percent of all gastrointestinal malignancies. We report a case of intestinal lymphoma presenting with diarrhea and abdominal pain. A jejunocolic fistula was discovered during colonoscopy. Celiotomy revealed a large, ulcerated fistula tract between the jejunum and distal transverse colon, and pathology was consistent with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. This is a rare entity in a nonimmunocompromised individual and has not been previously described in Korea.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonoscopy ; Diarrhea ; Fistula ; Jejunum ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Ulcer

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of these carcinomas are not well known. Abnormalities of genomic methylation patterns have been attributed a role in carcinogenesis and local de novo methylation at tumor suppressor loci was held to be involved in silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Using Ms APPCR, we previously isolated a hypermethylated fragment corresponded to the 5'end of TPEF gene from primary liver and lung cancer cells. To confirm the inactivation of TPEF gene by hypermethylation in HNSCC, we investigated correlation between methylation pattern and expression of TPEF in 10 HNSCC cell lines. In methylation analysis such as combined-bisulfite restriction analysis(COBRA) and bisulfite sequencing, only RPMI 2650 showed none methylated pattern and another 9 cell lines showed dense methylation. The TPEF gene expression level analysis using RT-PCR showed that these 9 cell lines had not or significantly low expression levels of TPEF as compared with RPMI 2650. In addition, the increase of TPEF reexpression by 5-AzaC as demethylating agent in 9 cell lines also indicated that TPEF expression was regulated by hypermethylation. These results of this study demonstrate that epigenetic silencing of TPEF gene by aberrant methylation could play an important role in HNSCC carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Line* ; DNA Methylation* ; DNA* ; Epigenomics ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Head* ; Liver ; Lung Neoplasms ; Methylation ; Neck*

PURPOSE: We investigated systemic risk factors for clinically significant macula edema (CSME) within 1 year after pan-retinal photocoagulation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 171 patients who received pan-retinal photocoagulation at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2016. The patients were divided into Group Ⅰ with CSME (85 eyes) and Group II without CSME (86 eyes). The associations between presence of CSME and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), duration of diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), lipid status, sex, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated. RESULTS: In the present study of 171 patients, there was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between the two groups. Duration of diabetes, total serum cholesterol, serum low density lipoprotein, HbA1c, and eGFR were significantly higher in patients with CSME (p < 0.05). Serum high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, BMI, and systolic and diastolic BP showed no correlation with CSME. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that total serum cholesterol and HbA1c values had significantly high odds of developing CSME. CONCLUSIONS: HbA1c, total serum cholesterol, and eGFR are important risk factors associated with CSME in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy secondary to pan-retinal photocoagulation. Thus, early detection of these risk factors and their control have significant roles in preventing the development and progression of maculopathy and thereby preventing severe visual loss.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Edema ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

Cholesterol crystal embolism caused by showers of cholesterol emboli from an atherosclerotic aorta is a multisystem disorder that affects many organs. Common signs and symptoms on presentation include skin findings and renal failure. However, myositis due to a cholesterol embolism is uncommon. We report a rare case of cholesterol crystal embolism that presented with features of focal and foot necrosis in an 83-year-old woman.
Aorta ; Cholesterol ; Embolism ; Embolism, Cholesterol ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Myositis ; Necrosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Skin

More than 90% cases of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding can be diagnosed by upper endoscopy and/or colonoscopy, and therefore, obscure gastrointestinal bleeding has been defined as bleeding of unknown origin that persists after these conventional endoscopic evaluation. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors, but the most common form of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Small bowel is the second most common primary site for GISTs, and accounts for 2-10% of chronic bleeding sites. GISTs usually present as a sporadic and solitary tumor, and a minority of the cases of multiple GISTs are discovered as forms of hereditary or idiopathic tumor syndromes. Small bowel tumor has been difficult to diagnose because of absence of accurate and proper diagnostic tools. Recently developed wireless capsule endoscopy helps in the diagnostic work-up of small bowel diseases. We report a case of multiple jejunal GISTs presenting melena in a 39-year-old male, which was diagnosed with wireless capsule endoscopy.
Adult ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Jejunal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Male ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rapid urease tests are used commonly for the detection of H. pylori. These tests are inexpensive and can be done easily and rapidly in the endoscopy room. A new rapid urease test, Hp Kit test, was developed for the first time in Korea. The test kit has two wells for two biopsies taken from each gastric antrum and corpus. We performed this study to estimate the diagnostic usefulness of Hp Kit test for the detection of H. pylori. METHODS: In one hundred patients undergoing gastroscopy, biopsy specimens were taken for Hp Kit test, polymerase chain reaction, culture, and histologic examination (Warthin-Starry stain). The 13C-urea breath test was also performed. The results of Hp Kit test were read after 2 hours. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of Hp Kit test to diagnose H. pylori infection were 90.0%, 97.5%, 98.2%, and 86.7%, respectively. The positive reactions in only one well were observed in 12.9% of true positives with Hp Kit test. The reaction times of the Hp Kit test were 35.2+/-21.4, 26.6+/-15.3, and 17.8+/-15.8 minutes (mean+/-S.D.) at grade 1, 2, and 3, respectively (r=-0.3, p<0.05), therefore the results were usually observed within 1 hour. CONCLUSIONS: Hp Kit test has a high sensitivity and specificity, and may be used as an alternative rapid urease test to diagnose H. pylori infection.
Biopsy ; Breath Tests ; Endoscopy ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyloric Antrum ; Reaction Time ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urease