Stem cells and regenerative medicine are emerging and promising fields both in academic and industry points of views. They are currently under active investigation worldwide and their market size is expected to grow rapidly in the near future. The Korean government is also investing a huge amount of money on these fields to promote R&D and product commercialization. However, its technical maturity is still in its infant state and many hurdles should be resolved to accelerate technology to business. I can definitely say that we have to focus in the future on innovations in technology, regulations and reimbursement. In particular, the importance of translational research and clinical studies are of no doubt in the stem cells and regenerative medicine. I am going to deal with some of these issues in more detail in the main text.
Commerce ; Humans ; Infant ; Regenerative Medicine ; Social Control, Formal ; Stem Cells ; Translational Medical Research

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of dexamethasone(D) on blood pressure(BP) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 10 infants with BPD(mean birth weight: 1,383+/-17 gm, mean gestational age: 29.0+/-1.7 weeks) treated with D at Wonkwang University Hospital from January 1994 to June 1998. D was started at 0.5 mg/kg/day intravenously for first week, followed by 0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg/day for second and third week, respectively. Changes in BP during pre-D, 1st wk(D1), 2ndwk(D2), 3rd wk(D3), and post-D periods were compared using Turkey Kramer multiple comparison test. RESULTS: Mean systolic pressure(sBP) significantly increased in Dl, D2, D3 compared to pre-D(63+1.3, P<0.01; 66+1.7, P<0.001; 683.4, P<0.001 vs 591.9 mmHg, respectively) but significantly decreased in post-D compared to D3(64+/-2.4 mmHg, P<0.05). Mean diastolic pressure(dBP) significantly increased in D2 and D3 compared to pre-D(42+/-1.1, P<0.001; 43+/-2.6, P<0.001, vs 382.1 mmHg, respectively). Mean dBP deed slightly in post-D(41+/-4.1 mrnHg, P>0.05). The sBP and dBP significantly increased from day 2 after initiation of D and were highest on day 17 and 17-18 of 3rd week, respectively. The number of hypertensive infants who were considered for antihypertensive medications were 2(20%) for sBP >or= 80-90 mmHg, 3(30%) for dBP >or= 50 mmHg and 1(10%) for dBP> or =60 mmHg. These infants, however, remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Significant elevation of BP was observed during dexamethasone therapy for infants with BPD especially after 2nd day. However, BP elevation was transient, not requiring antihypertensive medications.
Birth Weight ; Blood Pressure* ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Dexamethasone* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Retrospective Studies ; Turkey

PURPOSE: This study was a part of a drive to develop a community health center-based hospice management model which is concerned with hospice care at a community health care setting and available resources of the local community. METHODS: Development of a community health center-based hospice management model involved evaluation of existing hospice-related research, including literature review, and research on hospice facilities at the study site, as well as evaluation of model operation. The latter involved community health center-based hospice test operation, and evaluation of test operation by a research team, including of a nursing professor majoring in hospice care and staffs from a community health center in Busan metropolitan city, regional cancer center, and regional terminal cancer patient medical institute. The study was conducted in the 2008 calendar year. RESULTS: The community health center-based hospice management model provides service linked with local community resources, focusing on the local community health center. Financial and administrative assistance is provided by the regional cancer center, with collaboration from academic health care professionals who guide the operation management. The community health center hospice nurse in consultation with a visiting nurse team registers terminally-ill cancer patients and, after assessment, the hospice team prioritize hospice care during team meeting. Care is delivered by staffs and volunteers. CONCLUSION: The developed community health center-based hospice operation management model maximally utilizes available community health resources to produce qualitative improvement of regional health and welfare policy through improving the lives of home-based cancer patients and their family who are in medical blind spot.
Community Health Centers ; Community Health Nursing ; Community Health Services ; Cooperative Behavior ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Resources ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Models, Organizational ; Optic Disk ; Organization and Administration ; Pilot Projects

We investigated the distribution of medical service uses for Bell’s palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome between medicine and traditional Korean medicine using the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data of Korea from 2006 to 2015. Patients were identified with diagnostic codes and medication or treatment claim codes. For Bell’s palsy, there were 5,970 (68.8%) patients who used traditional Korean medical service only, whereas for Ramsay Hunt syndrome, there were 749 (93.6%) patients who used medical service only.The proportion of traditional Korean medical service use was higher than that of medical service use in patients with Bell’s palsy, while the opposite was found in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

In monolayer culture, articular chondrocytes are well known to proliferate and dedifferentiate by seum and transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta). These dedifferentiated cells regain the ability to express type II collagen in alginate bead culture. In this study, the effects of human serum and TGF-beta on the proliferation and phenotypical change of human chondrocytes were examined in both monolayer and alginate bead culture. Proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell counting, chondrocytic phenotype by Western blot analysis of type II collagen expression, and proteoglycan synthesis by dimethylmethylene blue assay. Both human serum and TGF-beta synergistically increased the proliferation of chondrocytes in monolayer culture. Human serum had effect to maintain the type II collagen expression, even with enhanced level, in monolayer culture and showed redifferentiation in alginate culture, similar to fetal bovine serum control. TGF-beta enhanced the production of proteoglycan in monolayer culture. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that human serum and TGF-beta could be used as potent additives to increase chondrocyte proliferation and maintain its phenotype.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Count ; Chondrocytes* ; Collagen Type II ; Humans* ; Phenotype ; Proteoglycans ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to figure out the correlation of hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of consecutive 380 postmenopausal women (age> or =50, FSH>40IU/L and triglyceride[TG]<400 mg/dl) visiting health promotion center at Samsung Cheil Hospital from March 1997 to July 1998. We measured blood pressure by automatic sphygmomanometer (A & Dco.LTD.TM-2654) and divided them into four groups by blood pressure (Group I:systolic blood pressure[SBP]< 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure[DBP]<80 mmHg, n=87. Group II:SBP 120-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 mmHg, n=109. Group III: SBP 140-159 mmHg or DBP 90-99 mmHg, n=127. Group IV: SBP> or =160 mmHg or DBP> or =100 mmHg, n=57). We measured thier body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We also measured their levels of glucose, total cholesterol and TG by automatic biochemical analyzer (Hitachi 7150) and HDL cholesterol by direct method using AutoDAIICHI reagent. We calculated LDL cholesterol levels by Friedewald formula. RESULTS: MI, WHR and glucose level of group IV were significantly higher than those of group I. But there were no significant differences among the groups in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. HDL cholesterol level of group I was statistically higher than that of group IV. TG level and LDL cholesterol/apo B ratio of group IV were significantly higher and lower than those of other groups respectively. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women who had moderate or severe hypertension show the trend toward abdominal obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia. We might have to pay attention to these metabolic abnormalities in postmenopausal women with hypertension.
Apolipoproteins ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dyslipidemias* ; Female ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Menopause ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Sphygmomanometers ; Waist-Hip Ratio

The role of sphingomyelinase (SMase) activation and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in cellular apoptosis was investigated during the hyperthermic treatment of HL-60 human leukemia cells. Treating the cells for 1 h at 43oC caused more than 50% of cellular apoptosis within several hours. The neutral-SMase activity in the cells treated for 1 h at 42degrees C was slightly increased but decreased in the cells treated at 43degrees C or 44degrees C for the same period whereas the acid SMase activity was slightly increased after heating the cells at 42degrees C and 43degrees C and markedly increased at 44degrees C for 1 h. Treatment of cells with inhibitors of SMase activation and ceramide formation significantly reduced the heat-induced apoptosis. Three major families of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) i.e. ERK1/2, p38 and JNK, were activated by the hyperthermic treatment of cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 with PD98059 exerted little effect on the heat-induced apoptosis and p38 inhibition with SB203580 slightly lessened apoptosis whereas, inhibition of JNK with SP600125 markedly suppressed the heat-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that heat-shock induced the activation of SMase, particularly acid-SMase, thereby causing apoptosis and that JNK played a pivotal role in heat-induced apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells.
Apoptosis/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; HL-60 Cells ; Heat ; Human ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/*metabolism ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/*metabolism

Although venous thrombosis is one of the most frequent complications of malignant disease including multiple myeloma, massive pulmonary embolism is an uncommon complication. Free-floating intracardiac thrombus has been rarely reported as a cause of acute pulmonary embolism in patients with multiple myeloma. We report a case presenting acute pulmonary embolism due to free-floating right atrial thrombus in a patient with multiple myeloma.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) are the primary inhibitory GAGs for neuronal growth after central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, the inhibitory or permissive activity of CS-GAG subtypes is controversial and depends on the physiological needs of CNS tissues. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and effects of CS-GAGs on axonal growth, which was isolated from the brain cortices of normal rat embryo at E18, normal adult rat brain and injured adult rat brain. METHODS: Isolated CS-GAGs from embryo, normal adult, and injured adult rat brains were used for analyzing their effect on attachment and axonal growth using modified spot assay with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants and cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). CS-GAGs were separated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the subtypes of CS-GAGs were analyzed. RESULTS: CS-GAGs of all three groups inhibited CGN attachment and axonal growth of DRGs. However, CS-GAGs of normal adult rat brain exhibited higher inhibitory activity than those of the other groups in both assays. When subtypes of CS-GAGs were analyzed using HPLC, CS-A (4S) was the most abundant in all three groups and found in largest amount in normal adult rat brain. In contrast, unsulfated CS (CS0) and CS-C (6S) were more abundant by 3–4-folds in E18 group than in the two adult groups. CONCLUSION When compared with the normal adult rat brain, injured rat brain showed relatively similar patterns to that of embryonic rat brain at E18 in the expression of CS subtypes and their inhibitory effect on axonal growth. This phenomenon could be due to differential expression of CS-GAGs subtypes causing decrease in the amount of CS-A and mature-type CS proteoglycan core proteins.

Objective: Dietary factors are important contributors to obesity and related metabolic disorders. Few studies have evaluated the impact of dietary habits (e.g., breakfast consumption frequency and meal regularity) on metabolic health. We investigated the effects of breakfast consumption frequency and meal time regularity on nutrient intake and cardiometabolic status in Korean adults. Methods: Participants without diagnosed diseases (n=217) were examined for anthropometric and biochemical parameters, lifestyle, dietary habits, and nutrient intake.They were categorized into 4 groups by breakfast consumption frequency (≥6 or <6 times/ week) and meal time regularity (regular or irregular): breakfast ≥6 times/week and regular eating (HBRE), breakfast ≥6 times/week and irregular eating (HBIE), breakfast <6 times/week and regular eating (LBRE) and breakfast <6 times/week and irregular eating (LBIE). Results: Participants in the LBIE group were the youngest, had higher waist circumference, body mass index, triglyceride levels, and inflammation, and consumed the highest daily total caloric intake (TCI), the highest proportion of fats, and the lowest proportion of carbohydrates. The LBIE group also had the lowest proportion of energy intake at breakfast and the highest proportion at dinner. The LBIE group consumed the lowest amounts of fiber, beta-carotene, vitamin K, folate, calcium and iron, and had the highest prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake for TCI, protein, vitamins A, C, B6, and B12, folate, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper. Conclusion Regular breakfast consumption and meal times are related to healthy lifestyle habits and adequate nutrient intake, which affect metabolic health, thereby helping prevent obesity and related metabolic disorders.