Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to demonstrate high incidence and mortality rates, emphasizing that implementing strategic measures for prevention and treatment is crucial. Recently, the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), a G protein-coupled receptor, has been reported to play multiple roles in growth of tumor cells. This study investigated the anticancer potential of domperidone, a dopamine receptor D2 antagonist, in HCT116 human CRC cells. Domperidone demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent reductions in cell viability, thereby inducing apoptosis. The molecular mechanism revealed that domperidone modulated the mitochondrial pathway, decreasing mitochondrial Bcl-2 levels, elevating cytosolic cytochrome C expression, and triggering caspase-3, -7, and -9 cleavage. Domperidone decreased in formation of β-arrestin2/MEK complex, which contributing to inhibition of ERK activation. Additionally, treatment with domperidone diminished JAK2 and STAT3 activation. Treatment of U0126, the MEK inhibitor, resulted in reduced phosphorylation of MEK, ERK, and STAT3 without alteration of JAK2 activation, indicating that domperidone targeted both MEK-ERK-STAT3 and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways. Immunoblot analysis revealed that domperidone also downregulated DRD2 expression. Domperidone-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and N-acetylcysteine treatment mitigated ROS levels and restored cell viability. An in vivo xenograft study verified the significant antitumor effects of domperidone. These results emphasize the multifaceted anticancer effects of domperidone, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for human CRC.

We report 4 cases of malignant thymoma which were composed of 2 cases of invasive thymoma and 2 cases of thymic carcinoma. The cytologic findings of invasive thymoma were similar to those of benign thymoma. The distinctive cytologic features of thymic carcinoma were necrotic background, irregular clusters and individually scattered arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells, and some scattered mature small lymphocytes. These findings may be found in the Hodgkin's lymphoma, seminoma, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the lung. But, the feature of irregular clustering of anaplastic epithelial cell having scanty cytoplasm was different from Hodgkin's lymphoma and seminoma. Clinical and radiologic findings as well as cytologic finding were helpful in differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.
Breast ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Seminoma ; Thymoma ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

The authors analysed 2,653 cases of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology of the lung to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and its limitation. A comparison was made between the original cytologic and the final histologic diagnoses on 1,149 cases from 1,074 patients. A diagnosis of malignancy was established in 38.3% benign in 48.1%, atypical lesion in 2.3%, and inadequate one in 11.9% of the cases. Statistical data on cytologic diagnoses were as follows; specificity 98.9%: sensitivity of procedure, 76.8%: sensitivity of diagnosis, 95.5%: false positive 5 cases: false negative 18 cases: predictive value for malignancy, 98.8%: predictive value for benign lesion, 79.5%: overall diagnostic efficiency, 87.5%: typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 80%.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea* ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome* ; Humans ; Lung ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are believed to be chemically inert agents, but larger PEG polymers could have immunogenicity. A 39-year-old man was referred to emergency room for loss of consciousness and dyspnea after taking of PEG-3350 (Colyte®). In laboratory findings, the initial serum tryptase level was increased to 91.9 mg/L (normal range: 0.00-11.40 mg/L) without any other laboratory abnormalities. The intradermal test with 10 mg/mL Colyte® showed a 5 × 5 mm wheal, but basophil activation and histamine releasability tests were negative. PEG-3350 is widely used as an osmotic laxative due to its lack of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the loss of mucosal integrity at gastrointestinal membrane such as diverticulitis may be a predisposing factor for anaphylaxis to Colyte®. We report a case of anaphylaxis induced by the ingestion of PEG-3350 in a patient with diverticulitis which might be a risk factor of anaphylaxis.
Absorption ; Adult ; Anaphylaxis* ; Basophils ; Causality ; Diverticulitis* ; Dyspnea ; Eating ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Histamine ; Humans ; Intradermal Tests ; Membranes ; Polyethylene Glycols* ; Polyethylene* ; Polymers ; Risk Factors ; Tryptases ; Unconsciousness

Trigeminal neurinoma is a rare condition arising from the gasserian or trigeminal nerve root. It comprises 0.2% of all brain tumors, and usually affects middle life, but about 10% of it appears in adolescents. Middle fossa syndrome, symptoms and signs of cerebellopontine angle tumor and mixture of these may be developed through the extension of the tumor. Symptoms and signs of cerebellar and midbrain compression may also be elicited in some stage of the tumor. Erosion of the Anteromedial portion of the petrous apex and defect of the flow of the middle fossa contribute to the diagnosis. Air studies and cerebral antiography have been used, and recently pantopaque basal cisternography has been introduced. The route of operation depends upon the main localization of the tumor, but transtemporal approach with tentorial section is widely used for dumbbell-shaped tumor. A case of cerebellopontine angle tumor which had been postoperatively proved to be a trigeminal neurinoma is reported.
Adolescent ; Brain Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Iophendylate ; Mesencephalon ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neuroma, Acoustic ; Puberty* ; Trigeminal Nerve

Trigeminal neurinoma is a rare condition arising from the gasserian or trigeminal nerve root. It comprises 0.2% of all brain tumors, and usually affects middle life, but about 10% of it appears in adolescents. Middle fossa syndrome, symptoms and signs of cerebellopontine angle tumor and mixture of these may be developed through the extension of the tumor. Symptoms and signs of cerebellar and midbrain compression may also be elicited in some stage of the tumor. Erosion of the Anteromedial portion of the petrous apex and defect of the flow of the middle fossa contribute to the diagnosis. Air studies and cerebral antiography have been used, and recently pantopaque basal cisternography has been introduced. The route of operation depends upon the main localization of the tumor, but transtemporal approach with tentorial section is widely used for dumbbell-shaped tumor. A case of cerebellopontine angle tumor which had been postoperatively proved to be a trigeminal neurinoma is reported.
Adolescent ; Brain Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Iophendylate ; Mesencephalon ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neuroma, Acoustic ; Puberty* ; Trigeminal Nerve

Renal cancer continues to offer a great challenge for its successful therapy today, thus underscoring the need for effective chemotherapeutic agents. In the current study, we explored the anticancer effects of domperidone, a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) antagonist, in renal cancer Caki-2 cells. Domperidone induced dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in Caki-2 cells, triggering intrinsic apoptosis via the stimulation of the caspase cascade and PARP cleavage. The cytotoxic effect of domperidone was found to be partially DRD2-dependent. Domperidone treatment markedly augmented the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species which induced the cell death of Caki-2 cells. In addition, domperidone suppressed Janus kinase 2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of survival and proliferation of these cells. Hence, domperidone can be considered a promising candidate for renal cancer treatment.

Renal cancer continues to offer a great challenge for its successful therapy today, thus underscoring the need for effective chemotherapeutic agents. In the current study, we explored the anticancer effects of domperidone, a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) antagonist, in renal cancer Caki-2 cells. Domperidone induced dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in Caki-2 cells, triggering intrinsic apoptosis via the stimulation of the caspase cascade and PARP cleavage. The cytotoxic effect of domperidone was found to be partially DRD2-dependent. Domperidone treatment markedly augmented the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species which induced the cell death of Caki-2 cells. In addition, domperidone suppressed Janus kinase 2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of survival and proliferation of these cells. Hence, domperidone can be considered a promising candidate for renal cancer treatment.

Renal cancer continues to offer a great challenge for its successful therapy today, thus underscoring the need for effective chemotherapeutic agents. In the current study, we explored the anticancer effects of domperidone, a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) antagonist, in renal cancer Caki-2 cells. Domperidone induced dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in Caki-2 cells, triggering intrinsic apoptosis via the stimulation of the caspase cascade and PARP cleavage. The cytotoxic effect of domperidone was found to be partially DRD2-dependent. Domperidone treatment markedly augmented the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species which induced the cell death of Caki-2 cells. In addition, domperidone suppressed Janus kinase 2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of survival and proliferation of these cells. Hence, domperidone can be considered a promising candidate for renal cancer treatment.

BACKGROUND: Despite the established benefits of diabetes camps for the continuing education of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, little is known about the long-term metabolic benefits of diabetes camps for middle-aged and elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability. METHODS: The 1-year mean and variability of HbA1c before and after the diabetes camp was compared between the participants of the diabetes camp (n=57; median age 65 years [range, 50 to 86 years]; median diabetes duration 14 years [range, 1 to 48 years]). Additional case-control analysis compared the metabolic outcomes of the participants of the diabetes camp and their propensity score-matched controls who underwent conventional diabetes education (n=93). RESULTS: The levels of HbA1c during the first year after the diabetes camp were comparable to those of the matched controls (P=0.341). In an analysis of all participants of the diabetes camp, the 1-year mean±standard deviation (SD) of HbA1c decreased (P=0.010 and P=0.041) after the diabetes camp, whereas the adjusted SD and coefficient of variance (CV) of HbA1c did not decrease. The adjusted SD and CV significantly decreased after the diabetes camp in participants whose 1-year mean HbA1c was ≥6.5% before the diabetes camp (n=40) and those with a duration of diabetes less than 15 years (n=32). CONCLUSION: The 1-year mean and SD of HbA1c decreased after the diabetes camp, with significant reduction in the adjusted SD and CV in those with higher baseline HbA1c and a shorter duration of diabetes.
Adult ; Aged* ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Education ; Education, Continuing* ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Self Care*