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The purpose of this study were to find out the practical way to enlarged child-raising knowledge and to enhance their satisfaction with out-patient care by evaluating how effectively the education is done by nurses for mothers with ill-child and how their satisfaction with out-patient care changed. This study was designed as a Nonequivalent Control Group study. The subjects studied were consisted of the experimental and control group. Each consisted of 50 mothers with ill-child in pediatric department at one university hospital in Seoul. The period of this study is from May 20, 1996 to June 28, 1996. The first data were collected fro both of experimental and control groups in which mothers with ill-child come to the hospital for the first time. After this being done, the experimental group had been educated by the planned program and then the second data were collected from them. On the contrary, as for the control group, there had been no education and the second data were collected on the same method. The data analysis was done by SPSS program. The results of this study are as follow, 1. The child-raising knowledge level of mothers with education was higher than that of with no education.(t=18.84, df=49, p=0.000) 2. The satisfaction with out-patient care level of mothers with education was higher than that of no education.(t=10.51, df=49, p=0.000) Based on these results, I suggest as follow, 1. The research on the patients and their family should be made not only in pediatric department, but in every out-patient department. 2. For more effective education, it is required for all out-patient nurses to research the education demand of patients and their family. 3. To increase the effect of education, there must be the consultation room in out-patient department. 4. The meetings with the mothers with ill-child of the same illness have to be established and periodical education must be executed. 5. Audio-visual education programs like video tapes are needed to make use of waiting time for the medical treatment. 6. On-line consulting program are needed.
Education ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Outpatients* ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health

We report a case of Buerger's disease manifested by a scrotal mass, in view of its rarity. A tender bean sized mass was palpated in the left scrotum of a 34 year-old male heavy smoker, who had a history of right pain two years ago which subsided spontaneously. The left testis with the paratesticular tissue was excised. Vessels of the spermatic cord and epididymis showed microscopic changes of Buerger's disease. The involved arteries and veins revealed a predominantly subacute pattern with granulomatous inflammation and Langhans' type giant cells within the thrombi.
Male ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify psychopathologies of sexually abused children and intervening variables of symptom severity. METHODS: Eighty-four school-aged children were identified for sexual abuse from a center for child sexual abuse by psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and social workers. We analyzed correlations among symptom severity, types of sexual abuse, gender, age, relationship with the abuser, family system, and current and past psychopathologies. RESULTS: The percentage of victims with particular psychiatric disorders (current) were 79.8%. Children without identifiable disorders were 20.2%, but these children had significantly increased scores on self report scales of anxiety (RCMAS), depression (CDI), and withdrawal scores on parental reports of child behavior checklist (K-CBCL). Sixty nine percent of abused children had primary diagnosis related to sexual abuse in DSM-IV diagnositic system. PTSD was 41.7%, depressive disorder was 38.1%, and anxiety disorder was 21.4%. Psychopathologies were more severe if perpetrators were of acquaintance or if victims had previous psychopathologies or parent-child relational problems. Types of primary caregiver and older age were also related to the severity of psychopathologies. CONCLUSION: Present study suggests that most victims of childhood sexual abuse suffer from significant psychological distress. Intervening variables are relationship with the perpetrator, previous mental health status, age of the child, type of the primary care taker, and the quality of parent-child relationship.
Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Caregivers ; Checklist ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mental Health ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Primary Health Care ; Psychiatry ; Psychology ; Psychopathology* ; Self Report ; Sex Offenses ; Social Workers ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study was done to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of spirituality. METHODS: Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze fifty seven studies from the literature related to spirituality as it appears in systematic literature reviews of theology, medicine, counseling & psychology, social welfare, and nursing. RESULTS: Spirituality was found to consist of two dimensions and eight attributes: 1) vertical dimension: ‘intimacy and connectedness with God’ and ‘holy life and belief’, 2) horizontal dimension: ‘self-transcendence’, ‘meaning and purpose in life’, ‘self-integration’, and ‘self-creativity’ in relationship with self, ‘connectedness’ and ‘trust’ in relationship with others·neighbors·nature. Antecedents of spirituality were socio-demographic, religious, psychological, and health related characteristics. Consequences of spirituality were positive and negative. Being positive included ‘life centered on God’ in vertical dimension, and among horizontal dimension ‘joy’, ‘hope’, ‘wellness’, ‘inner peace’, and ‘self-actualization’ in relationship with self, ‘doing in love’ and ‘extended life toward neighbors and the world’ in relationship with others·neighbors·nature. Being negative was defined as having ‘guilt’, ‘inner conflict’, ‘loneliness’, and ‘spiritual distress’. Facilitators of spirituality were stressful life events and experiences. CONCLUSION: Spirituality is a multidimensional concept. Unchangeable attributes of spirituality are ‘connectedness with God’, ‘self-transcendence’, ‘meaning of life’ and ‘connectedness with others·nature’. Unchangeable consequences of spirituality are ‘joy’ and ‘hope’. The findings suggest that the dimensional framework of spirituality can be used to assess the current spiritual state of patients. Based on these results, the development of a Korean version of the scale measuring spirituality is recommended.
Counseling ; Humans ; Nursing ; Psychology, Social ; Spirituality* ; Theology ; Vertical Dimension

PURPOSE: The limited information regarding preservation of erectile function following castration is based on self-reports by castrated patients. Therefore, we evaluated the erectile status in 38 patients with advanced prostatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Castrations were achieved by bilateral orchiectomy, estrogen therapy of both. Patients answered the questionnaires regarding the medical status and erectile function before and after castration, and the blood levels of testosterone were assessed. Especially in seven patients, penile circumference and erection quality were monitored during the visual sexual stimulation. RESULTS: 11 patients(58%) out of 19 potent men achieved functional erection after castration. Mean serum testosterone level was 0.31 +/-0.19ng/ml in men who were potent after castration and 0.06+/- 0.04ng/m1 in those not potent(p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were noted in age, interval after castration, method of castration, degree of gynecomastia, stage of prostatic cancer and doing radiation therapy between the men who did and did not achieve erection(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Following castration, sexual potency and libido decreased markedly in most cases, but 58% retained some degree of normal sexual potency. And, statistically significant difference was noted only in serum testosterone level between the men who did and did not achieve erection.
Castration* ; Estrogens ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Libido ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Testosterone

We report a case of solitary congenital calcified nodule of the ear in a 1-year-old female. The lesion was a 2 X 2mm-sized, elevated, slightly erythematous and whitish-centered nodule located since birth on the superior helical rim of her left ear. Histopathological findings fram the totally excised lesion showed calcium deposits as amorphous, basophilic masses in the upper dermis and focal discharge of calcium by means of transepidermal elimination. Surrounding the calcium deposits, lymphohistiocytic infiltrations were present.
Basophils ; Calcium ; Dermis ; Ear* ; Female ; Humans ; Parturition

Mesangial IgA nephropathy was experimentally induced in ddY mice by oral and parenteral administration of the poliomyelitis vaccine (POLIO), and we then tried to investigate if IgA deposition could be prevented by the concurrent use of sodium cromoglycate (SCG), which is known to inhibit the local mucosal immune reaction. Mucosal and systemic immunity could be induced by the administration of POLIO; proteinuria, increased serum IgA levels, mesangial cell proliferation, mesangial matrix widening, mesangial deposits of IgA, and large electron dense deposits in the mesangium were observed. Concurrent administration of SCG and POLIO resulted in a significant decrease in the serum IgA level and mesangial IgA deposits. The later addition or abstinence of SCG after the 70th day did not influence the glomerular mesangial IgA deposition. But the serum IgA level was still decreased by the continuous treatment of SCG even after the 70th day. Thus, mesangial IgA nephropathy simulating IgA nephropathy in humans could be induced in ddY mice using POLIO and its induction could largely be prevented by the concurrent use of SCG. However mesangial IgA deposits already present could not be cleared by the late administration of SCG.
Animal ; Cromolyn Sodium/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Immunoglobulin A/metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/*immunology

A clinical observation was made on forty-three cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy, admitted to the Department of Urology, National Seoul Hospital during the period from January 1, 1977 to December 31, 1980. The results were summerized as follows. 1. The incidence of benign prostatic hypertrophy was 10.9% to 396 total in-patients and 34.4% to male in-patients 50 years old or more. 2. Most of patients were in the 7th and 8th decades of life (83.7%) with a mean age of 73.5 years old. 3. The mean average hospital period was 12.4 days. 4. The mean period passed away from initial symptoms to visit was 2.8 years. Common symptoms and signs were frequency in 35 cases (81.4%), dysuria with small stream in 25 cases (58.1%), acute urinary retention in 23 cases (53.5%) and lower abdominal fulling sense and discomfortness in 13 cases (3.2%). 5. The mean volume of residual urine was 430ml. 6. Hematuria it 28cases (65.1%) and pyuria was revealed in 12 cases (27.9%). 7. I.V.P was performed in 34 cases and hydronephrosis was found in 5 cases (14.7%) and hydroureter in 4 cases (11.8%). Cystourethrography was performed in 31 cases, and elevated bladder base in 23 cases (74.2%) and trabeculation of bladder in 21 cases (67.7%). 8. Endoscopy was performed in 32 cases, The common findings were trabeculation in 28 cases (87.5%) and inflammations in 25 cases(78.1%). 9. Associated conditions with B.P.H. were hypertension in 6 cases (14.0%) and pulmonary tuberculosis in 5 cases (16.1%). 10. Management was done with retropubic prostatectomy in 16 cases, transurethral prostatectomy in 3 cases and suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy in 3 cases. 11. The mean weight of the removed adenoma was 34.2gm. 12. The mean duration of the indwelling catheter was 8.2 days. 13. The mean amount of transfused blood was 1. 78 pints. 14. Postoperative complications were urinary infection in lt cases (63.6%), temporary incontinence in 12cases (54.5%), epididymitis in 3 cases (13.6%), urethral stricture and rebleeding in each 2 cages (9.1%), delayed wound healing and pyrexia in each 1 case (4.5%). The mortality rate was 0%.
Adenoma ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Dysuria ; Endoscopy ; Epididymitis ; Fever ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Pyuria ; Rivers ; Seoul ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Urology ; Wound Healing

The retroperitoneal space is that indefinite area in the lumber and iliac region which lies between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The term retroperitoneal cyst or tumor is usually confined by the pathologist to these arising from the structures situated in the retroperitoneal space. Retroperitoneal cysts are that of non-neoplastic nature and originated from retroperitoneal tumor Because the retroperitoneal space is rather extensive and adjacent organs are easily displaced, many of the cysts grow to a large size before giving any clinical manifestation. Frequently, when the patient is first seen, there is an indefinite abdominal mass the exact nature of which is obscure, and the diagnosis is not made until the time of surgical investigation.
Abdominal Cavity ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Peritoneum ; Retroperitoneal Space