PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression typesof adolescent women and investigate the relation between the identified anger-expression types and their problem behaviors and health status. METHOD: One hundred ninety nine high school freshmen were recruited from September to November, 2003. Data wasanalyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, chi-square-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison test. RESULT: Three anger-expression types in adolescent women were found; Anger-out/in, Anger-control/in, and Anger- control type. Adolescent women with frequently using the anger-out/in type and with higher state anger reported more delinquent behaviors, more health risk behaviors, and higher psychosomatic symptoms. However, adolescent women with lower state anger and frequently using the anger-control type reported more depression scores. CONCLUSION: There is a need to further clarify the relationship between anger-expression typesand depression in adolescent women. The findings suggest the necessity of a development of the program for lowering the anger level and controlling the unfavorable anger expression types such as the anger-out in.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; *Anger ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Expressed Emotion ; Female ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of anger expression in adolescent women. METHODS: The Q-Methodology which provides a method of analyzing the individual's subjectivity was used. The 32 subjects classified 50 selected Q-statements on a 9 point scale to make a normal distribution. The collected data was analyzed by a PCQUANL program. RESULTS: Five types of anger expression in adolescent women were identified. Type I: Direct attacking expression type, Type II: Mature consideration type, Type III: Passive indirect expression type, Type IV: Avoidance conversion type, and Type V: Expression control type. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that different approaches of nursing intervention strategies are recommended based on the five types of anger expression and their characteristics.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychology ; Anger/*classification ; Expressed Emotion/*classification ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Q-Sort ; Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand and foot baths on sleep and body temperature of the elderly. METHODS: The research was designed for a nonequivalent control group before and after the test design. The subjects of this study totaled 43, aged 65 and over (23 people in hand bath group and 20 people in a foot bath group), who received a written voluntary consent to participate in experimental treatment and are in the W care center, S Nursing Home, and H care center in Seoul. Data were collected with questionnaires and observations, and were analyzed on the basis of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, χχ2-test, Fisher exact test, t-test and paired t-test. RESULTS: There are no significant differences in homogeneity test of a dependent variable between groups (hand bath, foot bath). The differences between 2 groups on the sleep quality score and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure temperature were not significant statistically except on the pulse. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, hand bath is as efficient as foot bath. Therefore, a hand bath can be a nursing intervention in order to enrich sleep quality for the elderly because a hand bath is more convenient than foot bath.
Aged* ; Baths* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Foot* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Homes ; Seoul ; Vital Signs*

We performed a clinicopathological study of nineteen patients with chronic inflammatory nodose lesions of the legs which responded to the treatment with isolniazid. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Seven patients had a personal or family history of tuberculcsis and all patients showed a high tuberculin sensitivity. But, no one showed the evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. The inflammatory nodules and swelling of the legs were resolved within 12 months in all cases. Resolution of the nodules was more rapid than that of leg swelling. 3. The clinical characteristics of the patients with chronic inflanimatory nodules were the same as those of the cases with erythema nodosum or erytiema induratum reported previously in Korea. The basic histopathologic process of inflarr matory nodules seemed to be vasculitis.
Erythema Nodosum ; Humans ; Isoniazid* ; Korea ; Leg* ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Vasculitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the natural course of superior oblique palsy (SOP) with objective criteria, and to show the contemporary etiology and recovery rates among several factors. The clinical features of SOP were compared to previous studies. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 80 patients diagnosed with SOP between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2011 was performed. RESULTS: Clinical SOP features showed variation when compared to previous studies. Out of 80 patients, 71 were identified with unilateral isolated and 9 bilateral cases of SOP. Twenty cases were congenital and 60 cases were acquired SOPs. Acquired SOPs were affected most commonly by trauma (31%) and vascular disease (30%). Twenty-four out of 49 patients, who were followed up over 2 months after the first visit recovered, especially vascular origin cases, which was statistically significant (75%, p = 0.000). Patients with initial vertical deviation smaller than 5 Prism diopters (PD) experienced a more successful recovery than patients with an initial deviation larger than 5 PD. CONCLUSIONS: SOP has different recovery rates depending on the etiology. Accurate ocular examination and understanding of SOP etiology are necessary for successful treatment.
Humans ; Natural History ; Paralysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Trochlear Nerve Diseases ; Vascular Diseases

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a very rare mesenchymal neoplasm of the uterus. LG-ESS can recur or metastasize to extrauterine sites, such as the pelvis, peritoneal cavity, and vagina, but rarely to the lung, liver, heart, bone, and colon. A 42-year-old female patient was transferred from an outside clinic for an evaluation of constipation. EUS revealed a 5 cm hypoechoic lesion with a regular margin, probably arising from the 4th layer (muscular propria) at the sigmoid colon level. CT revealed a 7-cm homogenous enhancing mass lesion at the pelvic cavity and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the sigmoid mesocolon.The patient underwent an anterior resection, and the diagnosis based on the biopsy result was LG-ESS. After a multidisciplinary discussion, she underwent a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Small nodules found in the endometrium were identified as LG-ESS by a biopsy. This paper reports a case of metastatic LG-ESS presenting as a solitary sigmoid tumor without intrauterine lesions through preoperative examinations and discusses the characteristics of this neoplasm with reference to the relevant literature.

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a very rare mesenchymal neoplasm of the uterus. LG-ESS can recur or metastasize to extrauterine sites, such as the pelvis, peritoneal cavity, and vagina, but rarely to the lung, liver, heart, bone, and colon. A 42-year-old female patient was transferred from an outside clinic for an evaluation of constipation. EUS revealed a 5 cm hypoechoic lesion with a regular margin, probably arising from the 4th layer (muscular propria) at the sigmoid colon level. CT revealed a 7-cm homogenous enhancing mass lesion at the pelvic cavity and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the sigmoid mesocolon.The patient underwent an anterior resection, and the diagnosis based on the biopsy result was LG-ESS. After a multidisciplinary discussion, she underwent a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Small nodules found in the endometrium were identified as LG-ESS by a biopsy. This paper reports a case of metastatic LG-ESS presenting as a solitary sigmoid tumor without intrauterine lesions through preoperative examinations and discusses the characteristics of this neoplasm with reference to the relevant literature.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the noise level and frequency experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 20 premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU of a university hospital in Daejeon Metropolitan city. The noise level was measured using a professional sound-level meter (ET-958, FLUS, Shenzhen, China) based on a noise classification table developed by the author. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS for Windows version 22.0. Results: The average noise level experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU was 51.25 dB (range: 45.0~81.7 dB). The frequency of noises was highest for factors related to nursing activities (40.3%), followed by human factors (29.1%), machine alarm sounds (20.1%), incubator operation (6.6%), and internal environmental factors (3.9%). Conclusion According to the above results, the noise level experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU exceeded the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an interventional program to reduce noise in the NICU, and to conduct follow-up studies to verify its effectiveness.

Purpose: This study investigated customers' perception of a hygiene grade certification system for restaurants and this study also determined way to promote the application of the hygiene grade certification. Methods: A total of 315 customer responses were used for the data analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program (ver. 23.0) for frequency analysis, χ2-tests, t-tests, analysis of variance, and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Results: The composition of the respondents was 43.8% males and 56.2% females. The 73.3% lived with their families while 26.7% lived alone. Among those surveyed, 84.5% dine out at least once a week and 66.8% dine out during weekends evening. In addition, the most preferred types of restaurants were Korean restaurants (37.5%), delivery restaurants (14.6%), and Western restaurants (8.9%). Information about restaurant was most frequently obtained through Internet searches (54.0%). The average expenditure of eating-out per person was 15,483 Korean won, and the overall satisfaction averaged 3.58 out of 5 points. According to the results of IPA, the restaurant selection attributes that were priorities for improvement were the foods' taste and restroom cleanliness. In addition, 30.5% of respondents recognized the hygiene grade certification system for restaurants. The intention of dining at restaurants with a hygiene grade certification in the future was on average 4.02 out of 5 points. A total of 56.8% of respondents were willing to pay more for a restaurant with a hygiene grade certification. The average percentage of additional price was 6.02%. Conclusion In order to apply and quickly disseminate the hygiene grade certification system all over the Korea, the study results suggest that relevant policy should be provided by the Korean government for certified restaurants along with the relevant education and promotion of the system to customers.

Purpose: This study was conducted to segment the delivery food market and to develop customized products and services. Methods: This study analyzed 636 responses collected from customers who ordered delivery food. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program (ver. 25.0) for frequency analysis, χ2-test, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Results: Four factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis (safety-orientation, convenience-orientation, taste-orientation, and economy-orientation) to explain the consumers’ food-related lifestyles. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the ‘low-interest group’, ‘convenience and economy-oriented group’, and ‘gourmet and economy-oriented group’ should be regarded as the target segments. Characteristic analysis of each cluster showed that low-interest group had higher rates of married (67.1%) and living with family (85.4%) than other clusters. The convenience and the economy-oriented group had higher rates of living alone (28.9%) than others. The gourmet and the economy-oriented group had a higher percentage of unmarried (62.0%) than the others. In addition, the average age of convenience and economy-oriented group (32.3 years) and gourmet and economy-oriented group (32.5 years) were significantly lower than the safety seeker (40.0 years) (p < 0.001). Difference analysis of the consumption practice according to the cluster, revealed significant differences in the order frequency (p < 0.001), main day to order (p < 0.05), source of information about delivery food (p < 0.001), order method (p < 0.001), and co-consumer (p < 0.01). In addition, the convenience and the economy-oriented group had significantly higher overall satisfaction than the others (p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that customer segmentation based on a food-related lifestyle can be used to build a successful marketing strategy. Therefore, restaurant managers and delivery platform operators should consider developing products and services according to the segmentation to maximize customer satisfaction.