Spontaneous renal rupture with subcapsular renal hematoma is a rare disease entity. Hereby, we report a 60-year-old female who presented with abrupt right flank pain and was diagnosed as spontaneous renal rupture with subcapsular hematoma related to urinary tract infection and review related literatures.
Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Kidney ; Middle Aged ; Rare Diseases ; Rupture* ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Urinary Tract Infections*

In order to overcome a certain disease, it is necessary to confirm the prevalence, natural course and risk factors of the disease. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease has become the mainstream and has been paying a great deal of attention to the epidemiologic research of allergic diseases in Korean children since 1995. In this review, we would like to summarize the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood epidemiology study in Korea, the cohort study for allergic diseases, and the national medical big data. New epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the relationships between allergic diseases and factors such as air pollution, climate changes, microbiome, and diet, which are likely to be new risk factors for allergic diseases. Based on these epidemiological studies, we hope to find ways to overcome pediatric allergic diseases in Korea and also to share epidemiologic techniques and manpower.
Air Pollution ; Asthma ; Child* ; Climate Change ; Cohort Studies ; Diet ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Hope ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Microbiota ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of Lentinus edodes on blood pressure and blood lipid levels in the Hypertensive Rat. We supplied 3 kinds of experimental diets (Control; CO, cap of Lentinus edodes; LC, and stipe of Lentinus edodes; LS) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weights, and serum lipid levels were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake, and body, liver and epididymal fat pad weights among experimental groups. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in LC and LS groups than CO group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol were lower in LC and LS groups than CO group. These results suggested that Lentinus edodes decrease blood pressure levels and serum total cholesterol concentration in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. But these effects of Lentinus edodes didn't show any significant difference between animals fed cap and stipe of this mushroom.
Adipose Tissue ; Agaricales ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Lentinula* ; Liver ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Shiitake Mushrooms* ; Weights and Measures

Background: The time-consuming process of drug development contributes to unmet healthcare needs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies of Western populations suggest the potential use of antidiabetic drugs as an alternative to lower RA risk. We aimed to examine the possibility of repurposing antidiabetic drugs for RA by evaluating their causal associations with genetic antidiabetic drug target genes using Mendelian randomization (MR) of samples from an East Asian biobank. Methods: We conducted drug-targeting two-sample MR to estimate the association between the antidiabetic drug and RA risk using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as independent genetic variants that encode the target proteins of the selected antidiabetic drugs (insulin/insulin analogues, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas). Instrumental associations with fasting blood glucose and RA were extracted from the KoGES (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study) and BBJ (BioBank Japan), respectively. Results: A decrease in fasting blood sugar level of 1 mmol (1.8 mg/dL) by the rs1801282 SNP in the PPARG gene reduced the incidence of RA by about 20%. Moreover, another SNP within the PPARG gene, rs35240997, reduced the incidence of RA about 16%. Conclusion SNPs within the anti-diabetic drug target genes lowered fasting blood sugar levels and the risk of RA. However, the results from this study require cautious interpretations due to weak instrument bias.

Background: The time-consuming process of drug development contributes to unmet healthcare needs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies of Western populations suggest the potential use of antidiabetic drugs as an alternative to lower RA risk. We aimed to examine the possibility of repurposing antidiabetic drugs for RA by evaluating their causal associations with genetic antidiabetic drug target genes using Mendelian randomization (MR) of samples from an East Asian biobank. Methods: We conducted drug-targeting two-sample MR to estimate the association between the antidiabetic drug and RA risk using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as independent genetic variants that encode the target proteins of the selected antidiabetic drugs (insulin/insulin analogues, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas). Instrumental associations with fasting blood glucose and RA were extracted from the KoGES (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study) and BBJ (BioBank Japan), respectively. Results: A decrease in fasting blood sugar level of 1 mmol (1.8 mg/dL) by the rs1801282 SNP in the PPARG gene reduced the incidence of RA by about 20%. Moreover, another SNP within the PPARG gene, rs35240997, reduced the incidence of RA about 16%. Conclusion SNPs within the anti-diabetic drug target genes lowered fasting blood sugar levels and the risk of RA. However, the results from this study require cautious interpretations due to weak instrument bias.

Background: The time-consuming process of drug development contributes to unmet healthcare needs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies of Western populations suggest the potential use of antidiabetic drugs as an alternative to lower RA risk. We aimed to examine the possibility of repurposing antidiabetic drugs for RA by evaluating their causal associations with genetic antidiabetic drug target genes using Mendelian randomization (MR) of samples from an East Asian biobank. Methods: We conducted drug-targeting two-sample MR to estimate the association between the antidiabetic drug and RA risk using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as independent genetic variants that encode the target proteins of the selected antidiabetic drugs (insulin/insulin analogues, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas). Instrumental associations with fasting blood glucose and RA were extracted from the KoGES (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study) and BBJ (BioBank Japan), respectively. Results: A decrease in fasting blood sugar level of 1 mmol (1.8 mg/dL) by the rs1801282 SNP in the PPARG gene reduced the incidence of RA by about 20%. Moreover, another SNP within the PPARG gene, rs35240997, reduced the incidence of RA about 16%. Conclusion SNPs within the anti-diabetic drug target genes lowered fasting blood sugar levels and the risk of RA. However, the results from this study require cautious interpretations due to weak instrument bias.

Background: The time-consuming process of drug development contributes to unmet healthcare needs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies of Western populations suggest the potential use of antidiabetic drugs as an alternative to lower RA risk. We aimed to examine the possibility of repurposing antidiabetic drugs for RA by evaluating their causal associations with genetic antidiabetic drug target genes using Mendelian randomization (MR) of samples from an East Asian biobank. Methods: We conducted drug-targeting two-sample MR to estimate the association between the antidiabetic drug and RA risk using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as independent genetic variants that encode the target proteins of the selected antidiabetic drugs (insulin/insulin analogues, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas). Instrumental associations with fasting blood glucose and RA were extracted from the KoGES (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study) and BBJ (BioBank Japan), respectively. Results: A decrease in fasting blood sugar level of 1 mmol (1.8 mg/dL) by the rs1801282 SNP in the PPARG gene reduced the incidence of RA by about 20%. Moreover, another SNP within the PPARG gene, rs35240997, reduced the incidence of RA about 16%. Conclusion SNPs within the anti-diabetic drug target genes lowered fasting blood sugar levels and the risk of RA. However, the results from this study require cautious interpretations due to weak instrument bias.

Background: The time-consuming process of drug development contributes to unmet healthcare needs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies of Western populations suggest the potential use of antidiabetic drugs as an alternative to lower RA risk. We aimed to examine the possibility of repurposing antidiabetic drugs for RA by evaluating their causal associations with genetic antidiabetic drug target genes using Mendelian randomization (MR) of samples from an East Asian biobank. Methods: We conducted drug-targeting two-sample MR to estimate the association between the antidiabetic drug and RA risk using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as independent genetic variants that encode the target proteins of the selected antidiabetic drugs (insulin/insulin analogues, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas). Instrumental associations with fasting blood glucose and RA were extracted from the KoGES (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study) and BBJ (BioBank Japan), respectively. Results: A decrease in fasting blood sugar level of 1 mmol (1.8 mg/dL) by the rs1801282 SNP in the PPARG gene reduced the incidence of RA by about 20%. Moreover, another SNP within the PPARG gene, rs35240997, reduced the incidence of RA about 16%. Conclusion SNPs within the anti-diabetic drug target genes lowered fasting blood sugar levels and the risk of RA. However, the results from this study require cautious interpretations due to weak instrument bias.

OBJECTIVE: The validity of olfactory bulbectomized rat as an animal depression model and the possibilities of the NMDA antagonist as an antidepressant would be evaluated by demonstrating structural alterations in their brain MRIs and histological findings of hippocampus. METHODS: Those 8-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats received either an olfactory bulbectomy or sham operation and volume changes at ventricles and caudate nucleus in their brain MRI were acquired at preoperation and postoperation. Those olfactory bulbectomized rats received either memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA antagonist, or normal saline, a placebo, and their brain structural changes in MRI were acquired. At preoperation, postoperation, and postmedication each one of the rats with sham-operation, with memantine, and with placebo was sacrificed to acquire histological impressions. RESULTS: 1) Comparison of the volume changes between preoperation and postoperation showed statistical significance; the volumes of the left and right lateral ventricles (p=0.007, p=0.008) and the third ventricle (p=0.003) increased significantly but the volumes of left and right caudate nucleus decreased (p=0.014, p=0.032), compared to that of the controls. 2) After 6-weeks of memantine administrations, the OB rats revealed more definite recovery in brain MRIs statistically than the controls: the volumes of left and right ventricles and left and right caudate nucleus (p=0.004, p=0.03 ; p=0.04, p=0.05). 3) The hippocampus histological findings of the olfactory bulbectomy showed frequently eosinophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nucleus with shrinkage in CA3. After memantine intake, the hippocampus histological findings returned to nearly normal and showed mixtures of normal cell and abnormal neuron cell. CONCLUSION: The OB models would be valid as an animal model of depression and alterations in their brain MRI images after administrations of NMDA antagonist could be an indicator of antidepressant effects.
Animals ; Brain ; Caudate Nucleus ; Cytoplasm ; Depression* ; Eosinophils ; Heart Ventricles ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Memantine* ; Models, Animal ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Third Ventricle

Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) is a curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Percutaneous RFA has been shown to be beneficial for patients with small renal cell carcinoma (RCC) lacking indications for resection. We experienced the case of a 53-year-old male who had conditions that suggested HCC, RCC, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image showed liver cirrhosis with 2.8 cm ill-defined mass in segment 2 of the liver and 1.9 cm hypervascular mass in the left kidney. These findings were compatible with the double primary cancers of HCC and RCC. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed to treat the HCC. After the TACE, a focal lipiodol uptake defect was noticed on a follow up CT images and loco-regional treatment was recommended. Therefore, we performed RFAs to treat HCC and RCC. There was no evidence of recurrence in the follow up image after 1 month.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications/*diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed