PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the factors that impact the intention of sexual abstinence among female college students. The approach was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior and the parent-adolescent communication of contextual factors. METHODS: A total of 189 female university students in the first to fourth grades at two universities in Honam region participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed using hierarchical stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: The major factor that influences the intention of sexual abstinence among female college students was attitudes toward sexual behavior (β=0.53, p<0.001). Other factors, in descending order of their impact, were subjective norms toward friends (β=0.25, p<0.001), experience of sexual intercourse (β=−0.19, p<0.001), and subjective norms toward parents (β=0.09, p=0.040). Taken together, the aforementioned factors explained 81.1 % of the total variance. CONCLUSION: Female college students' intention to abstain from sexual behaviors requires education promoting moderate and conservative positions. The participants' subjective norms concerning sexual behaviors as perceived by friends and parents were also important. The results of this study provide meaningful implications for education of parents, sexual education of female college students, and sexual counseling programs.
Coitus ; Counseling ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Intention ; Parents ; Sexual Abstinence ; Sexual Behavior

Meningioma is usually known to occur stuck to the dura mater, but extradural meningioma occurs rarely. Most of the extradural meningiomas are located in the head and neck and we report a case of the primary intraosseous meningioma in the orbit. A 50-year old woman presented with the left eye hyperemia and exophthalmos. Neuroimaging modalities showed hyperostosis at the left sphenoid and orbital wall. On microscopic view, spindle cells and psammoma bodies between the woven bones were observed. The origin of the intraosseous meningioma is explained with various potent possibilities and differential diagnosis thoroughly explored.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Dura Mater ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hyperostosis ; Meningioma* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neuroimaging ; Orbit

OBJECTIVE: Sonography is a noninvasive and safe bedside imaging modality that provides rapid and repeatable real-time radiological evaluations without a radiation hazard. However, sonography has not gained widespread acceptance as a diagnostic tool in adult brain disease because of limited imaging resolution through the bony window. We investigated the diagnostic potential and clinical usefulness of bedside brain sonography through surgical bone defects in neurosurgical patients. METHODS: We evaluated twelve patients, each of whom had undergone a decompressive craniectomy, via bedside sonography, and performed comparison CT or MRI for all patients. RESULTS: We obtained reliable information regarding anatomical structure displacement, ventricle systems, intracranial fluid collection, presence and distribution of cerebral infarctions, and hemorrhages. We performed several interventional trials under sonography guidance, including aspiration of entrapped fluid collection and insertion of an external ventricular drainage catheter into a collapsed and displaced ventricle cavity. CONCLUSION: Bedside sonography through surgically created bone defects is a non-invasive method that physicians can repeat as required with no radiation hazard, and it is of particular value in emergent and critical situations when conventional neuroimages are unobtainable. Bedside sonography can be a first-line monitoring tool, in lieu of CT, for critically ill patients with surgical cranial defects.
Adult ; Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Catheters ; Cerebral Infarction ; Critical Illness ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Drainage ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) has been considered as a low grade tumor of adolescents and young adults. Although this tumor often shows cystic component, the hemorrhage within the cyst is extremely rare. The authors report a rare case of cystic PXA with a hemorrhage within the cyst and the mural nodule in the left frontal lobe. A 64-year-old male presented with a week history of the right side hemiparesis. After gross total resection of the tumor, the patient was fully recovered from neurological deficit. It is suggested that this typically benign tumor could be presented with hemorrhage, causing a rapid neurological deterioration. Prompt surgical intervention, especially total removal of the tumor can provide an excellent functional recovery.
Adolescent ; Frontal Lobe ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paresis ; Young Adult

Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) tuberculosis is a rare disease, potentially causing severe instability and neurological deficits. The authors present a case of CVJ tuberculosis with atlantoaxial dislocation and retropharyngeal abscess in a 28-year-old man with neck pain and quadriparesis. Radiological evaluations showed a widespread extradural lesion around the clivus, C1, and C2. Two stage operations with transoral decompression and posterior occipitocervical fusion were performed. The pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Treatment options in CVJ tuberculosis are controversial without well-defined guidelines. But radical operation (anterior decompression and posterior fusion and fixation) is necessary in patient with neurological deficit due to cord compression, extensive bone destruction, and instability or dislocation. The diagnosis and treatment options are discussed.
Adult ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations* ; Humans ; Neck Pain ; Quadriplegia ; Rare Diseases ; Retropharyngeal Abscess ; Tuberculosis*

PURPOSE: We report a case of keratitis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus in a recurrent corneal erosion patient. METHODS: A 29-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic for an intractable corneal ulcer in her left eye. RESULTS: Her best corrected visual acuity in her left eye was 10/400 and the cornea showed a 2x2 mm corneal infiltration at the 6 o'clock position along with endothelial plaque. Initially, 5% cefazolin, 1.4% tobramycin, 3.3% vancomycin, and 0.125% amphotericin were administered every 2 hours, and Natacyn(R) was administered every 4 hours, but corneal infiltration was still aggravated. After nine days of medical treatment, the advancement of the conjunctival flap was performed. The lesion had not improved, and corneal scrape and culture were repeated. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus were identified. Treatment with clindamycin and Cravit(R), to which isolated organisms are susceptible, was started, and the lesion improved. During the treatment, her right eye showed a painful epithelial defect in the morning, and a few days later recurrent corneal epithelial bullae developed in her left eye. She was diagnosed with recurrent corneal erosion in both eyes. The infection lesion improved by using 2% clindamycin and Cravit(R), but the corneal bullae were not controlled, and therefore all eyedrops gradually tapered. After the cessation of eyedrops, corneal epithelial bullae disappeared. When she visited our clinic 12 days after discharge, her vision was 20/30 and her corneal lesion had improved completely.
Adult ; Amphotericin B ; Cefazolin ; Clindamycin ; Coagulase ; Cornea ; Corneal Ulcer ; Female ; Humans ; Keratitis* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Staphylococcus ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Tobramycin ; Vancomycin ; Visual Acuity

OBJECT: To gather information concerning ontogeny, the authors present the results of immunohistochemical stainings of neuronal and glial markers and the reverse transcriptase-prolongation chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nestin for three intraventricular tumors located around the foramen of Monro. METHODS: Seven cases of central neurocytomas(CN), three subependymomas(SE) and eight subependymal giant cell astrocytomas(SEGA), were included in this study. Antihuman monoclonal antibodies of synaptophysin(SNP)(DAKO, 1:20), chromogranin A(ChrA)(DAKO, 1:100), neuron specific enolase (NSE)(DAKO, 1:500) and nerve cell adhesion molecule(NCAM)(Zymed, 1:500) were utilized for neuronal markers and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)(DAKO, 1:300) functioned as a glial marker in immunohistochemical(IHC) stainings. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) for nestin was performed in all cases. RESULTS: For chromogranin A, positive reaction was found in three of the seven CN cases but none of the SE and SEGA cases. For IHC staining of synaptophysin, positive reaction was revealed in all CN cases but in none of the SE and SEGA cases. For NCAM, positive reaction was demonstrated in five of the eight SEGA cases and in all SE and CN cases. For NSE, positive reaction was exhibited in seven of the eight SEGA cases and in all SE and CN cases. Positive reactions for NSE and NCAM in the SEGA cases were manifested mainly in the cytoplasms of giant cells and their background. For IHC staining of GFAP, positive reaction was demonstrated in one of the seven CN cases, in three of the eight SEGA cases, and in all SE cases. RT-PCR product of nestin was expressed in two of the seven CN cases, in two of the three SE cases, and in one SEGA case. CONCLUSION: Many cells of CN, SE and SEGA, had expressed positive reactions for both neuronal and glial markers in IHC study and nestin in RT-PCR. It is suggested that origin cells of these tumors might express both neuronal and glial differentiation.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Astrocytoma* ; Cerebral Ventricles* ; Chromogranin A ; Cytoplasm ; Giant Cells ; Glioma, Subependymal* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nestin ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Neurocytoma* ; Neurons ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Synaptophysin

Spontaneous esophageal perforation (Boerhaave Syndrome) is an unusual condition that frequently leads to fatal complications. It typically occurs with rigorous emesis after an unduly large meal or heavy drinking. Its diagnosis is often delayed in almost all cases due to nonspecific symptoms and signs, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important. Recently we experienced a case of esophagogastric junctional perforation accompanied by bilateral empyema and mediastinitis after heavy alcohol drinking in a 56-year-old male patient. He was presented with hematemesis and abdominal pain. We diagnosed him using esophagography and chest CT. Thus, we report a case with a brief review of related literatures.
Abdominal Pain ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholics* ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Early Diagnosis ; Empyema* ; Esophageal Perforation ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic* ; Lung* ; Male ; Meals ; Mediastinitis ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

The authors present a case of primary intracranial extraosseous myxoid chondrosarcoma without any attachment to the cranium or the meninges. The clinical and radiological findings of the primary intraparenchymal tumor are described with a review of the literature concerning cranial and intracranial myxoid chondrosarcoma.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Bone Neoplasms/pathology ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery ; Child ; Chondrosarcoma/diagnosis* ; Chondrosarcoma/pathology ; Chondrosarcoma/surgery ; Female ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myxosarcoma/diagnosis* ; Myxosarcoma/pathology ; Myxosarcoma/surgery ; Tumor Markers, Biological

Endobronchial lipomas are rare benign tumors that arise from the lung. They partially or totally obstruct the bronchial lumen, producing a variable degree of collapse, irreversible bronchiectasis, and pulmonary damage. Although bronchoscope, CT and MR are reported to be helpful in establishing the diagnosis, CT is highly specific and sensitive in detecting fatty tumor. They may be removed by endoscope or thoracotomy or lobectomy. We present a case of endobronchial lipoma completely obstructing the right middle lobe and postobstructive irreversible pulmonary change with review of literatures.
Bronchiectasis ; Bronchoscopes ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopes ; Lipoma* ; Lung ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*