No abstract available.
Humans ; Spouses*

PURPOSE: To determine accurately the extent of the disease and risk of recurrence is important in enhancing the therapeutic success rate of breast cancer. Primary tumor state and axillary node invasion were some well known factors to predict the prognosis of breast cancer. However, some patients with early stage cancer developed systemic metastasis later despite of little possibility of recurrence based on some previously establised prognostic system. These results demand another approach to predict systemic metastases in patient without gross evidence of further recurrence. Micrometastases is a promising key to explain the recurrence in these patients and micrometastases in bone marrow could raised the ongoing recurrence in skeletal system which is the most frequent metastatic site in breast cancer. Therefore we tricd to determine the rate of micrometastasis in surgically resectable Korean breast cancer patients and the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of the cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied bone marrow aspirate specimens from 38 patients with breast cancer who underwent curative resection at Chonnam University Hospital from January 1996 to February 1997. And reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect messenger RNA for cytokeratin 19 was performed. RESULTS: Metastases in bone marrow were detected in 8/38 patients (21.1%). No sta- tistically significant relationship existed between bone marrow metastasis and clinicopa- thological parameters for predicting prognosis that consisted of tumor state, lymph node invasion, histologic grade, steroid receptor, and c-erbB2 overexpression. In particular, bone marrow metastasis developed even from ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow metastasis may be developed from the extremely early stage of breast cancer and we can not make the corelationship between the bone marrow metastasis and establised some prognostic factors. Based on these results, we recommand the evaluation of bone marrow metastasis in all breast cancer patients and require the close follow-up to allow more sensitive prediction of ongoing recurrence and higher curability.
Bone Marrow* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Keratin-19 ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Steroid ; Recurrence ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determined by follow-up observation, the result of the arthroscopic treatment for advanced degenerative arthritis of the knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period from January 1991 to December 1995, 270 cases had been followed for more than one year after arthroscopic treatment for degenerative arthritis of the knee joint. There were 66 males and 204 females of average age 61 years. On the Kellgren and Lawrence radiological grading system, follow-up radiography was conducted after the treatment in those cases Grade III before the treatment. A clinical assessment was performed pain, range of motion and the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score before and after operation, and the Baumgaertner scale was used for the 2 and 48 month follow-up after operation. Recurrence was considered to have occurred when conditions were the same as before treatment. RESULTS: According to the Baumgaertner scale, clinical assessment showed overall rates of excellent and good in 191 cases (70.8%) at 2 month post-operatively, and 157 cases (58.1%) at 48 month post-operatively. Comparing the radiologic results before and after treatment using Baumgaertner's scale. the radiologically lower grade was the better result And a degenerative symptom was aggravated an average of 3.8 years. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the arthroscopic treatment is an effective option if used during the early stage of degenerative arthritis of the knee joint.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints* ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: We had examined the effect of high dose MTX loaded acrylic cement in the treatment of type II collagen induced arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we used inbreed rat(16weeks - 20weeks) and divided into control group and experimental groups. inbreed rat was induced arthritis by prepared collagen through injection at the tail base. The control group was injected with collagen only. but the experimental groups were inserted intraperitoneally MTX-loaded acryl cement: 25mg, 20mg, 15mg, and 10mg MTX in acrylic cement (0.5gm) respectively. The histopathologic results were investigated to determine the effect of MTX on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 42th, and 56th day after inserting high dose MTX loaded acrylic cement which was inserted intraperitoneally 2weeks later of collagenase injection RESULTS: The arthritis index of the MTX-loaded groups had reduced than arthritis index of the control group according to the dosage and In histopathological test, the experimental group injected with 15mg, 20mg, and 25mg of MTX had distinctive effects, compared to the control group, as dosage chronologically. CONCLUSION: The treatment of high-dose MTX loaded acrylic cement might be effective on rheumatoid arthritis managment.
Animals ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Collagen ; Collagen Type II* ; Collagenases ; Methotrexate* ; Rats* ; Tail

PURPOSE: Mizoribine (MZR), an inhibitor of Inosine monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase which depletes cellular GTP, is clinically used as an immunosuppressive drug. This study was designed to evaluate the mechanism by which MZR exerts the cytotoxic effect on Jurkat T cells. METHODS: Jurkat T cell is a human T lymphocytic cell line. It was obtained from the Korean Type Culture Collection. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Caspase activity assay, Western blotting, 2-D PAGE, and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using biochemical analysis. Morphologic finding was observed by Hoechst staining. RESULTS: The data demonstrated that the treatment of MZR decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MZR-induced cell death was confirmed as apoptosis, which was characterized by chromatin condensation and H2AX phosphorylation. MZR increased the catalytic activity of caspase-3 protease, -8 protease and -9 proteases. The activation of caspase-3 protease was further confirmed by the degradation of polymerase (PARP), a substrate of caspase-3 protease by MZR in Jurkat T cells. Furthermore, MZR induced the changes of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and the cytosolic release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. In addition, MZR induced the decrease of Bcl-X(L) expression whereas the increase of Bcl-X(S), Bak and Bim expression. Guanosine markedly inhibited cell viability and apoptosis through consistent suppression of the activity of caspase-8 protease, an upstream caspase among the caspase family, H2AX phosphorylation and PARP cleavage in MZR-treated cells. Also, I have screened the expression profile of proteins in the Jurkat T cells by using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Among 300 spots resolved in the 2-D gels, the comparison of the control versus apoptotic cells revealed that the signal intensity of 10 spots was decreased and 5 spots was increased. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that MZR functions as an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase in apoptosis of Jurkat T cells via activation of intrinsic caspase cascades as well as mitochondrial dysfunction.
Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 8 ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Chromatin ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; Electrophoresis ; Flow Cytometry ; Gels ; Guanosine ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Humans ; IMP Dehydrogenase ; Inosine Monophosphate ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitochondria ; Oxidoreductases ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Phosphorylation ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: Mizoribine (MZR), an inhibitor of Inosine monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase which depletes cellular GTP, is clinically used as an immunosuppressive drug. This study was designed to evaluate the mechanism by which MZR exerts the cytotoxic effect on Jurkat T cells. METHODS: Jurkat T cell is a human T lymphocytic cell line. It was obtained from the Korean Type Culture Collection. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Caspase activity assay, Western blotting, 2-D PAGE, and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using biochemical analysis. Morphologic finding was observed by Hoechst staining. RESULTS: The data demonstrated that the treatment of MZR decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MZR-induced cell death was confirmed as apoptosis, which was characterized by chromatin condensation and H2AX phosphorylation. MZR increased the catalytic activity of caspase-3 protease, -8 protease and -9 proteases. The activation of caspase-3 protease was further confirmed by the degradation of polymerase (PARP), a substrate of caspase-3 protease by MZR in Jurkat T cells. Furthermore, MZR induced the changes of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and the cytosolic release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. In addition, MZR induced the decrease of Bcl-X(L) expression whereas the increase of Bcl-X(S), Bak and Bim expression. Guanosine markedly inhibited cell viability and apoptosis through consistent suppression of the activity of caspase-8 protease, an upstream caspase among the caspase family, H2AX phosphorylation and PARP cleavage in MZR-treated cells. Also, I have screened the expression profile of proteins in the Jurkat T cells by using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Among 300 spots resolved in the 2-D gels, the comparison of the control versus apoptotic cells revealed that the signal intensity of 10 spots was decreased and 5 spots was increased. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that MZR functions as an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase in apoptosis of Jurkat T cells via activation of intrinsic caspase cascades as well as mitochondrial dysfunction.
Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 8 ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Chromatin ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; Electrophoresis ; Flow Cytometry ; Gels ; Guanosine ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Humans ; IMP Dehydrogenase ; Inosine Monophosphate ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitochondria ; Oxidoreductases ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Phosphorylation ; T-Lymphocytes*

Congenital laryngeal cleft is a rare anomaly, which can cause serious problems of airway and repeated aspiration pneumonia. It is due m failure of fusion of the posterior cricoid cartilage lamina. Dysphagia with aspiration of food is commonly seen w1h resultant bouts of pneumonia. Detection of an unsuspected minor cleft may be difficult, but the pediatrician should suspect the possibility of deft from the clinical features. This paper includes. a detailed case report of one patient with congenital laryngeal cleft and the review of literatures.
Cricoid Cartilage ; Deglutition Disorders ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Aspiration

BACKGROUND: More remifentanil and less propofol may speed up the early recovery from anesthesia. This study evaluated the hemodynamic response and recovery profile of high-dose remifentanil/lowdose propofol anesthesia, compared with low-dose remifentanil/highdose propofol anesthesia for lower abdominal surgery. METHODS: Sixty women undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to either groups H or L. Anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil 0.5 micro/kg/min and propofol 4 mg/kg/h in group H, or with remifentanil 0.25 micro/kg/min and propofol 8 mg/kg/h in group L. The heart rate, blood pressure, and EEG bispectral index (BIS) score were recorded. At the end of surgery, the anesthetic agents were discontinued, and the early emergence, recovery, and side effects were assessed. RESULTS: In both groups, the heart rate and systolic blood pressure were decreased over time compared with the preanesthetic baseline values (P < 0.05) but there were no differences between the two groups. The frequency of hemodynamic events (hypertension, hypotension, and bradycardia) and their rescue drugs were similar in the two groups. The BIS scores were lower during anesthesia in group L than in group H (P < 0.05). The time to spontaneous ventilation, eye opening on verbal command, extubation, orientation, and full recovery were faster in group H than in group L (P < 0.05). The incidences of side effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In lower abdominal surgery, high-dose remifentanil/ low-dose propofol anesthesia offers faster recovery than low-dose remifentanil/high-dose propofol anesthesia. However, there were no differences in the hemodynamic changes and side effects between the groups.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Propofol* ; Ventilation

On page 97, the second author's name has been incorrectly spelled as So Yon Lee. The correct spelling is So Won Lee.

PURPOSE: The study was done to examine the effects of cognition-behavior integrated breast cancer prevention education, in which a breast model with interchangeable nodules was utilized, on the self-competency of nursing students in performing breast cancer education. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. A traditional lecture intervention was provided for 49 3rd year college of nursing students (control group) while the integrated breast cancer prevention education was given to 47 3rd year students in the same college one year later (experimental group). The integrated breast cancer prevention education was developed by the research team to strengthen the competency of cognitive and behavioral components in education on breast cancer. RESULTS: Effects of the intervention were found to be significant through all study variables: knowledge about breast cancer (t=7.79, p <.001), breast cancer risk awareness (t=2.05, p <.05), self-competency of breast self-exam (t=8.27, p <.001), and intention to teach breast self-exam (t=3.87, p <.001). CONCLUSION: The integrated breast cancer prevention education was useful to improve not only knowledge about breast cancer but competency in performing breast examination for nursing students who acquired technical skills from various simulation nodules. As the program helped the students to be prepared as confident educators, future application of the module is recommended for academic curricula.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast Self-Examination ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Intention ; Students, Nursing