No abstract available.
Carotid Arteries* ; Humans ; Stents*

BACKGROUND: Unilateral lung hyperinflation develops in lungs with asymmetric compliance, which can lead to vital instability. The aim of this study was to investigate the respiratory dynamics and the effect of airway diameter on the distribution of tidal volume during mechanical ventilation in a lung model with asymmetric compliance. METHODS: Three groups of lung models were designed to simulate lungs with a symmetric and asymmetric compliance. The lung model was composed of two test lungs, lung1 and lung2. The static compliance of lung1 in C15, C60, and C120 groups was manipulated to be 15, 60, and 120 ml/cmH₂O, respectively. Meanwhile, the static compliance of lung2 was fixed at 60 ml/cmH₂O. Respiratory variables were measured above (proximal measurement) and below (distal measurement) the model trachea. The lung model was mechanically ventilated, and the airway internal diameter (ID) was changed from 3 to 8 mm in 1-mm increments. RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation ratio of volumes distributed to each lung (VL1/VL2) in airway ID 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were in order, 0.10 ± 0.05, 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.12 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02, and 0.12 ± 0.02 in the C15 group; 1.05 ± 0.16, 1.01 ± 0.09, 1.00 ± 0.07, 0.97 ± 0.09, 0.96 ± 0.06, and 0.97 ± 0.08 in the C60 group; and 1.46 ± 0.18, 3.06 ± 0.41, 3.72 ± 0.37, 3.78 ± 0.47, 3.77 ± 0.45, and 3.78 ± 0.60 in the C120 group. The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of lung1 was significantly increased at airway ID 3 mm (1.65 cmH₂O) in the C15 group; at ID 3, 4, and 5 mm (2.21, 1.06, and 0.95 cmH₂O) in the C60 group; and ID 3, 4, and 5 mm (2.92, 1.84, and 1.41 cmH₂O) in the C120 group, compared to ID 8 mm (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the C15 and C120 groups, the tidal volume was unevenly distributed to both lungs in a positive relationship with lung compliance. In the C120 group, the uneven distribution of tidal volume was improved when the airway ID was equal to or less than 4 mm, but a significant increase of PEEP was observed.
Airway Obstruction ; Compliance ; Lung Compliance* ; Lung* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic ; Respiration, Artificial ; Tidal Volume ; Trachea ; Ventilation

Most complications of carotid endarterectomy originate from either thrombotic or embolic ischemia. Although the incidence of hemorrhagic hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy is extremely rare, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome including impaired cerebral autoregulation and normal pressure breakthrough. Presently, a different mechanism is suggested. Unfortunately, suggestions for prevention are limited to strict perioperative control of hypertension in patients with critical stenosis and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We report hypertensive-like ipsilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy.
Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Ischemia

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify and compare research topics related to disclosure of cancer diagnosis among Korea and other countries using text network analysis. METHODS: Abstracts from 119 studies for the period of 2000~2015 were analyzed. An integrative literature review and text network analysis were applied to examine the research. The keywords from each article's abstracts were extracted by using a program, KrKwic, and analyzed using network-related measures including degree centrality, and clustering using the NetMiner program. RESULTS: The most important core keywords; ‘patient’, ‘cancer’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘disclosure’, ‘truth’, ‘physician’, ‘family’, ‘telling’, ‘information’, ‘preference’, ‘member’, ‘age’, and ‘tell’ ranked highly. Asian countries as Korea, Japan, and China showed a similar high centrality of degree of connection in family, which appeared as a factor that influences cancer diagnosis disclosure. CONCLUSION: These findings showed knowledge structure of disclosure of cancer diagnosis and its research trends. The 11 topics identified in this comparative study can provide further starting points for research of communication with cancer patients and their family.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Diagnosis* ; Disclosure* ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Heart Diseases* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Sciatic Nerve*

BACKGROUND: The concept of the effect-site concentration of anesthetic agents is important. The effect compartment model can be explained using the concepts of effect-site concentration and effect-site equilibration rate constant (k e0). This study confirms that the time-to-peak effect (tpe ) can be measured easily in clinical practice by applying a priming dose and train-of-four (TOF) during general anesthesia induction, and k e0 can be calculated from the tpe of the four muscle relaxants that are commonly used in general anesthesia. METHODS: Eighty patients who received general anesthesia were divided into the succinylcholine, rocuronium, atracurium, or vecuronium groups. Priming doses of muscle relaxants were administered. The effects of muscle relaxants were quantified by recording the twitch response of the adductor pollicis muscle after stimulating the ulnar nerve. The tpe was measured at the lowest TOF value. k e0 was calculated from the measured tpe . RESULTS: The k e0 values of the succinylcholine, rocuronium, atracurium, and vecuronium groups were 0.076 (0.030)/min, 0.228 (0.122)/min, 0.062 (0.011)/min, and 0.077 (0.019)/min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to estimate k e0 from the tpe of muscle relaxants using a priming dose and TOF during general anesthesia induction.
Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics ; Atracurium ; Humans ; Succinylcholine ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with severe pain postoperatively. Femoral nerve block is commonly used for pain control after TKA. This study investigated whether continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) can improve postoperative analgesia and functional outcome as compared to intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) in patients with TKA. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent TKA with spinal anesthesia between March 2014 and February 2015. In Group IV, postoperative pain was managed by IV-PCA. Group CFNB received CFNB-PCA via a device. Thirty patients were enrolled per group. Patient outcomes were assessed by analgesia, functional outcomes, and health-related quality of life factors. RESULTS: Additional analgesics and additional nerve block for adequate pain control were significantly more frequent in the IV than CFNB group (P = 0.015 and P = 0.012, respectively). Range of motion up to 105 degrees was prolonged in the IV group than CFNB group (P = 0.013). EuroQol five dimensions score was improved in the CFNB group than IV group postoperative 3 weeks (P = 0.003). The incidence of transfusion due to postoperative bleeding was significantly frequent in the IV group than CFNB group (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative low concentration continuous femoral nerve block for analgesia after TKA improves analgesia, functional outcomes, and incidence of transfusion without falling risk.
Accidental Falls ; Analgesia* ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee* ; Blood Transfusion ; Electronic Health Records ; Femoral Nerve* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nerve Block ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Outcome Assessment ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular

BACKGROUND: The addition of fentanyl or epinephrine to bupivacaine enhances the quality of intraoperative spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of adding fentanyl or epinephrine to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia solutions used for patients undergoing cesarean section. METHODS: This retrospective study included 391 patients who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia between March 2009 and February 2014. Parturients were categorized into group N (no addition; n = 103), group E (addition of epinephrine; n = 196), and group F (addition of fentanyl; n = 92). Perioperative hemodynamic changes, complications, sensory recovery times, Apgar scores, and cord blood pH were analyzed. RESULTS: Nausea and vomiting occurred more frequently in group E than in the other two groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively). The mean sensory recovery times to T10 level showed statistically significant intergroup differences (P < 0.001). Group F showed the highest 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores, with statistically significant differences amongst the three groups (P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the blood gas analysis variables of the cord blood did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine was related to a longer sensory recovery time than did the addition of nothing or epinephrine. Moreover, it had been associated with beneficial effects such as a reduction in complications following spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Bupivacaine* ; Cesarean Section* ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Fentanyl* ; Fetal Blood ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nausea ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Vomiting

Composite graft and local flaps are good modality for the correction of deformatic scars in facial area but there are several limitations in size, shape and graft bed condition. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a good adjunctive therapy for the successful take of the composite graft and local flaps by providing high arterial oxygen pressure and hyperoxic state promoting angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. However, it has some substantial risks of systemic oxygen toxicity to central nervous system, lung and eyes, and needs hyperbaric chamber system and high cost. We designed a modified technique for administrating hyperbaric oxygen topically with the use of simple materials and wall oxygen for the composite graft and local flap wound. 8 patients who had undergone composite graft and local flap on facial scar area were treated with topical hyperbaric therapy for average 6 days. Grafts were relatively large in size and all of the graft bed was scar tissue due to previous operation, trauma and burn injury. All cases showed successful result and there was no complication reported. The potential advantage of this method includes fairly low expense, no need for specialized equipment, simplicity of the application and lack of systemic complication. We conclude that topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy was a simple, cost-effective and safe method for the adjunctive treatment to the composite graft and local flaps.
Burns ; Central Nervous System ; Cicatrix ; Collagen ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Lung ; Oxygen ; Transplants* ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Optiscope™ is a semi-rigid fiberscope for endotracheal intubation. A camera attached to the distal end of the stylet shows the laryngeal view through an adjustable LCD-monitor attached at the handle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the learning curve of skilled anesthesiologists in the use of Optiscope™. METHODS: Eighty-patients with normal airways were randomly assigned to four anesthesiologists, who did not have previous experience of intubation with Optiscope™. After induction of general anesthesia, the four investigators performed 20 intubations each, using the Optiscope™. Time to intubation (TTI), number of intubation attempts, and reasons of prolonged TTI were evaluated. RESULTS: The success rate of intubation was 98.8%. The TTI was significantly faster in 16th–20th patients (35.0 s, interquartile range 27.3–41.4) than in the first 10 patients (54.1 s, interquartile range 31.2–75.5) (P = 0.006). All patients after the 16th intubation were intubated at the first attempt. Frequent problems encountered were difficulty in getting the stylet tip under the epiglottis, and mucous secretion obscuring the laryngeal anatomy. CONCLUSIONS: Optiscope™ is an effective device for endotracheal intubation. About 15 intubations in patients with normal airways provided clinically adequate experience to the skilled anesthesiologists. Additional maneuver of airway opening such as jaw thrust and sufficient removal of oral secretion, are suggested to reduce TTI.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia, General ; Epiglottis ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Jaw ; Laryngoscopes ; Learning Curve* ; Learning* ; Research Personnel