Promoting women's health lifestyles are important due to their connection to family health. The purpose of this study was to analyse women's health lifestyles(HLP) and their effects on women's life-cycle, so in order to develop a program in a women's health care center. The subjects included were 1080 women over 18 years old living in Wonju city, and were selected by stratified and purposive sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. The Cronbach alpha, %, mean, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression in SPSS PC Win. package was used to analyze the data. The sample was sepernted into three groups premarital group 20.2%(premarital women between 18 and 40 years old), delivery and children rearing group 49.9%(marital women between 18 and 40 years old), over middle agedelderly group 29.9%(women over 41 years old). Significant difference were found in the HPL according to group. Also, relating variables, such as self-efficacy, family functions, health locus of control and gender role perception that were considered relating variables to HPL significantly differed among the tree groups. HLP significantly correlated with self-efficacy, family functions, HLOC and gender role perception in all participants and at all groups. The regression analysis of HPL was interpreted 40.6% with relating variables, self-efficacy, health attention, family functions, and internal locus of control, health perception, power other locus of control and chance locus of control in all participant. Self-efficacy, family functions, health attention were considered important variables in premarital group, self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, health perception and power of control were important in delivery-rearing group. Self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception were important in middle aged-elderly group. As a result, we found the differences HPL scores and relating variables according to life-cycle groups. Therefore, we should prepare health promoting education programs for women according to women's life cycles. Also we suggest that women's health care centers based on communities was needed for proper management of women's health.
Adolescent ; Child ; Education ; Family Health ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Life Cycle Stages ; Life Style* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Women's Health

PURPOSE: To identify the predictors of calcium intake behavior and examine the relationships among bone mineral density, osteoporosis knowledge, osteoporosis health belief, osteoporosis self efficacy and calcium intake behavior of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 94 patients. The measurement tools were osteoporosis knowledge test, osteoporosis health belief scale, osteoporosis self-efficacy and calcium intake frequency questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 11.0 program. RESULTS: The bone mineral density of the lumbar were .75g/cm2, T-score -2.67 and the femur neck were .67g/cm2, T-score -2.30. There was statistically a significant correlation between calcium intake behavior and health motivation (r=.449, p=.000) among the osteoporosis health belief. In hierarchial multiple regression analysis, current spouse(12.8%) and health motivation(19.9%) of the osteoporosis health belief explained the 32.7% of variance in calcium intake behavior. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention should be developed for increasing the calcium intake behavior through promoting health motivation for the postmenopausal osteoporosis women having no spouse currently.
Bone Density ; Calcium* ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Menopause ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal* ; Self Efficacy ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide essential resources on various evaluation strategies by identifying relationships between professor-evaluation, peer-evaluation, and self-evaluation of the core basic nursing skills in nursing students. METHODS: Forty third-year nursing students who participated in core basic nursing skills were given the same checklist that was used for assessment by the examiners. Then, the scores of the professor and the students were compared and analyzed with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The scores of the student peer (178.54) and student self-evaluation(177.74) was significantly higher than the scores of professor-evaluation (172.05),(F=5.03, p=.008). There was a significant, positive correlation between the professor-evaluation and the student-peer-evaluation in skill-scores(r=.47, p=.002) and attitude-scores(r=.52, p<.001). In addition, the professor-evaluation and the self-evaluation each showed a significant, positive correlation in skill-scores(r=.61, p<.001) and attitude-scores(r=.36, p=.023). CONCLUSION: The study result indicates that in order to expand the evaluation method, the professor evaluation, as well as the student self and the peer evaluation, will contribute to improve the educational achievement of learners.
Checklist ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

A meta-analysis of 14 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to compare the effect of size on various relaxation therapies applied to patients and health volunteer students. These studies were selected from theses, dissertations and papers that have been done between 1982 to 1993. Also They have a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pre test-post test design. The studies were evaluated in different ways; 1) types of relaxation therapy, 2) total amount of time of relaxation therapy, and 3) types of outcome variables. For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : 1. Jacobson relaxation therapy had a larger effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressures than on state anxiety. 2. For the total time of relaxation therapy, (longer than 60 minutes) had a much larger effect in decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures than in the case of a time period shorter than 60 minutes. 3. Relaxation therapy applied to surgery patients also had a larger effect in decreasing state anxiety than when applied to other patients.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Relaxation Therapy* ; Relaxation* ; Volunteers

A meta-analysis of 14 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to compare the effect of size on various relaxation therapies applied to patients and health volunteer students. These studies were selected from theses, dissertations and papers that have been done between 1982 to 1993. Also They have a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pre test-post test design. The studies were evaluated in different ways; 1) types of relaxation therapy, 2) total amount of time of relaxation therapy, and 3) types of outcome variables. For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : 1. Jacobson relaxation therapy had a larger effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressures than on state anxiety. 2. For the total time of relaxation therapy, (longer than 60 minutes) had a much larger effect in decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures than in the case of a time period shorter than 60 minutes. 3. Relaxation therapy applied to surgery patients also had a larger effect in decreasing state anxiety than when applied to other patients.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Relaxation Therapy* ; Relaxation* ; Volunteers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Grit (Grit-K) scale for nursing students in Korea. Methods: The participants in the study were 277 nursing students. Their grit was verified by using self-reports and the results of a questionnaire. Grit was translated into Korean and its content validity was verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed by using internal consistency reliability. Results: Two factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and six items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and Grit was found to be an applicable instrument. Conclusion This study shows that the Korean Version of the Grit Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nursing students in Korea.

Purpose: In this study the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the bullying (bullying-K) measure for nurses in Korea was investigated. Methods: Participants included 392 nurses from general hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea and was carried out for 2 months in the form of self reporting questionnaires. In this study the content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability were verified using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: The Korean version of the bullying measurement which is comprised of six factors, with a total of 37 questions that include eleven regarding attacks towards showing oneself and communication, eight regarding effects on psychology and fatigue, eight regarding effects of the organization and management, five regarding attacks towards personal and professional relationships, two regarding effects on health and three regarding effects on social relationships. The Korean version of the bullying measurement was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (x2 /df=2.90, CFI=.90, GFI=.85, NFI=.86, RMR=.06, RMSEA=.06, TLI=.89). Furthermore, the reliability verification showed Cronbach's ⍺= .85, confirming that the Korean version of the tool in this study was very reliable. Conclusion This study showed that the Korean version of the bullying measurement is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses in Korea.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted for development of the Korean version of the Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist civilian version (PCL-C) by evaluating its reliability and validity for the North Korean defectors population. METHODS: A total of 69 North Korean defectors participated in this study. All patients were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient or inpatient ward. We categorized the participants into two groups according to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) diagnosis of PTSD (PTSD, n=32 ; Non-PTSD, n=37). All Subjects completed psychometric assessments, including the PCL-C, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-PTSD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS: Findings provided support for psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PCL-C. The PCL-C showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=0.93), and a significantly positive correlation with CAPS and MMPI-PTSD (r=0.47, r=0.61, respectively). The optimal cutoff point of PCL-C for the North Korean defectors was at a total score of 56 with sensitivity and specificity of 0.88, and 0.50, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, the Korean version of the PCL-C appears to be a valid and reliable measure of PTSD symptoms among the North Korean defectors.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Inpatients ; MMPI ; Outpatients ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*

Cholangiocarcinoma has been associated with various fibrocystic diseases of liver and biliary tract, but cholangiocarcinoma in polycystic liver disease (PLD) was extremely rare. It was reported that the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma associated PLD was very poor and distant metastases were common. We report a rare case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with PLD in 58- year- old female who presented vague abdominal pain. She had also polycystic kidneys with normal renal function. MRI showed well demonstrated tumor with central scar and a adjacent large cyst in the left lobe of the liver. She underwent extended left lobectomy. On microscopic examination, the tumor was moderately differentiated cholangiocarcinoma having abundant fibrous stroma and necrosis and the adjacent cyst showed focal in situ carcinomatous changes in the lining epithelium.
Abdominal Pain ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Cicatrix ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Prognosis ; Cholangiocarcinoma

Syphilitic aortitis, passing out of our mind, is the most common systemic manifestation of late syphilis and is more typically manifestated 10 to 30 years afterward. This diagnosis has been made less frequently in recent decades than in the past, because of public awareness of syphilis and screening program. Treponema pallidum lodge within vasa vasorum, especially ascending aorta cause the histologic changes, which are responsible for the three major forms of symptomatic cardiovascular syphilis, including aortic insufficiency, coronary ostial stenosis, and aortic aneurysm. We experienced a case of syphilitic aortitis with aortic insufficiency and aortic aneurysm in a 48-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea. Echocardiography, chest CT, and later surgical correction were performed and surgical specimen revealed the histologic finding consistent with syphilitic aortitis. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm* ; Aortitis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Cardiovascular* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treponema pallidum ; Vasa Vasorum