We were able to identify 7 patients who died of Behcet's disease, among 2,200 patients registered at the Behcet's Disease Specialty Clinic of Severance Hospital from November 1983 to October 1992. Six were male and one female. Age of death was 31 to 55 years with the mean age of 39.1. The age of onset was 24 to 54 years with the mean age of 32.6. The mean duration of illness was 6.5 years. The most frequent initial symptom was oral ulcer, with the most common type being the incomplete type in Shimizu's classification. Positive pathergy tests were found in all the 5 patients in whom the test was performed out of 7 patients. Various modalities of treatments such as oral steroid, colchicine, azathioprine, colectomy, and pacemaker insertion were attempted without outstanding therapeutic effects. The causes of death were gastrointestinal bleeding, bowel perforation, superior and inferior vena cava syndrome, aortic regurgitation, cerebrovascular disease, sepsis, and lung abscess.
Adult ; *Behcet Syndrome/pathology/therapy ; Cause of Death ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

There are various types of foreign body reactions, such as inflammation, edema, fluid collection, hematoma, infection, abscess and granulomas. There are various imaging findings according to types of foreign bodies and depending on the lapse of time. Therefore, correct diagnosis of a foreign body reaction is difficult and easily confused with soft tissue neoplasm. The MRI is ideal for the detection of foreign bodies regardless of radiolucency or acoustic impedance. It is especially very useful in the evaluation of the surrounding tissue reaction. The authors report a case of a 26-year-old female patient with both forearm swelling due to self-injection of a mixture of powdered tablets and saline. The lesion shows numerous internal T1 and T2 dark signal intensity micro-spots with surrounding fluid collection, which are diagnosed as foreign bodies with surrounding inflammatory changes during an operation.
Abscess ; Acoustics ; Edema ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Forearm ; Foreign Bodies ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Tablets

No abstract available.
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy* ; Reflex*

This study was carried out to determine the possibility of bottle cultivation utilizing recycled oyster mushroom culture waste as a cultivating substrate for P. ostreatus. Total nitrogen percentage was 0.76%, 1.13%, 1.16%, 1.36%, and 1.38% in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-time mixed substrate, respectively; 0.95%, 1.04%, 1.34%, 1.36%, and 1.25% in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-time postharvest substrate, respectively; and 0.72% and 0.68% in the 2- and 3-time nonadditive substrate, respectively. Weight of the fresh fruiting body harvest was 115 g, 120 g, 117 g, 118 g, and 114 g on 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-time mixed substrate, respectively; and 105 g and 45 g on 2- and 3-time nonadditive substrate, respectively. The first mixed substrate (fresh) and recycled substrates generated no significant difference in the weight of fresh fruiting bodies harvested.
Fruit ; Nitrogen ; Pleurotus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), including permanent pacemakers (PM), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices, has increased significantly over the past several years. However, limited data exists regarding temporal trends of CIED implantations in Asian population. This study aimed to investigate temporal trends of CIED treatment in Korea. METHODS: Using the National Health Insurance Service database of the entire Korean adult population, temporal trends of CIED procedures between 2009 and 2016 were evaluated. Additionally, temporal changes in the prevalence of patients' comorbidities were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 35,421 CIED procedures (new implantations: 27,771, replacements: 7,650) were performed during the study period. The mean age of new CIED recipients and the prevalence of comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillation, increased substantially with time. Compared to 2009, the number of new implantations of PM, ICD, and CRT devices increased by 2.0 (1,977 to 3,910), 3.6 (230 to 822), and 4.9 (44 to 217) times in 2016, respectively. The annual new implantation rate of CIED also increased accordingly (5.1 to 9.3 for PM, 0.6 to 1.9 for ICD, and 0.1 to 0.5 for CRT devices, per 100,000 persons). CONCLUSIONS The number of CIED implantation increased substantially from 2009 to 2016 in Korea. Also, the patients with CIED have been changed to be older and have more comorbidities. Therefore, the burden of health care cost in patients with CIED would be expected to increase in the future.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), including permanent pacemakers (PM), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices, has increased significantly over the past several years. However, limited data exists regarding temporal trends of CIED implantations in Asian population. This study aimed to investigate temporal trends of CIED treatment in Korea. METHODS: Using the National Health Insurance Service database of the entire Korean adult population, temporal trends of CIED procedures between 2009 and 2016 were evaluated. Additionally, temporal changes in the prevalence of patients' comorbidities were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 35,421 CIED procedures (new implantations: 27,771, replacements: 7,650) were performed during the study period. The mean age of new CIED recipients and the prevalence of comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillation, increased substantially with time. Compared to 2009, the number of new implantations of PM, ICD, and CRT devices increased by 2.0 (1,977 to 3,910), 3.6 (230 to 822), and 4.9 (44 to 217) times in 2016, respectively. The annual new implantation rate of CIED also increased accordingly (5.1 to 9.3 for PM, 0.6 to 1.9 for ICD, and 0.1 to 0.5 for CRT devices, per 100,000 persons). CONCLUSIONS: The number of CIED implantation increased substantially from 2009 to 2016 in Korea. Also, the patients with CIED have been changed to be older and have more comorbidities. Therefore, the burden of health care cost in patients with CIED would be expected to increase in the future.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; Comorbidity ; Defibrillators, Implantable ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Epidemiology ; Health Care Costs ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Prevalence ; Stroke

PURPOSE: To achieve pathologic correlation in areas of ground-glass attenuation (GGA) in usual interstitialpneumonia(UIP) and, using serial thin-section CT, to observe changes in those lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:CT-pathologic correlation was performed at 20 sites of GGA in 18 patients with UIP. Two chest radiologistsassessed serial CT scans, focusing particularly on areas of GGA where open lung biopsy had been performed.Pathologic score of inflammation vs. fibrosis was recorded by two independent lung pathologists. RESULTS: Oninitial CT, GGA appeared as an isolated manifestation at one site, mixed with irregular lines at six, and mixedwith both irregular lines and bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis at thirteen. Pathologically, those areascorresponded respectively to areas of active inflammation, dominant inflammation, and dominant fibrosis. Theextent of GGA seen on follow-up CT decreased when it was an isolated finding (n=1), and at four of six sites (67%)where it was associated with irregular lines. At the remaining two sites, GGA persisted. GGA, when combined withirregular lines and bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis, persisted (n=6) or progressed (n=7). CONCLUSION: GGA in UIP,when it appears combined with irregular lines and bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis, pathologically denotes areas offibrosis and does not improve with treatment. Isolated areas of GGA or GGA associated with irregular lines appearto be inflammatory and improve with treatment.
Biopsy ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Pneumonia*

To determine the optimal medium conditions for the detection of the cellulolytic activity in Ganoderma lucidum, we varied three media conditions: dye reagent, pH, and temperature. First, we evaluated the use of four dyes, Congo Red, Phenol Red, Remazol Brilliant Blue, and Trypan Blue. To observe the effect of pH on the chromogenic reaction, we also made and tested various media spanning acidic and alkaline pHs, ranging from 4.5 to 8.0. Furthermore, in order to research the effect of temperature on the clear zone and the fungus growing zone, we tested temperatures ranging from 15 to 35degrees C. On the whole, the best protocol called for Ganoderma lucidum transfer onto media containing Congo red with pH adjusted to 7.0, followed by incubation at 25degrees C for 5 days. Our results will be useful to researchers who aim to study extracellular enzyme activity in Ganoderma lucidum.
Benzenesulfonates ; Coloring Agents ; Congo Red ; Diminazene ; Fungi ; Ganoderma ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Reishi ; Trypan Blue

To obtain basic information on the detection of cellulolytic activity in Auricularia auricula-judae, the influences of dye reagent, pH, and temperature were assessed. Chromogenic dye (congo red, phenol red, remazol brilliant blue, and trypan blue) was individually incorporated into a medium containing either carboxymethyl-cellulose, Avicel, or D-cellobiose as a polysaccharide carbon substrate. The other assessments utilized pHs ranging from 4.5 to 8.0 and temperatures from 15~35degrees C. Overall, when A. auricula-judae species were transferred onto media contained Congo red and adjusted pH 7.0 and then incubated at 25degrees C for 5 days, the clear zone indicative of cellulolytic activity was more pronounced.
Benzenesulfonates ; Carbon ; Cellulose ; Congo Red ; Diminazene ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Phenolsulfonphthalein