PURPOSE: It is important in asthmatic children to encourage ordinary physical activity. However physical activities in winter are limited excessively by their parents for fear of bronchospasm by cold air and exercise. Children's asthma camps help them to learn about asthma management, make new friends with other asthmatic children, have positive attitude about the disease and have a more active lifestyle. But there have been few asthma camps and appropriate asthma camp programs have not been developed in Korea. Our study was done to see how camp programs influenced on asthma patient by measuring of PEFR during camp programs and thereby to have the data be used for future development of asthma camp programs. METHODS: From January 19th to 22th 1998, we recruited for camp 17 asthmatic patients and 31 normal children who had no history of admission due to respiratory infection. The main camp programs consisted of skiing and sledding. PEFR was checked 5 times a day and we analyzed variation of PEFR in relation to daily activities, temperature, humidity of atmosphere. RESULTS: 1) The mean age was 8 years with a range of 5 years to 11 years with male predominance (male/female : 2.4/1) in asthma group and the mean age was 10 years with a range of 5 years to 16 years with female predominance (male/female: 1/2) in control group. 2) The mean PEFR (% predicted) was checked early morning, prior to breakfast, lunchtime, supper and at the end of the day's activities (before sleeping) were 90.43+/-24.15%, 93.48+/-19.42%, 98.99+/-25.89%, 96.77+/-21.23%, 100.9+/-20.86% in asthma group and 93.69+/-16.41%, 94.49+/-17.13%, 94.15+/-17.28%, 96.84+/-16.44%, 96.52+/-16.24% in control group. All values were within normal range and there was no significant change of the mean PEFR value in relation to daily activity. The values of PEFR were low at early morning. We have observed a significant difference of PEFR between early morning and before sleeping in asthma group (P<0.05). 3) In the asthma group, 2 cases had respiratory difficulty prior to lunchtime but symptoms were resolved after bronchodilator nebulization. CONCLUSION: We recommend ski or sledding to be safe as one of the programs for asthma camp but control of asthma attack is needed because lung function is decreased at night and appropriate warming up is needed before cold air sports.
Asthma ; Atmosphere ; Breakfast ; Bronchial Spasm ; Child ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Humidity ; Korea ; Life Style ; Lunch ; Lung ; Male ; Meals ; Motor Activity ; Parents ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Reference Values ; Skiing ; Snow Sports ; Sports

Fractures of the lateral process of the talus (LPT) are considered rare, accounting for less than 1% of all ankle injuries in the general population. These fractures are nearly 15 times more likely to occur in snowboarders. Recently, the number of population who started enjoying cable-wakeboard is increasing and this sport may cause fracture of the LPT by axial loading occur on the LPT while boarding or trick. We report on a case of involving LPT fracture during cable-wakeboard trick with successful screw osteosynthesis.
Ankle Injuries ; Skiing ; Sports ; Talus

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and severity of wrist injuries in snowboarding. METHODS: December 2005 to February 2008, Snowboarders who experienced wrist injures were included in this study. On the basis of the medical records and radiographic evaluation, the severity of distal radius fracture was classified according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF) classification. RESULTS: Most of the injured snowboarders were a either of the beginner (35 cases, 46.1%) or the intermediate (27 cases, 35.5%) level. The most common cause of injury in snowboarding was a slip down (60 cases, 78.9%). Comminuted and articular fractures classified as AO types A3, B, and C, which required surgical reduction, made up 42.3% of the distal radial fractures in snowboarders. When we analyzed the differences in severity between the educated and the non-educated groups, an A2 type injury in the AO classification was the most common type of injury in the educated group (20 cases, 38.5%), it means less severe fractures ocurred in the educated group (p=0.045). The most frequent injury mechanism of fractures was slip down (48 cases, 63.2%), and a slip down backwards was the dominant type of slip down (36 cases, 75.0%) (p=0.031). CONCLUSION: Among the snowboarders in this study who suffered self-down injury to the wrist, more fractures were associated with a backwards slip down than with a forward slip down due to over extension. For educated snowboarders the severity of fracture was lower than it was for uneducated snowboarders.
Medical Records ; Radius Fractures ; Skiing ; Wrist ; Wrist Injuries

Tricuspid regurgitation after blunt chest trauma is rarely seen in the emergency department. A 19-year-old patient visited our emergency department with chest discomfort after collision with his brother while skiing. Recently, Skiing as a winter sports has become popular with the Korean people, so there is an increasing tendency for patients with diverse traumas associated with ski accidents to visit the emergency department. From simple abrasions or contusions to deadly injuries with unstable vital signs, we are seeing many kind of injuries in the emergency department. We present the case report of a patient with tricuspid regurgitation after a blunt chest trauma during the skiing.
Contusions ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Siblings ; Skiing ; Sports ; Thorax* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency* ; Vital Signs ; Young Adult

Tricuspid regurgitation after blunt chest trauma is rarely seen in the emergency department. A 19-year-old patient visited our emergency department with chest discomfort after collision with his brother while skiing. Recently, Skiing as a winter sports has become popular with the Korean people, so there is an increasing tendency for patients with diverse traumas associated with ski accidents to visit the emergency department. From simple abrasions or contusions to deadly injuries with unstable vital signs, we are seeing many kind of injuries in the emergency department. We present the case report of a patient with tricuspid regurgitation after a blunt chest trauma during the skiing.
Contusions ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Siblings ; Skiing ; Sports ; Thorax* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency* ; Vital Signs ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Ski injuries depend on many factors which involve the skier's skill, the skiing environment, and skier's equipment. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with fractures by skiing accident. SUBJECT: We evaluated 566 patients with ski injuries who visited to the emergency post located in the YongPyong Ski Resorts from Nov. 1996 to Feb. 1997. Among the patients,379 patients had no fracture(group I) and 187 patients had fracture(group II). RESULT: There was no differences in mean age and sex ratio between two groups. Fractures of the lower extremities were more common than the upper extremities. Slipping was the most common injury mechanism. arming-up was done in 40% of group I and in 17% of group II. The fracture injuries were more common in the skier with intermediate(45%) skill than the beginner(29%) and the ones with advanced skill(12%). The slope with intermediate difficulty was the most frequent site of fracture accidents. The fracture group tended to choose the slope beyond their skiing ability. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that fracture during skiing can be prevented if skiers do warming-up prior to skiing and choose slope appropriate to their skiing skill.
Emergencies ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Sex Ratio ; Skiing ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: The rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district, Zhangjiakou city, one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Careful evaluation is required to observe which injuries are caused under what circumstances, and then we can make corresponding preventive measures and recommendations based on the results. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the data of injury cases at ski resorts in China (Chongli district) and Japan were analyzed to provide a reference for the ongoing injury prevention at ski resorts. We collected data on injuries at Wanlong and Fulong ski resorts in Chongli district during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 ski seasons. We referred to the skiing injury report issued in February 2020 of a nationwide ski safety statistical service - Japan Ski Safety Association. The causes of injury and specific injured body parts were analyzed based on the data of Chinese and Japanese ski resorts. Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: During the 2019-2020 ski season in Japanese ski resorts, the number of reported injuries per 10,000 skiers was 0.93, of which 457 (17.3%) were over 50 years old, accounting for a large proportion of injuries, meanwhile in Chongli ski resort, the injury rate of skiers aged 50 and over was 7.1%. The knee joint (23.7% at Wanlong ski resort and 28.4% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most injured body part among Chongli and Japanese skiers. Among snowboarders, shoulder joint injury (17.7% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most common, and injury on hands and fingers (16.3% in Wanlong ski resorts) was the most common. Head injury rates are similar in Chongli, China and Japanese ski resorts (8.2% and 8.7%, respectively). CONCLUSION Our analysis demonstrated that injury data recorded among young skiers was higher in Chinese ski resorts (Chongli district) than that in Japanese ski resorts, and elderly skiers made up a larger proportion of skiing injuries in Japanese resorts. Thus, according to our research, the protection of knee joints, shoulder joints, and hands and fingers should be taken seriously. It should pay attention to the teaching of ski poles (for finger protection), and use protective devices such as knee pads, helmets, etc.
Aged ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Athletic Injuries/prevention & control* ; Skiing/injuries* ; Japan/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVE: To make a retrospective analysis of the situation and process of treating skiers' injuries in the medical station of the Wanlong ski resort in Chongli and the nearest treatment hospital, and to provide a basis for the establishment and optimization of the treatment process between the medical station of the Winter Olympics ski resort and the nearest treatment hospital, and to gain experience for medical security of mass skiing. METHODS: The data of all ski injuries in Chongli District were collected from the medical station of the Wanlong ski resort during the 2018-2019 snow season (November 2018 to April 2019) and the nearest treatment hospital during two periods (March 2019, and November 2019 to January 2020). The differences of injury causes, injury types, injury sites, and treatment effects of the injured skiers were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 755 cases of ski injuries were recorded in the medical station of Wanlong ski resort, the estimated incidence of injury was 2.02‰ per day. The nearest treatment hospital treated a total of 838 injured skiers from different ski resorts in Chongli District in the two periods. In the records of the ski resort medical station, the main causes of injury were technical defects and turnovers (53.6%). Knee joint injury rate was the highest (18.7%), followed by head and neck (12.9%) and lower limb (11.9%). The number of injuries on intermediate roads was the highest (40.0%), the greatest number of injuries (81.2%) occurred when the age of skiing was less than 5 years. In the records of the nearest treatment hospital, the injury types were fracture or fissure fracture, contusion and trauma, and muscle and soft tissue injury, accounting for 30.5%, 27.4%, and 21.2% respectively. 9.6% of the injured took the snow field ambulance to the hospital, and 50% of them suffered from fractures or fissure fractures. CONCLUSION The injury rate of skiing in the 2018-2019 snow season of the Wanlong ski resort in Chongli was higher than that reported by foreign literature. Severe trauma (including severe fractures and concussions) could occur and patients needed to be transferred to the nearest hospital for treatment. The ski resort medical station and the nearest treatment hospital should be strengthened with adequate medical staff and equipment, and promote cooperation in the timely referral of seriously injured patients, the organization and construction of ski patrols and the medical security of large-scale competitions, thus playing an important role in forming a grassroots network of medical security and treatment system for skiing.
Athletic Injuries/therapy* ; Child, Preschool ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Skiing

OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the difference between the injuries of recreational skiers in public ski resorts and those of skiing athletes in official competitions, and to explore the suggestions of medical insurance for these two types of skiers. METHODS: The injury data of recreational skiers in Chongli District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 snow seasons, and the injury data of skiers in two official international skiing competitions during 2019-2020 snow season and domestic test events in Chongli District of 2021 Winter Olympic Games were analyzed retrospectively, and the similarities and differences were compared. RESULTS: A total of 1 187 injuries occurred to recreational skiers in the two public ski resorts during the 2018-2019 snow season, with an injury rate of 0.3%.There were 1 277 injury sites in total, and the most frequent injury sites were head and neck (230 cases, 18.0%), followed by knee joint (204 cases, 16.0%) and lower extremity (131 cases, 10.3%). Thirty-one skiers were injured in the two official international skiing competitions in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 snow season, and in the domestic test competitions in the 2021 Winter Olympic Games, and the injury rates were 11.5%, 17.2% and 12.0%, respectively. There were 37 injury sites in total, among which 11 (29.7%) were in the head and neck, followed by 6 (16.2%) in the knee joint and 5 (13.6%) in the chest, rib and abdomen. CONCLUSION In order to better guarantee the safety of skiers and timely provide corresponding medical help, safety facilities and technical guidance should be added to the snow resort for leisure skiing, and medical stations should be set up in the snow resort. As the formal ski racing for skiing athletes during the game has 30 to 80 times higher injury ratesthan recreational skiers, and compared with the recreational skiing, head and neck injury rate is higher, and the damage is much heavier, more complete first aid facilities and experienced medical workers are, needed so the field should be equipped with the circuit inside the quantities, track fixed outside the clinic, surrounding referral hospitals set up trauma centers to provide athletes with more timely medical care.
Athletic Injuries/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Skiing ; Trauma Centers

The purpose of this study was to explore the risk and pattern of injury which can happen to first time skier and snowboarder. From December 2006 to March 2008, questionnaires were provided to 7,786 patients injured from skiing or snowboarding and hospitalized. First time and experienced groups were distinguished through questionnaire and accidental reports. The differences in incidence, cause of injury, affected body region, type of injury, and severity of injury were compared between the two groups. Falling or slip down was the most common cause of injury in first timers, while collision with person was most common in experienced. Injured sites were similar in both ski and snowboard with arm and wrist as the most frequent injured body region. Sprain and contusion were the most common injury type for both groups. However, the incidence of ligament injury was higher in the first time skiers and concussion and dislocation in the first time snowboarders compared to the experienced. In conclusion, beginners in skiing and snowboarding happened to show different cause and features of injury compared to the experienced. Therefore beginners need effective programs differed from the ones of experienced, such as mentioning risks of skiing and snowboarding and reserving a porting of slopes to the beginners. Moreover, It is necessary to develop and effectively use protective gear in order to secure elbow joint and wrist eminence.
Arm ; Body Regions ; Contusions ; Dislocations ; Elbow Joint ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligaments ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skiing ; Sprains and Strains ; Wrist