PURPOSE: The purpose of present study was to discover the experience of the body of aged women, having had disease. Thus, the researcher tried to explore the perception of the informants and the context in which this perception emerged. METHODS: 9 aged women who had disease or trauma were recruited by snow balling and theoretical sampling methods. The iterative data collection and analyzing process proceeded between September, 1999 and January, 2005. Questions posed to the informants included: "What major change in your body comes from the disease?" "How did you feel about yourself after having had disease?". Data from interviews and participant observation was taken as text. The text was analyzed using the ongoing process of qualitative content analysing method and taxonomy of Spradley. RESULTS: Disease gives aged women a chance to reinforce the meaning of their body: the body as the most low valued component of a human, the body as a wholistic field of interacting each component of human and with natural environment and cosmos, and the body as a source of group identity. These meanings were constructed in their life world by the rules of hierarchy, reciprocity, and group cohesiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The human body is constructed as a cultural being by a social process. Nursing is concerned with the biological body and the social body. The results of this study can serve to help understand the socialization of the body and to construct a somology of nursing.
Classification ; Data Collection ; Female ; Human Body ; Humans ; Nursing ; Snow ; Socialization

In order to fine out the relationship between traffic accidents and atmospheric phenomena, we have analyzed 2,562 cases, one tenth of the total traffic accidents occurred in Taegu city for a year in 1988. The meteorological elements observed by Taegu Weather Bureau were used. It was divided into two largy categories: the patterns of accident as human injuries and destructions of car. When the accidents were overlapped in each other, it was considered as human injury. Human injuries were subdivided into three parts: death, severe damage. The average number of daily traffic accidents including human injuries were lowest in winter of four seasons. The accident patterns in accordance with the seasons showed statistically significant difference. The frequency was the highest as 3.3 case in an hour at 25.1-30.0 degrees C of atmospheric temperature, the rate of human injury showed the increase by the increased temperature. But there were not significant. Also it was the highest as 3.7 cases in less than 31% of humidity and the rate of human injury was the highest at 41-50%, but not significant. And it was the increasing tendency as wind speed increase, and the rate of human injury was the highest at 6.1-7.0m/sec, but it was not significant. In relation to precipitation, and visibility, were the highest as 5.4 cases at 5.1-10.0 mm of rainfall, the rate of human injury was increased by the increased precipitation and showed statistically significant. And it was highest within 6 Km of visibility, but the rate of the human injury was the lowest within same distance, and also showed significance. The accidents were higher with snow on the road, but the rate of human injury was comparatively lower, but no significance.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Daegu ; Humans ; Humidity ; Seasons ; Snow ; Weather ; Wind

Amylosporus sulcatus sp. nov. is described from Nonggang Nature Reserve, southern China, on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The morphological description and illustrations for the new species are provided. The species is characterized by pileate and stipitate basidiocarps. The pileus surface is obviously concentrically and radiately sulcate and tomentum, and the pore surface is snow white. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA confirmed it to be a new species.
China* ; Classification ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; Snow

Objective To analyze the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the patients with snow-white sign of advanced colorectal adenoma (ACA) and explore its clinical significance.Method Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of COX-2 in the adenoma tissue and the normal tissue adjacent to the adenoma tissue (>5 cm away from the distal end of the adenoma tissue) of 40 ACA patients with snow-white sign and 40 ACA patients without snow-white sign.Results The appearance of snow-white sign in ACA patients was associated with patient age (P=0.001) and not associated with sex,smoking history,drinking history,ethnic groups,family history of colorectal cancer,abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation,fecal occult blood,or tumor markers (all P>0.05).Snow-white sign mainly appeared in the ACA patients with multiple adenomas (P=0.004),large adenomas (P=0.006),adenomas in distal colon (P=0.015),protruding polyps (P=0.044),and late-stage pathology (P=0.010).The occurrence of snow-white sign showed no difference in the ACA patients with different results of Japan NBI Expert Team classification (P=0.502).The expression of COX-2 in the adenoma tissue was higher than that in the adjacent normal tissue in the patients with and without snow-white sign (P<0.001,P=0.004).The patients with snow-white sign had higher expression of COX-2 protein in the adenoma tissue than the patients without snow-white sign (P=0.001).The expression of COX-2 protein in the adjacent healthy tissue had no significant difference between the patients with and without snow-white sign (P=0.603).Conclusions Snow-white sign is more like to appear in the ACA patients with young age,multiple and large adenomas,adenomas in distal colon,protruding polyps,and late-stage pathology.Moreover,the expression of COX-2 in the ACA patients with snow-white sign is significantly higher than that in the ACA patients without snow-white sign.The adults with snow-white sign are prone to cancerization than those without snow-white sign.
Adult ; Humans ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Snow ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Adenoma

To analysis the trend of ski and snow board injury, and use this study result in designing injuries prevention strategy. We studied 25,292 patients who had the ski and snow board injuries in a ski resort in Pyeongchang Gun, Gangwon Do, Korea during 1999-2001 season, 2005-2007 season, and 2008-2010 season. They were studied with a questionnaires, physical examination and radiograph. And the analysis was based on age, sex, injury type and site and slope level of difficulty. Snow board related injury have increased, injury to teens and thirties increased, injury to female snowboarder increased (p<0.001), contusion type of ski and snow board injury increased (p<0.001) and upper extremity injury increased but beginner grade slope injury (p<0.001) decreased since last 10 years. The overall type and site of ski and snowboard injuries have changed due to increased snowboard injury, gender and age of them have shown the diversity since last 10 years.
Adolescent ; Contusions ; Female ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; Korea ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seasons ; Snow ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe physical health and depression status, as well as to assessing factors that influence the physical health status. METHOD: The data was collected from July to August 2000. Study participants were 252 community-dwelling elderly who were recruited from 10 senior centers located in Seoul, Korea. Their physical health status was measured using the Physical Health Status Measurement Scale developed by Choi and Jung (1991), and depression was measured using BDI-II developed by Beck et al. (1996). RESULTS: 1) The physical health status score was 4.00 +/-0.68 (range :1-5). The sub-dimension that showed the highest score was personal hygiene ability at 4.62+/-0.95, and the lowest score was sexual function at 2.20+/-1.38. 2. The depression score was 17.99+9.79 (range : 0-63). Regarding the sub-dimensions, the depression scores were higher in the domain of interest with sexuality, general weakness, difficulty in concentration, and fatigue. 3. Deeper levels of depression were correlated with a declining physical health status. 4. The most influential factor on physical health was depression, and the explaining variance was 31.68%. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that elder subjects in senior centers had fairly good physical health and self-care ability. Also, they did not have significantly high levels of depression. Therefor, health promotion of elderly, it is recommended that elder individuals should be regarded as a respectful and useful segment of our society. Along with this basic concept, there should be a social milieu that does not snow prejudice. Moreover, health care professionals should give more attention to helping the elderly achieve a minimal level of ALD, and, particularly, to raise sexuality and help energize the lives of elder individuals.
Aged* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression* ; Fatigue ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Korea ; Prejudice ; Self Care ; Senior Centers ; Seoul ; Sexuality ; Snow

Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Three maior genogrovps of HuCVs have been described including the Norwalk virus (NV)-, the Snow Mountain virus (SMA)-, and the Sapporo-genogroups. This study describes the detection and genetic variation of HuCVs from hospitalized infants with AGE in Korea by RT-PCR and sequencing. The cDNA fragments of 206 to 470bp corresponding to the region of 3 primer pairs (36/35, 35/51 or 3/51) in the polymerase region of NV were generated. Of 185 stools screened, 8% were positive by RT-PCR and their sequences showed that all strains contained the GLPSG and YGDD motifs which are conserved for HuCVs. Amino acid (aa) sequence analysis showed that these strains can be divided into 3 maior genogroups. High conservation was observed in that one strain shares 100% of as sequence with Southampton virus, another shares 99% with the Sapporo virus, and six strains share 90 to 95% with Snow Mountain virus. However, significant sequence variation was also found in other strains. This study indicates that all maior genogroups of HuCVs are circulating in Korea.
Disease Outbreaks ; DNA, Complementary ; Gastroenteritis ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans* ; Infant ; Korea* ; Norwalk virus ; RNA Replicase* ; Sapovirus ; Sequence Analysis ; Snow

Clinical observation was made on the 16 patients of penile carcinoma admitted to the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period from September, 1967 to August, 1976 and the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of penile carcinoma was 0.5% of total inpatients of urologic department and 3.5% of male genitourinary tumors. 2. Age distribution was between 29 and 78, snowing highest incidence at 50-59 years. 3. Clinical findings were; mass 77%, discharge 28%, ulcer 25%, bleeding 13%, and inguinal lymphadenopathy 50%. 4. The average duration of the symptoms on admission to hospital was 10 months with the highest incidence in 1 to 6 months. 5. The locations of the tumors were; preputial cavity 87%, confined to glans 6%, penile shaft involved 6%. 6. Treatments were made with partial amputation in 50%, partial amputation with inguinal lymphadenectomy in 37%, and biopsy in 13%.
Age Distribution ; Amputation ; Biopsy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Penis* ; Seoul ; Snow ; Ulcer ; Urology

PURPOSE: Hexadactyly without thumb is a rare congenital anomaly of the hand where six triphalangeal digits are symmetrically distributed without thumb. Contrary to mirror hands, triphalangeal six digits are symmetrically distributed on each side at the midline with well-differentiated carpal bones, extensor tendons, one ulna and one radius. The authors developed a new surgical technique based on a three-dimensional concept to correct the hexadactyly and applied to 2 cases of hexadactyly with good functional and aesthetic results. Here we document the surgical technique and its result. METHODS: A 16 month old male patient visited our clinic with chief complaints of bilateral hexadactyly deformity. On physical examination most radial first and second digits showed no opposition and adduction motion on both side hands. Radiography showed 6 triphalangeal digits with normal development of carpal, radial and ulnar bone. Right side abnormality was corrected by removal of most radial side extra-digit, rotation and migration of 2nd ray to thumb position and creation of 1st web by transposing a mid-palm based rectangular palmar flap as in Snow & Littler procedure which has been being applied for correction of 1st web syndactyly in cleft hand deformity. Seven months later, left side abnormality was also corrected with the same procedure. RESULTS: Postoperative appearances of the both hands were satisfactory. Flexion, extension, opposition and grasping were possible with the pollicized 2nd ray. Pinching power was 3.0kg 15 months after the surgery and 2.5kg 22 months after in right hand respectively. CONCLUSION: In correction of hexadactyly deformity, satisfactory aesthetic and relevant functional results can be expected with authors' newly developed technique: removal of most radial digit, rotation and migration of 2nd digit to thumb position as well as creation of the 1st web space by transposition of mid-palm based rectangular flap.
Carpal Bones ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Hand ; Hand Deformities ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Radius ; Snow ; Syndactyly ; Tendons ; Thumb ; Ulna

PURPOSE: Through a clinical and retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who visited the Regional Emergency Medical Center of Masan Samsung Hospital from January 2007 to December 2008, we characterized pediatric and adolescent emergency patients to improve emergency care in future. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 14,065 pediatric patients below 19 years of age. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.5:1, and the most common age group was less than 3 years (49.6%). The peak month was May (10.0%), the peak day of the week was Sunday (24.7%), and the peak time of day was 20:00.20:59 (8.5%). There was no difference in the number of visits per day based on weather (sunny, rain [below 10 mm per day], snow, and fog) or daily temperature difference; however, visits increased on sandy, dusty days and decreased on rainy days with more than 10 mm of rain per day. Based on the international classification of disease (ICD)-10 system, the most common disease code was code R (symptoms, sign, and abnormal clinical laboratory finding) (31.5%), and the most common symptom was fever (13.1%). Final outcomes were discharged (73.8%), admitted (25.7%), transferred (0.4%), and expired (0.1%). In adolescent patients aged 15.19 years, the most common disease code was Injury & Poisoning (code S&T, 36.9%); the most common symptom was abdominal pain (9.6%). CONCLUSION: Pediatric patients visiting the emergency center were most likely to be male and under 3 years of age and to visit between 20:00 and 21:00 on Sundays and in May, and the most common symptom was fever. Differences between adolescents and pediatric patients showed that adolescents had a higher visiting rate with abdominal pain and a larger temperature difference.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Child ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Female ; Fever ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Medical Records ; Nitroimidazoles ; Rain ; Retrospective Studies ; Snow ; Sulfonamides ; Weather