OBJECTIVETo examine the association between social support and successful smoking cessation outcomes in males from rural areas.

METHODSA community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 adult male cases who appeared to be successful spontaneous smoking quitters as cases, together with other 700 adult males who failed quitting smoking to serve, as controls. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to assess the individual social support. Multiple linear method was used to evaluate the relationship between social support and the outcome of successful cessation in smoking.

RESULTSAfter adjusting the potential confounders as age, education, marital status, profession, age of initial smoking and number of pack-years on smoking, the adjusted mean of subjective social support in successful quitters was significant lower than that in the failed ones (P<0.001). The differences of adjusted means between objective social support and its utility were not statistically different in the two groups among the population who recognized that cigarettes should always be provided when people interact with each other (P=0.124; P=0.763). However, the adjusted means of social support and the related three dimensions did not show significant differences in the two groups among the population in disapproval of the above said social norms (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONData from our research indicated that social support would negatively affect the successful spontaneous cessation of smoking among people under unhealthy smoking culture.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population ; Smoking ; psychology ; Smoking Cessation ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention ; Social Support

OBJECTIVETo study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation.

METHODSA community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking.

RESULTSAfter adjusting the potential confounders of age, age of smoking initiation, marital status, profession, and education, the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ, followed by psychological image, automatic, hand-mouth activity, indulgence, and addiction.

CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

Adult ; Behavior, Addictive ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Smoking ; psychology ; Smoking Cessation ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study aims to understand the extent of adolescents' attempts to quit using tobacco and the factors influencing such attempts in Korea, using a descriptive, cross-sectional design and secondary data analysis with the 2019 Youth Health Behavior Survey. METHODS: The participants were 4028 adolescent tobacco users who had used tobacco for 1 day or more in the past 30 days. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 26.0 program, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using the complex sampling method module. RESULTS: A total of 68.2% of the participants attempted to quit using tobacco. We analyzed the factors for adolescents' attempts to quit using tobacco by dividing them into psychological, physical, behavioral, and environmental dimensions. The factors influencing adolescents' attempts to quit using tobacco, identified through multivariable logistic regression analysis, are as follows: participation in sports activities (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.41), vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46), and type of tobacco product used (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.21) in the behavioral dimension; pictorial cigarette pack warnings (perceived smoking as unhealthy) (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.56-2.36), and the presence of secondhand smoking at home (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.38) in the environmental dimension. CONCLUSIONS Schools and public healthcare providers must consider multidimensional factors when providing support for successful tobacco cessation in adolescents and focus particularly on elements relating to physical activity and environmental factors.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data* ; Tobacco Smoking/psychology*

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Beijing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smokers/statistics & numerical data* ; Smoking/psychology* ; Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data* ; Young Adult

Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Program Evaluation ; Smoking Cessation ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEFactors associated with smoking cessation interventions initiated by hospital chest physicians in China had not been studied. We examined if the physicians' awareness of emerging evidence regarding negative effects of smoking was associated with the initiation of smoking cessation.

METHODSA cluster randomized cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 2011 to August 2011 in hospital-based chest physicians (n = 354) in Guangzhou, China.

RESULTSOf those who responded (n = 354, 92.2%), 63.8% were aware of emerging evidence regarding negative effects of smoking and 64.5% initiated smoking cessation programs with their patients who smoked. Regarding the related awareness on smoking differed across physicians depending on their affiliation to evidence hospitals(χ(2) = 54.7, P > 0.001), i.e., primary (44.9%), secondary (55.1%)and tertiary hospitals (87.0%)was further supported by the related odds ratio (OR = 1.732, 95%CI:1.072-2.797, P < 0.05). Smoking status of physicians was related to their practice on smoking cessation, supported by the odds ratio (OR = 4.251, 95% CI:1.460-12.380, P = 0.008). Smoking cessation practice by physicians also depended on their affiliated hospitals. Physicians working at primary and secondary hospitals were less aware of the fact that smoking could reduce patients' responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids than those working at the tertiary hospitals(χ(2) = 37.9, P > 0.001). Furthermore, these physicians would less frequently prescribed medication related to smoking cessation(χ(2) = 137.71, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONPhysicians who were better aware of the health hazards of smoking might more actively provide smoking cessation advice in their clinics. The awareness might correlate with the hospital levels they worked and the smoking status while the the advice they provided might correlate with their educational background, job title, department affiliation and smoking status, but not with the level of hospitals.

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Physicians ; psychology ; Smoking Cessation ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: Smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD. Understanding the smoking rate, current smoking rate, average age to start smoking and average daily consumption of cigarettes among people aged ≥40 years in China can provide scientific evidence for the effective control and prevention of COPD. Methods: Data were from COPD surveillance in China (2014 to 2015) which covered 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. A total of 75 107 adults aged ≥40 years selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 125 surveillance sites (county/district) were surveyed by electronic questionnaire during face to face interviews. The smoking rate and other smoking index were estimated by using weighting complex sampling design. Results: The smoking rate and current smoking rate were 40.0% (95%CI: 38.5%-42.0%) and 31.0% (95%CI: 29.7%-32.0%), respectively, among the Chinese aged ≥40 years in 2014. The smoking rate and current smoking rate in males (74.1% and 57.6%) were much higher than those in females (5.4% and 4.0%). And the two rates were significantly higher in rural area (41.2% and 32.4%) than in urban area (38.8% and 29.5%). The mean age of smokers to start smoking was 20.1 (95%CI: 19.7-20.5) years. The younger the smokers were, the earlier their average age to start smoking was (The ages to start smoking for smokers aged 40-, 50-, 60-, ≥70 years were 18.3, 19.2, 20.9 and 23.1 years, respectively). Average daily cigarette consumption of current daily smokers was 18.9 (95%CI: 18.1-19.7) cigarettes, and the daily cigarette consumption was higher in males (19.3 cigarettes) than in females (12.5 cigarettes). Conclusion: The smoking rate in males aged ≥40 years is high in China. Compared with urban area, the smoking rate in rural area is higher, posing a big challenge for COPD control and prevention.
Adult ; Aged ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/psychology* ; Smoking Cessation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was to identify which factors are likely to influence the effectiveness of smoking cessation on adults who smoke in Metropolitan Incheon. METHOD: Data from 9,083 smokers, who visited a smoking cessation clinic of a public health center from Jan. to Oct. 2005, were provided by the Korean Health Research Society. Among 9,083 smokers, 1,495 people were selected for follow up care at 6 months in order to analyze the differences between two groups one is a successful group and the other is a failure group. RESULTS: The successful group included 639 people and the failure group 856 people. In the demographic profiles such as sex, age and motive registration, there was a significant difference between the two groups. In the view of smoking pattern and factors such as the expiratory CO level, the age of starting to smoke, the duration of smoking, alcohol, and dependence on alcohol use and nicotine, there were significant differences between the two groups. The smoking cessation method, results of uni variate analysis, the total number of visits to the smoking cessation clinics, and the use of nicotine gum or a patch(stage 1, stage 2) were significantly different in the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of multi variate analysis have shown that the factors associated with the success for smoking cessation is the total number of visits to the smoking cessation clinic, and the dependence on alcohol.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Demography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nicotine/administration & dosage ; Smoking Cessation/*methods/psychology/statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect that detection of chronic disease via health screening programs has on health behaviors, particularly smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed national health insurance data from 2007 and 2009. Subjects who were 40 years of age in 2007 and eligible for the life cycle-based national health screening program were included. The total study population comprised 153518 individuals who participated in the screening program in 2007 and follow-up screening in 2009. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted by sex, with adjustment for health insurance type, socioeconomic status, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and family history of cardiovascular and/or neurovascular disease. RESULTS: Among men with smoking behavior changes, those newly diagnosed with hyperlipidemia were more likely to show a positive health behavior change, such as smoking cessation, and were less likely to have a negative behavior change (e.g., smoking initiation). Additionally, men newly diagnosed with diabetes showed lower rates of negative health behavior changes compared to those without disease. Body mass index (BMI)> or =25, compared to BMI<23, showed higher rates of positive health behavior changes and lower rates of negative health behavior changes. Newly diagnosed chronic disease did not influence smoking behavior in women. CONCLUSION: Smoking behavior changes were only detected in men who participated in health screening programs. In particular, those newly diagnosed with hyperlipidemia were more likely to stop smoking and less likely to start smoking.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/diagnosis ; Hypertension ; Male ; Mass Screening/*methods ; Middle Aged ; *Motivation ; Regression Analysis ; Smoking/epidemiology/*psychology ; Smoking Cessation/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Social Class

This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the first proactive Quitline service for smoking cessation in Korea and determine the predictors of successful smoking cessation. Smoking participants were voluntarily recruited from 18 community health centers. The participants were proactively counseled for smoking cessation via 7 sessions conducted for 30 days from November 1, 2005 to January 31, 2006. Of the 649 smoking participants, 522 completed 30 days at the end of the study and were included in the final analysis. The continuous abstinence rate at 30 days of follow-up was found to be 38.3% (200/522), in the intention-to-treat analysis. Compared with non-quitters, quitters were mostly male, smoked <20 cigarettes/ day, had started smoking at the age of > or =20 yr, and were less dependent on nicotine. Based on the stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant predictors of successful smoking cessation were determined to be male sex, low cigarette consumption, and older age at smoking initiation. We investigated the short-term effectiveness of the Quitline service and determined the predictors of successful smoking cessation.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Hotlines/*utilization ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Smoking/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Telephone ; Treatment Outcome