China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Prevention

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Physician's Role ; Smoking ; economics ; epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention

Health Promotion ; Humans ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; legislation & jurisprudence ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention

Humans ; Smoking Cessation ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Smoking/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVETo investigate tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes and analyze related factors among the college students in Guangzhou.

METHODSIn May 2012, 11 593 college students from six universities in Guangzhou were selected and investigated by stratified cluster random sampling.Investigation content includes social demographic information, smoking behaviors, tobacco-related knowledge and attitudes. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference about knowledge of harm of tobacco and awareness of tobacco control related legislation as well as tobacco-related attitudes between smokers and non-smokers. Factors on tobacco-related knowledge were analyzed by using rank sum test.

RESULTSCurrent smoking rate among undergraduates was 6.1% (706/11 593) , 11.5% (622/5388) for males and 1.4% (84/6205) for females. The awareness rate of that smoking addiction was a chronic disease in non-smokers(82.6%, 8954/10 836) was higher than that in smokers (73.1%, 509/696) (χ(2) = 40.09, P < 0.01). The awareness rate about smoking could cause emphysema in college students was 78.6% (8986/11 427) , and the rate was higher in non-smokers(79.3%, 8522/10 741) than that in smokers(67.6%, 464/686)(χ(2) = 52.57, P < 0.01). The awareness rate about passive smoking could cause lung cancer in college students was 84.6% (9636/11 391) , and the rate was higher in non-smokers (85.2%, 9125/10 706) than that in smokers (74.6%, 511/685) (χ(2) = 55.86, P < 0.01). The awareness about Framework Convention on Tobacco Control was 25.7% (2966/11 554) , and the rate was lower in non-smokers (25.3%, 2751/10 856) than that in smokers (30.7%, 215/700) (χ(2) = 9.80, P < 0.01). Among smokers, 54.8% (377/688) considered that smoking was enjoyful. This was higher than that in non-smokers (16.8%, 1802/10 752) (χ(2) = 606.92, P < 0.05). Among non-smokers, 92.2% (9935/10 781) considered that government should strengthen smoking control. The percentage was higher than that in smokers (74.2%, 515/694) (χ(2) = 258.13, P < 0.05). College students who were females, at high-grade and with high parental educational level, high monthly household income, high living expenses per month in school and household registration in towns and places out of Guangdong province showed higher tobacco-related knowledge score (all P values <0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe awareness of tobacco-related knowledge was not high generally among college students in Guangzhou, but the awareness was significantly higher in non-smokers than that of smokers. The related factors which influenced the awareness rate of tobacco-related knowledge include sex, grade, place of household registration, parent's educational level and household income.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; prevention & control ; Universities ; Young Adult

Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. Rapid socioeconomic progress has exerted a great impact on lifestyle, ranging from food, clothing, working and living conditions, and means of transportation to leisure activities and entertainment. At the same time, new health problems have emerged, and health services are facing new challenges. Presently, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the top health problems of the Chinese people, and pose a serious challenge to all engaged in the prevention and control of these diseases. An epidemic of CVD in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization and longevity. Both national policy decision-making and medical practice urgently need an authoritative report which comprehensively reflects the trends in the epidemic of CVD and current preventive measures. Since 2005, guided by the Bureau of Disease Prevention of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, nationwide experts in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine and health economics in the realms of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, completed the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China every year. The report aims to provide a timely review of the trend of the epidemic and to assess the progress of prevention and control of CVD. In addition, as the report is authoritative, representative and readable, it will become an information platform in the CVD field and an important reference book for government, academic institutes, medical organizations and clinical physicians. This publication is expected to play a positive role in the prevention and control of CVD in China. We present an abstract from the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China (2010), including trends in CVD, morbidity and mortality of major CVDs, up-to-date assessment of risk factors, as well as health resources for CVD, and a profile of medical expenditure, with the aim of providing evidence for decision-making in CVD prevention and control programs in China, and of delivering the most authoritative information on CVD prevention and control for all citizens.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Complications ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Dyslipidemias ; complications ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Heart Failure ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Motor Activity ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Overweight ; complications ; epidemiology ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control

A noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is by definition non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. Currently, NCDs are the leading causes of death and disease burden worldwide. The four main types of NCDs, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes, result in more than 30 million deaths annually. To reduce the burden of NCDs on global health, current public health actions stress the importance of preventing, detecting, and correcting modifiable risk factors; controlling major modifiable risk factors has been shown to effectively reduce NCD mortality. The World Health Organization's World Health Report 2002 identified tobacco use, alcohol consumption, overweight, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol as the most important risk factors for NCDs. Accordingly, the present report set out to review the prevalence and trends of these modifiable risk factors in the Korean population. Over the past few decades, we observed significant risk factor modifications of improved blood pressure control and decreased smoking rate. However, hypertension and cigarette smoking remained the most contributable factors of NCDs in the Korean population. Moreover, other major modifiable risk factors show no improvement or even worsened. The current status and trends in major modifiable risk factors reinforce the importance of prevention, detection, and treatment of risk factors in reducing the burden of NCDs on individuals and society.
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Hypertension/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Male ; Overweight/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Prevalence ; *Public Health Practice ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology/prevention & control ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVES: Understanding recent trends in cigarette smoking among adolescents is important in order to develop strategies to prevent cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to compare recent trends in cigarette smoking for adolescents living in rural areas, small towns and metropolitan cities in Korea. METHODS: The raw data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) from 2005 to 2009 were used. Data were analyzed by using the method of complex survey data analysis considering complex sampling design. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate significant linear time trends in cigarette smoking. The indicators of cigarette use behaviors were 'current smoking rate', 'frequent smoking rate', 'heavy smoking rate' and 'smoking experience rate before 13 years of age'. All analyses were conducted according to gender. RESULTS: Statistically significant increasing trends in current smoking rate and frequent smoking rate were observed and borderline significant increasing trends in heavy smoking rate were shown among rural boys. Among metropolitan city boys, statistically significant increasing trends were also seen for frequent smoking. Statistically significant decreasing trends in current smoking rate were observed among small town and metropolitan city girls. Smoking experience rate before 13 years of age for rural girls decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents in the rural areas has increased in the last five years especially among boys. Our findings suggest that anti-tobacco program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Rural Population ; Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/*trends ; Urban Population

Pancreatic cancer is an extremely life-threatening neoplasm with a case-fatality rate approaching 100%. Smoking is the major known risk factor for this cancer, explaining 19% of all cases. The nutrition and food consumption patterns play other important roles in the etiology of pancreatic cancer, explaining 35% of all cases. Epidemiological evidences on the relationship between nutrition and pancreatic cancer found consistently positive associations between the intakes of meat, carbohydrates, and dietary cholesterol and pancreatic cancer. Consistent inverse relationships with fruit and vegetable intakes and, in particular, with fiber and vitamin C, have also been noted. Many inherited germline mutations increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. In addition, several common polymorphisms in genes that associated with metabolism of environmental carcinogens, DNA repair and folate metabolism may alter the risk of pancreatic cancer. Interaction between genes and environmental factors may contribute to the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Diet ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Smoking

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blindness ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects