Study 789 people who live in Le Chan district, Hai Phong city in which from 15 to 19 year old: 15%; 20-24 years: 14.7%; 25-44 years: 34.0%; 45-64 year old: 31.6% and over 65 years: 4.8% and the average age is 36.62 + 15.1. The tobacco smoking rate: 40.6% in the study (male: 72.1%, female: 4.3%). The average time of smoking: 13.5 ± 9.4 years and for 10 years or more: 61.1% (male:13.9 ± 9.3 years, female: 5.7 ± 7.8 years). Among total of 324 people has smoked and has been smoking, from half to one packet/day: 65.6%, from 5-9 cigarretes per day: 23.5%, smoke over 20 cigarretes per day and under 3 cigarretes per day: 1.9%. The average cigarretes smoked by one person is 11.66 ± 6.14.
Smoking ; Epidemiology

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Prevention

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 915 women living together with smokers in Ha Noi city, Da Nang city and Ha Nam province in 2004. There was relationship between occupation and knowledge on cigarette harmful effects on health and belief in warning in pack of cigarettes. Housewifes knew more clearly on effect of cigaretes than traders. Farmers had more belief on warnings in pack of cigarettes than trader did. Health related to belief in warnings in pack of cigarettes. Normal people had more belief on warnings in pack of cigarettes than healthy people. There was no relationship between age, health and knowledge on harmful effects of cigaretes on health
Smoking ; Women ; Knowledge ; Epidemiology

Study on 1227 adults smokers living in Ha Noi city, Da Nang city, Ho Chi Minh city and Ha Nam province in 2004 showed that: the interest to warnings in pack of cigarettes related to occupation. Dealers, unemployments had less care to the warnings than freelancers. People had smoked over 15 years had much interest than ones smoked from 10 to 15 years. People smoke 1-2 cigarettes per day and 3-4 cigarettes per day had less care to the warnings than those smoke 10-20 cigarettes per day. There was no relationship between age, condition of health and the interest to warnings in pack of cigarettes
Smoking ; Smoke ; Epidemiology ; Occupations

A study on 816 underage children from 13-19 years old who live with other smoker in the same family in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh city in 2004. The result showed that: 56.5% male in the study, 80.5% at the age of school, 19.5% leave school. 9.2% among the total are currently smokers. The duration from 7- 12 month: 52.0%; less than 6 months: 28%; over 1 year: 20%. 38.7% underage smoke from 10 to 20 cigarettes per day. The average cigarettes of underage are 7.1± 4.1 cigarettes/day and for average duration 13.25± 10.77 months.
Smoking ; Child ; Epidemiology

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Physician's Role ; Smoking ; economics ; epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention

Health Promotion ; Humans ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; legislation & jurisprudence ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention

Humans ; Smoking Cessation ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Smoking/epidemiology*

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Risk ; Smoking

Objective: To understand the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Suzhou cohort, and explore the risk factors for the development of COPD in Suzhou, and provide a scientific basis for COPD prevention. Methods: This study was based on the China Kadoorie Biobank project in Wuzhong District, Suzhou. After excluding individuals with airflow obstruction and self-reported chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or pulmonary heart disease at baseline, 45 484 individuals were finally included in the analysis. Cox proportional risk models were used to analyze risk factors of COPD and calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the Suzhou cohort. The effect modifications of smoking on the association between other risk factors and COPD were evaluated. Results: Complete follow-up was available through December 31, 2017. Participants were followed up for a median of 11.12 years, and 524 individuals were diagnosed with COPD during the follow-up period; the incidence was 105.54 per 100 000 person-years. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression models showed that age (HR=3.78, 95%CI:3.32-4.30), former smoking (HR=2.00, 95%CI:1.24-3.22), current smoking (<10 cigarettes/day, HR=2.14, 95%CI:1.36-3.35;≥10 cigarettes/day, HR=2.69, 95%CI:1.60-4.54), history of respiratory disease (HR=2.08, 95%CI:1.33-3.26), daily sleep duration ≥10 hours (HR=1.41, 95%CI:1.02-1.95) were associated with increased risk of COPD. However, education level of primary school and above (primary or junior high school, HR=0.65, 95%CI:0.52-0.81; high school and above, HR=0.54, 95%CI:0.33-0.87), consuming fresh fruit daily (HR=0.59, 95%CI:0.42-0.83) and consuming spicy food weekly (HR=0.71, 95%CI:0.53-0.94) were associated with reduced risk of COPD. Conclusions: The incidence of COPD is low in Suzhou. Older age, smoking, history of respiratory disease, and long sleep duration were risk factors for the development of COPD in the Suzhou cohort.
Humans ; Incidence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Tobacco Smoking