This paper proposes a conceptual model for establishing a new approach to improvise anti-smoking strategies. The Tobacco Control programme under the World Health Organization (WHO) has established MPOWER measures to be applied globally. Although numerous approaches have been implemented, there is a knowledge gap pertaining to the positive impact of these strategies. Therefore, analyzing current approaches and establishing new strategies will be beneficial for the tobacco control movement. The proposed model has been adapted from the Medical Research Council (MRC), United Kingdom framework for complex interventions which can be used as reference for researchers to develop a new initiative or strategy for tobacco control. This proposed model incorporates three phases, which are (i) Phase 1: To identify factors influencing stop smoking desires and their successfulness among “specific location” population, (ii) Phase 2: To analyse available smoking cessation strategies globally using systematic review, and (iii) Phase 3: To develop new potential tools/products/guidelines for anti-smoking promotions based on Phase 1 and 2. The novelty of this concept in developing anti-smoking strategies is the incorporation of local needs in Phase 1. This research may contribute significantly to stop or quit smoking behavior among Malaysians. At the end of this study, researchers will be able to recommend new and/or adapted tools/products/guidelines based on the framework discussed. Also, government regulations regarding cigarettes should be properly reviewed in order to achieve more significant results whilst minimizing expenses for anti-smoking campaigns.
Smoking Prevention

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Prevention

No abstract available.
Smoking Cessation ; Smoking ; Smoking Prevention ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Female

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to describe the characteristics of smoking prevention programs in Korea, to estimate overall effect size of Korean smoking prevention programs, and to investigate effect size variations by program modality and instruction method. METHOD: Meta-analysis was performed on21 programs in 20 studies. RESULT: The estimation of overall effect size for knowledge and attitude was not possible because effect sizes were not homogeneous in this meta-analysis. However, effect sizes of studies that were socially influential programs or active/interactive methods were larger than information-oriented programs or passive/non-interactive methods in the pictures. The effects for behavioral outcomes were generally not as positive and not statistically significant. Q statistics showed that variations among effect sizes within program modality and instruction method classifications were heterogeneous. CONCLUSION: The results from this meta-analysis support the continued use of socially influential programs and active/interactive methods for smoking prevention programs. Because behavioral effect might be the fundamental objective of smoking prevention programs, the present results indicate that smoking prevention programs should consider adopting more effective programs.
*Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Smoking/*prevention & control ; Smoking Cessation

Blindness ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Smoking Cessation

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Physician's Role ; Smoking ; economics ; epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention

Humans ; Restaurants ; Smoking Prevention ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; prevention & control

Health Promotion ; Humans ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; legislation & jurisprudence ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the process of smoking prevention and control among Chinese adolescent with a model on health promotion in junior high school.

METHODSA cluster-randomized, controlled and schooled-based trial on smoking prevention was conducted among 2343 students at four secondary schools in Huangpu District of Guangzhou. Students 'reports and investigators' daily records were used to evaluate the intervention measures.

RESULTSDuring the one-year period of intervention (Dec. 2004 through Dec. 2005), eighteen activities had been implemented among students, teachers, parents and cigarette retailers. Ranked by the rate of awareness, the top six activities were shown as follows: "the nicotine toxicity experiment" (90.7%), "agreement of building families free of smoking"(77.7%), "a letter to parents" (77.1%), "no-smoking signs" (76.5%), "Blackboard information about health and smoking" (75.0%), and "signature on the 18th World Day of No Smoking" (70.2%). Among all the activities, "the nicotine toxicity experiment" had the highest rate of participation (88.5%), followed by "a letter to parents" (73.6%), "agreement of building families free of smoking" (69.8%), "health education through experiments"(68.6%), "health education through multimedia" (65.7%) and "signature on the 18th World Day of No Smoking" (65.6%). The top seven activities in which students showed greatest interests were "the nicotine toxicity experiment" (64.5%), "signature on the 18th World Day of No Smoking" (33.0%), "health education through experiments" (31.2%), "health education through multimedia" (29.8%), "class meetings with a thesis of smoking" (26.8%), "health pamphlets" (26.6%), "specific textbooks" (25.9%). The extent of students' general satisfaction to the work of tobacco control in school during the last year was 52.4%. The biggest perceived shortcoming for the intervention plan was the low participation of students.

CONCLUSIONSome intervention measures had not been fully carried out among the students and only covered part of them. It is necessary to adjust the previous intervention measures through keeping the nicotine toxicity experiment, health education through multimedia and other measures with extensive participation of students and at the same time, to avoid literal materials, exhibition boards and traditional single-way health education program.

Behavior Therapy ; Coronary Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Smoking Cessation