There are two types of decoction of Smilax glabra due to its reddish brown or off-white colored cross section. These two kinds of decoction were found that they have large difference in anti-inflammatory effects and chemical constituents in the preliminary experiments. Comparing and analyzing the content of total tannin in these two kinds of decoction of S. glabra from 28 areas by UV-Vis spectrophotometry were first used to provide some experimental and theoretical development and utilization of this medicinal resource and quality control. Also, the sample recovery test required in Chinese Pharmacopoeia was improved by adding tannic acid instead of gallic acid to samples.
Geography ; Pigmentation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Smilax ; chemistry ; Tannins ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the rhizomes of Smilax ferox which was widely used in the folk.

METHODThe constituents of the rhizomes of S. ferox were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel column, MCI column, Sephadex LH-20 column and RP C18 column chromatography, and their structures were elueidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTSix compounds were identified as dihydrokaempferol (1), kaempferol (2), astilbin (3), engeletin (4), resveratrol (5), beta-sitosterol (6), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry

The chemical constituents were separated and purified from the roots and rhizomes of Smilax scobinicaulis by various chromatographic methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were obtained and identified as resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), resveratrol (2), 8-viniferin (3), ethyl caffeate (4), 1-0-caffeoylglycerol (5), 1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol (6), 1-0-feruloylglycerol (7), grossamide (8), moracin M (9) on the analysis of spectroscopic data. Compound 1 was a new compound and compounds 3-5, 8,9 were separated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry

This study was conducted in order to compare the biological activities of leaf and root water extracts of Smilax china L. (SC) by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, anti-oxidant activity, inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of SC leaf (SCLE) and root (SCRE) water extracts were 127.93 mg GAE/g and 39.50 mg GAE/g and 41.99 mg QE/g and 1.25 mg QE/g, respectively. The anti-oxidative activities of SCLE and SCRE were measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assay and reducing power assay. Both SCLE and SCRE scavenged radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, and SCLE showed stronger radical scavenging activity and reducing power than SCRE; however, both SCLE and SCRE exhibited lower activities than ascorbic acid. Compared to the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, which was used as a positive control, SCLE and SCRE exhibited low alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities; nevertheless, the activity of SCLE was 3.7 fold higher than that of SCRE. Finally, SCLE caused significantly decreased expression of the LPS-induced cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA in RAW264.7 cells, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicate that SCLE might be a potential candidate as an anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Acarbose ; alpha-Glucosidases ; Ascorbic Acid ; Biphenyl Compounds ; China ; Cytokines ; Gene Expression ; Picrates ; RNA, Messenger ; Smilax ; Water

OBJECTIVETo investigate the process of separating and purifying flavonoids from Smilax glabra.

METHODWith the yield of flavonoids as index, the optimum process of separating and purifying flavonoids from S. glabra Roxb was screened by static and dynamic adsorption tests.

RESULTThe static saturated adsorption capacity of D101 macroporous resin to flavonoids of S. glabra was 45.6 mg x g(-1) (dry resin). The optimum conditions of dynamic adsorption and elution were as that the pH, the concentration, the adsorption velocity of the extracting solution, and the adsorption capacity were 6.00 +/- 0.20, 4.2 mg x mL(-1), 2 mL x min(-1) and 15 mL, respectively. The adsorbed resin column was washed by 100 mL 60% ethanol with pH value of 8.00 +/- 0.20 at the eluting velocity of 3 mL x min(-1) after washed by 100 mL distilled water.

CONCLUSIONThe flavonoids of S. glabra was able to be easily separated and purified by D101 macroporous resin under the optimum conditions above, and the recovery rate was higher than 90%. The content of obtained flavonoids reached 62.6%, which was 2 times of the content before purification.

Adsorption ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop a with high efficiency and practicality for separating and purifying total steroidal saponins lax china.

METHODUsing adsorption capacity and desorption rate of total steroidal saponins as the primary screening index, surveyed, and the optimized conditions of adsorption and desorption of total steroidal saponins were studied.

RESULTThe adsorption and desorption rate of total steroidal saponins reached 16 mg x mL(-1) and 90% respectively for macroporous resin HPD100 chosen. Macroporous resin HPD100 could be well used in separating and purifying total steroidal saponins from S. china.

Adsorption ; Anion Exchange Resins ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; Smilax ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the technological parameters of the purification process of total flavones from Smilax china with macroporous absorption resin.

METHODThe technical process for purification of total flavones with the optimum macroporous absorption resin was screened by yield of total flavones product.

RESULTThe D140 macroporous absorption resin had the best separating efficiency when the flavones content in the liquid was 0.5 g x mL(-1) equivalent to raw material, the volume of drug 18 BV (resin bad volume) with the adsorption-power 2 BV x h(-1), and the volume of 60% (mL x mL(-1)) ethanol as eluant 5-10 BV (resin bad volume) with desorption-power 1 BV x h(-1). The obtained flavones product has total flavones recovery rate of 84.72%.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of regenerated resin is easy, this method is advisable.

Absorption ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

To study the correlation between ultra high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) fingerprint of Smilax china and its anti-pelvic inflammatory effect,and to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis of S. china against pelvic inflammatory disease.UPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of S. china from different habitats were established,and the values of SOD,MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in rats with pelvic inflammation were measured. The weight of each single pharmacodynamics index to the total efficacy was determined by analytic hierarchy process,and the contribution of each peak in fingerprints to the each single pharmacodynamics index and total efficacy was analyzed by the grey relational analysis. Then the structures of chemical constituents at the identified peaks were confirmed by comparing with the reference substance. The 27 common characteristic peaks of UPLC fingerprints were all related to the anti-pelvic inflammation effect of S. china,of which 13 peaks were identified as peak 2( 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid-3-O-glucoside),peak 3( chlorogenic acid),peak 5( 2,7,4-trihydroxydihydroflavone-5-O-glucoside),peak 6( 7,4-dihydroxydihydroflavonol-5-O-glucoside),peak 7( taxifolin-7-O-glucoside),peak 9( taxifolin),peak 10( polydatin),peak 11( oxyresveratrol),peak 12( astilbin),peak15( resveratrol),peak 16( quercitrin),peak 18( engeletin) and peak 24( kaempferol). The correlation degree of 21 peaks and the total efficacy was greater than 0. 8,and the top 10 ranked by correlation degree were as follows: peak 1,3,7,19,18,17,4,11,16,and 21. The results showed that the anti-pelvic inflammation effect of S. china was achieved by the combined action of pharmacodynamic substances. In order to control the quality of S. china and its prepared slices more effectively,the index components of content detection should be selected reasonably.
Animals ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; Phytochemicals ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Smilax ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the rhizomes of Smilax china.

METHODThe constituents of the rhizomes of S. china were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTThirteen compounds were obtained and identified as kaemperol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), engeletin (2), isoengeletin (3), kaempferol (4), dihydrokaempferol (5), dihydrokaempferol-5-O-P-D-glucopyranoside (6), rutin (7), kaempferol- 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystibene (9), vanillic acid (10), 3, 5-dimethoxy4-O-beta-D-glu-copyranosylcinnamic acid (11), beta-sitosterol (12), and beta-daucosterol (13) , respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 3, 7, 8, and 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 8 and 11 were isolated from the genus Smilax for the first time.

Chromatography ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry ; Vanillic Acid ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the antitumor effects and associated mechanisms of extract of the Smilax china L. rhizome (SCR) on ovarian cancer cells.

METHODSOvarian cancer cells A2780 were treated with different concentrations of SCR extract (SCRE), and compared with controls. Effects on cell growth were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay; proliferation effects by EdU incorporation assay; cell cycle by propidium iodide staining; apoptosis by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide; cellular distribution of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by immunofluorescence; protein levels of NF-κB, caspase-3, poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP)-1, anti-X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and AKT by Western blotting; and effects of SCRE combined with cisplatin or adriamycin on A2780 cells by CCK-8 assay.

RESULTSSCRE suppressed A2780 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05,P<0.01), arrested cells in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, PARP and Bax. SCRE treatment also correlated with inhibition of NF-κB and downregulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cIAP-1, XIAP and AKT. SCRE can promote chemosensitivity to cisplatin and adriamycin in A2780 cells (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCR effectively inhibits NF-κB, induces apoptosis and reduces chemoresistance to cisplatin and adriamycin in ovarian cancer cells, which might be its molecular basis for treating ovarian cancer.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Smilax