Objective: To explore the relationship of sleep duration and insomnia with muscle mass, strength, and quality in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the second resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in 2013-2014, logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of sleep duration, insomnia, and its duration with low muscle mass, handgrip strength, and muscle quality. Results: The average sleep duration of the study population was (7.4±1.5) hours. Morbidities of short sleep duration (<6 hours), long sleep duration (≥9 hours), and insomnia were 9.3%,17.4%,and 29.9%,respectively. Compared with those who slept for 7- hours, those who slept for ≥9 hours were more likely to have low muscle mass, low handgrip strength,and low arm muscle quality (AMQ), and the OR (95%CI) of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), low total skeletal muscle mass index (TSMI), low grip strength and low AMQ were 1.32 (1.18-1.48),1.26 (1.13-1.41), 1.33 (1.18-1.49) and 1.16 (1.03-1.30), respectively. Compared with participants without insomnia, insomnia patients were more likely to have low muscle mass,and the longer the duration of insomnia,the higher the risk (P for trend <0.001). Participants who reported <6 hours sleep duration and insomnia had a higher proportion of low ASMI and low TSMI,compared with those who slept for 7- hours and without insomnia, the OR (95%CI) were 1.26 (1.08-1.47) and 1.25 (1.07-1.46), respectively. Conclusions: Participants who reported ≥9 hours sleep duration were more likely to have low muscle mass,low handgrip strength,and low AMQ. Participants with insomnia had lower muscle mass, and the longer the duration of insomnia, the higher the proportion of low ASMI and low TSMI.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Muscles ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology*

Objective: To explore the correlation between sleep status and frailty in adults aged 30-79 years in China, and explore the potential effect modification of general and central obesity. Methods: Based on the baseline data of the China Kadoorie Biobank, we used multinomial logistic regression to analyze the correlation between long and short sleep duration, insomnia disorder, snoring, and unhealthy sleep score with risks of pre-frailty and frailty. Both overall and obesity-stratified analyses were performed. Result: Among the 512 724 participants, 2.3% had frailty and 40.1% had pre-frailty. There was a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and frailty score. Short (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.19-1.23) or long sleep duration (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.17-1.21), insomnia disorder (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 2.02-2.17), and snoring (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.59-1.63) were all positively correlated with pre-frailty, and dose-response relationships were observed between unhealthy sleep score and pre-frailty (P for trend<0.001), with OR values of 1.46 (1.44-1.48), 1.97 (1.93-2.00) and 3.43 (3.21-3.67) respectively for those having unhealthy sleep score of 1 to 3. These sleep problems were also positively correlated with frailty. Compared with the overweight or obesity group, stronger relationships were observed between short sleep duration and frailty or pre-frailty and between insomnia disorder and pre-frailty, while the relationships between snoring and frailty and pre-frailty were weaker in the participants with normal weight (P for interaction <0.007 for all). We also observed similar effect modification by central obesity. Conclusion: Long or short sleep duration, insomnia disorder, snoring and higher unhealthy sleep scores were positively correlated with pre-frailty or frailty, general and central obesity status could modify the relationships.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Frailty/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology* ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Snoring/epidemiology*

INTRODUCTIONMany studies have reported various levels of association between sleep disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aims to investigate sleep disturbances in children with ADHD prior to treatment and during treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study recruited 114 child and adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD and 60 normal patients. Sleep disturbances are assessed using the parent-rated Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) questionnaire. In addition, chart reviews and semi-structured clinical interviews were conducted for 54 patients with ADHD who had been seen at the clinic since 2002 to examine the sleep disturbances they experienced during treatment over a 4-year period.

RESULTSCompared to the normal subjects, parents of children with ADHD reported that their children slept less. The summation score of the sleep items on the CBCL was also significantly higher in the ADHD group. Girls with ADHD also had more "trouble sleeping". When children with ADHD received treatment with medications, they experienced sleep-related side effects. Out of the 54 children with ADHD, 18.5% experienced sleep disturbance related to medication, with 13.0% reporting daytime somnolence and 5.5% reporting insomnia.

CONCLUSIONOur study showed that there was an increased frequency of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD prior to treatment with medications. The children in our study appeared to sleep less. A significant proportion also experienced sleep disturbance during treatment with medication, of which daytime somnolence and insomnia were the most commonly reported problems. Future research in this area is needed to further examine the range of sleep disorders in ADHD children locally.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Singapore ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sleep status of college and high schools students.

METHODSPittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and self-manufactured questionnaires about siesta habits were used as tools. Three groups of students from medical college (MC), senior high school (SS) and junior high school (JS) were surveyed.

RESULTSIn the group MC, SS and JS, the occurrence rates of sleep disorders were 27%, 62% and 54%, respectively, and in which the appearance rates of insomnia were 17%, 19% and 19%, longing for sleep were 10%, 43% and 35% respectively. And there were no significant difference between schoolboy and schoolgirl. The occurrence rates of slack breathing were different (5/155, 1/154) significantly between group SS and JS. The distinct differences also were found in group JS and MC, in which students felt hot (10/155, 1/122) and in all the three groups, in which students felt sleepy (55/155, 62/154, 13/122) whereas the difference of sleepy between group SS and JS was comparatively distinct (55/155, 62/154). Significant differences were also found between group JS and SS, MC in average sleep time of (7.65 +/- 0.87) hours, (7.16 +/- 0.83) hours, and (7.10 +/- 0.57) hours. The time of falling asleep (median 15 min, 10 min, 20 min) and siesta habit (8/155, 19/154, 75/122) among group MC and SS, JS were different respectively and markedly, whereas siesta habit differences between group SS and JS were comparatively distinct (8/155, 19/154).

CONCLUSIONStudents in high school showed higher rate of longing for sleep, and this implicated they fall short of sleep time greatly and siesta could improve their sleepy signs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sleep ; physiology ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sufficient sleep is an essential part of good health and well-being. Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of primary headache and has negative impacts on the quality of life and work performance. We aimed to determinethe relationship between TTH and insufficient sleep in the general population. METHODS: This study used data from the Korean Headache Sleep Study, which was a population-based survey about headache and sleep among Korean adults. Insufficient sleep was defined when the discrepancy between sleep need and average sleep duration was at least 1 hour. RESULTS: Among the 2,695 included subjects, 570 (21.2%) and 727 (27.0%) were classified as having TTH and insufficient sleep, respectively. The prevalence of insufficient sleep was significantly higher among subjects with TTH than among those without headaches (28.8% vs. 20.4%). For subjects with TTH, the scores on a visual analogue scale (4.7±1.8 vs. 4.3±1.9, mean±SD) and the Headache Impact Test-6 (44.9±7.0 vs. 43.6±6.1) were much higher in subjects with insufficient sleep than in those without insufficientsleep. Multivariable analyses revealed that insomnia [odds ratio (OR)=2.1], poor sleep quality (OR=1.7), and short sleep duration (OR=6.9) were significantly associated with insufficient sleep in subjects with TTH. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that insufficient sleep is prevalent among subjects with TTH and is linked to an exacerbation of TTH. Therefore, the proper evaluation and management of sleep may lead to the better management of TTH.
Adult ; Epidemiology ; Headache ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Tension-Type Headache* ; Work Performance

BACKGROUND: Several recent genome-wide association studies suggested insomnia and anemia may share some common genetic components. We thus examined whether adults with anemia had higher odds of having insomnia relative to those without anemia in a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis. METHODS: Included in this cross-sectional study were 12,614 Chinese adults who participated in an ongoing cohort, the Kailuan Study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below 12.0 g/dL in women and 13.0 g/dL in men. Insomnia was assessed using the Chinese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). A total AIS score ≥6 was considered insomnia. The association between anemia and insomnia was assessed using a logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, chronic disease status, and plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. A meta-analysis was conducted using the fixed effects model to pool results from our study and three previously published cross-sectional studies on this topic in adult populations. RESULTS: Individuals with anemia had greater odds of having insomnia (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.70) compared with individuals without anemia. A significant association persisted after we excluded individuals with chronic inflammation, as suggested by C-reactive protein levels >1 mg/L (adjusted OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.22-2.32). The meta-analysis results, including 22,134 participants, also identified a positive association between anemia and insomnia (pooled OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.22-1.57). CONCLUSIONS The presence of anemia was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of having insomnia in adults. Due to the nature of the cross-sectional study design, results should be interpreted with caution.
Adult ; Anemia/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the insomnia burden and relevant influencing factors among informal caregivers (ICs) of hospitalized patients with lung cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer was conducted from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. ICs' burden was assessed using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Linear and logistic regression models were used to identify the influencing factors. RESULTS: Among 289 ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer, 83 (28.72%), 53 (18.34%), and 14 (4.84%) ICs experienced mild, moderate, and severe insomnia, respectively. The scores concerning self-esteem, lack of family support, financial problems, disturbed schedule, and health problems were 4.32 ± 0.53, 2.24 ± 0.79, 2.84 ± 1.14, 3.63 ± 0.77, and 2.44 ± 0.95, respectively. ICs with higher Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS) scores were associated with a lower risk of insomnia, with an odd ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of 0.940 (0.898-0.983). Among the ICs, female gender ( OR = 2.597), alcohol consumption ( OR = 3.745), underlying medical conditions ( OR = 11.765), long-term caregiving experience ( OR = 37.037), and higher monthly expenses ( OR = 5.714) were associated with a high risk of insomnia. CONCLUSION Of the hospitalized patients with lung cancer, 51.9% experienced insomnia. Patients' ADL, ICs gender, alcohol consumption, underlying medical conditions, caregiving duration, and monthly expenses were influencing factors. Therefore, prompt screening and early intervention for ICs of patients with lung cancer is necessary.
Humans ; Female ; Caregivers ; Activities of Daily Living ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology* ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology*

Objective: To analyze the association between sleep duration and cognitive function of the elderly in six provinces of China. Methods: Based on the cross-sectional survey data of the elderly from the Healthy Ageing Assessment Cohort Study in 2019, 4 644 participants' sociodemographic and economic indicators, lifestyle, prevalence of major chronic diseases, and sleep status, including night-time sleep duration, daytime sleep duration and insomnia, were collected by questionnaires. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between night-time sleep duration, daytime sleep duration and cognitive function. Results: The mean age of 4 644 respondents was (72.3±5.7) years, and 2 111 of them were males (45.5%). The mean total daily sleep time of the elderly was (7.9±1.9) hours, and the proportion of those who slept less than 7.0, 7.0-8.9 and≥9.0 hours was 24.1% (1 119), 42.1% (1 954) and 33.8% (1 571), respectively. The mean sleep time at night was (6.9±1.7) hours. About 23.7% (1 102) of the elderly did not sleep during the day, and the mean duration of the elderly who slept during the day was (78±51) minutes. Among the elderly with insomnia, 47.9% were still satisfied with their sleep quality. The mean value of MMSE score of 4 644 respondents was (24.5±5.3), and the cognitive impairment rate was 28.3% (1 316). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that the OR (95%CI) value of the risk of cognitive impairment in older people who did not sleep, slept for 31 to 60 minutes and slept more than one hour was 1.473 (1.139 to 1.904), 1.277 (1.001 to 1.629) and 1.496 (1.160 to 1.928), respectively, compared with those who slept for 1 to 30 minutes during the daytime. Compared with those who slept for 7.0‒8.9 hours at night, the OR (95%CI) value of the risk of cognitive impairment in older people who slept more than 9.0 hours was 1.239 (1.011 to 1.519). Conclusion: The cognitive function is related to sleep duration in the Chinese elderly.
Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Female ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Cognition ; China/epidemiology*

Patients with dyspepsia/functional dyspepsia (FD) show frequent overlapping of other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and non-GI diseases, in addition to internal subgroup overlapping. These overlap patients have more frequent or more severe symptoms, poorer health-related quality of life and higher somatization scores, and they are more likely to experience anxiety, depression or insomnia compared to non-overlap patients. The higher prevalence of overlap in patients with dyspepsia/FD is not by chance, indicating common pathogeneses, including visceral hypersensitivity, altered GI motility, infection, and stressful early life events. There are few clinical trials targeting overlap in patients with dyspepsia/FD, and no therapeutic strategy has been established. Further studies in this research area are needed. In this review, we describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of overlap in patients with dyspepsia/FD.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Dyspepsia* ; Epidemiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

Studies indicate that sleep problems in children and adolescents are highly prevalent, with prevalence rates ranging from 25% to 40%. They are even more common in special populations, especially children with psychiatric issues. Furthermore, sleep issues are often persistent. Unfortunately, sleep disturbances often do not receive the attention that they deserve, especially since they are often highly amenable to intervention. Sleep problems, in general, range from those that are physiologically-based, such as obstructive sleep apnoea and restless legs syndrome, to those that are behaviorally-based. The behaviourally-based sleep disorders are reviewed, including a discussion of assessment, prevalence and treatment. Non-pharmacologic approaches are usually the preferred treatment and have received the most empirical support in paediatric populations. It is strongly recommended that all paediatric healthcare providers consider sleep issues in their comprehensive assessment of all children and adolescents, especially those with psychiatric issues, and provide preventive education as part of their usual standard of care.
Adolescent ; Arousal ; Behavior Therapy ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Medical History Taking ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm ; epidemiology ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; therapy