No abstract available.
Skull*

Conventional cephalometrics have inherent errors because their evaluation is performed in two-dimension for threedimensional object. To compensate these errors, three-dimensional cephalograms - derivation of three-dimensional data from conventional lateral and postero-anterior cephalograms - were developed. In this study, the accuracy and precision of three dimensional cephalograms were determined by means of 10 linear and 12 angular measurements on 36 acrylic skull models and by the comparison of conventional lateral cephalograms. The results were as follows 1. Mean difference between three-dimensional cephalograms and actual models in linear measurements was 0.94+/-0.62 mm and mean rate of magnification of three-dimensional cephalograms was 100.31+/-0.91%. There were no statistically significant differences between three-dimensional cephalograms and actual models in linear measurements(alpha=0.1). 2. Mean difference between conventional lateral cephalograms and actual models in linear measurements was 6.44+/-1.48 mm and mean rate of magnification of lateral cephalograms was 106.99+/-1.45%. There were statistically significant differences between lateral cephalograms and actual models in linear measurements(P<0.005). 3. Mean difference between three-dimensional cephalograms and actual models in angular measurements was 1.22+/-0.82degrees and mean rate of magnification of three-dimensional cephalograms was 105.71+/-12.07%. There were no statistically significant differences between three-dimensional cephalograms and actual models in angular measurements(alpha=0.1). 4. Mean difference between conventional lateral cephalograms and actual models in angular measurements was 1.70+/-0.94degrees and mean rate of magnification of lateral cephalograms was 106.35+/-15.70%. There were no statistically significant differences between lateral cephalograms and actual models in angular measurements(alpha=0.1). There were similarity between three-dimensional and lateral cephalograms in angular measurements.
Skull

Trivial nail gun injury accounts for an estimated 37 000 clinic and emergency room visits per year. Majority of these superficial nail-gun associated injuries can be treated as an office procedure with local anesthesia. However, cases of deliberate harm and multiple deep penetrating wounds with suspicion of injury to vital organs requires a multidisciplinary team approach. We present a case of deliberate self-harm using an industrial grade nail gun with multiple body site penetration. Outline of the initial assessment, multidisciplinary team management, treatment and patient outcomes are discussed in this case report. Outcomes of nail gun injury vary according to the type, length of nail and site of injury. From literature review, most nail-gun injures had neurological sequalae post treatment. Successful nail removal often is a multidisciplinary team effort with the component of psychiatric evaluation and treatment to prevent further future self-inflicted injuries.
Skull

No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*

Of the case of malignant astrocytoma, spontaneous transdural extension is very rare. Only several cases of transdural extension of primary intracranial tumor are reported. However, these cases are through the foramina of the skull base. We have experienced a case of malignant astrocytoma which directly extended out through the dura and calvarium near the pterion of the left side.
Astrocytoma* ; Skull ; Skull Base

No abstract available.
Meningioma* ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Osteomyelitis* ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*