The purpose in this study is to make a regression model for the prediction of skeletal muscle volume in thigh. For this purpose, men,14 and women,6 were included in this study. They were measured 22 independent variables by CT and anthropometry methods. CT Image analysis were performed with INFINITT, Rapidia 2.8, Korea. The results in this study are as following. There were not significant (P=.000) between CT-measured variables and predicted variables by anthropometry, excepting the difference (P=0.01) at thigh top muscle circumference. Therefore, many of variables could be applied with parameters for estimation equation by anthropometry. The estimation equation, obtained for thigh muscle volume using the predicted mid-thigh muscle circumference corrected by skinfold thickness and predicted total femur bone volume, was Y(Mtot)=127.4134x(X1)+18.7767x(X2)-5998.62. Where, X1 is predicted mid-thigh muscle circumference and X2 is predicted total femur bone volume. R2 in this model is .97, and SEE is 123 mL, CV 3.6%. In conclusion, the determination of skeletal muscle volume in thigh can be highly validated with estimaton model in this study. Therefore it also be apply to predicting thigh muscle volume in korean adults.
Adult ; Anthropometry* ; Femur ; Humans ; Korea ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Skinfold Thickness ; Thigh*

For the purposes of analyzing the distribution and the change in blood pressure according to age and determining the factors affecting the change in blood pressure, a follow-up study had been conducted for 6 years from 1986 to 1991 for 430 primary school children age 6 years old in 1986 in Kangwha County, Korea. The mean blood pressure increased according to age. Specifically mean systolic blood pressure increased from 97.3 mmHg for male and 96.4mmHg for female(at 6 years of age) to 108.8mmHg for male and 112.1mmHg for female(at 11 years of age). Mean diastolic blood pressure increased from 60.0mmHg for male and 61.8mmHg for female(at 6 years of age) to 72.9mmHg for male 73.8mmHg for female(at 11 years of age). The average annual increase in blood pressure was 2.3mmHg(in systolic blood pressure) and 2.4mmHg(in diastolic blood pressure) for female, respectively. To determine the factors affecting the change in blood pressure, the stepwise regression analysis was conducted. Children were divided into the three groups(low, middle, and upper) according to the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the age of 6, and the regression analysis was performed in each group. For the change in systolic blood pressure, the changes in weight and skinfold thickness or initial skinfold thickness for male, and the change in weight for female were selected as significant factors for children in middle and upper group. For the change of blood pressure in diastolic blood pressure, no variables was significant.
Blood Pressure* ; Child* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Skinfold Thickness

PURPOSE: Body mass index(BMI), skinfold thickness and arm circumference are commonly used to evaluate obesity in children. There is a need for new standards of these items on Korean children. We performed this study to provide up-to-date reference percentile values and percentile charts for these three items. METHODS: Standardized measurements of height, weight, skinfold thickness(triceps, subscapular) and arm circumference on a total of 31,188 infants and children from age 1 to 18 years during January to December 1998 were used to calculate percentile values and to develop smoothed percentile charts. RESULTS: The mean BMI increased with age and showed similar values in both sexes, but 95th percentile values were slightly higher for boys than girls. The percentile values of BMI were consistently higher than those reported previously in Korea, particularly for the 95th percetile values. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness showed significant increase compared with previous studies and significantly higher for females than males. Arm circumference also showed significant increase compared with the previous studies. It was significantly higher for males than females. BMI was more closely related with arm circumference than skinfold thickness. CONCLUSION: The percentile values and percentile charts of BMI, skinfold thickness and arm circumference will allow pediatricians to evaluate obesity in Korean children.
Arm* ; Body Mass Index* ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Male ; Obesity ; Skinfold Thickness*

The aims of this study were to investigate the present status of skeletal maturation and to compare body composition parameters on the basis of the levels of skeletal maturity in boys aged 9 ~12 years. The subjects participated consisted of 258 elementary school boys. Anthropometric characteristics included body weight, height, sitting height, bone widths, circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses. Skeletal maturation was assessed by the Tanner -Whitehouse II method. Skeletal age was determined by RUS scores (radius, ulna, and short bones). Body composition variables were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA Model 310). Means and standard deviations were calculated by descriptive statistics. To compare body composition variables among skeletal maturity groups one -way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied and Duncan's a posteriori tests. The results showed that RUS scores varied from 298.2 for 9 years to 482.6 for 12 years. TW2 -20 scores were 569.2 for 9 years, 628.8 for 10 years, 701.8 for 11 years, and 814.5 for 12 years. Skeletal ages were 9.7 for 9 years, 10.5 for 10 years, 11.7 for 11 years, and 13.6 for 12 years. It indicates that chronological age was lower than skeletal age in all age groups. Although no significant difference was found in 12 years for body composition according to the levels of skeletal maturity, in general advanced boys had higher body composition variables than retarded boys. In 9 years there were significant differences (p 0.05) among skeletal maturity groups for body mass index, WHR, and WTR. Also, differences were found in 10 years for percent body fat, fat -free mass, and body mass index. In 11 years advanced children (40.4 kg) have statistically significant (p 0.05) higher fat -free mass than retarded children (32.2 kg).
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Skinfold Thickness ; Ulna

PURPOSE: This research was aimed at evaluating the differences in depression by skinfold thickness, and the relationship between two variables. METHODS: Research design was a non-experimental descriptive survey. Using a caliper, we measured skinfold thickness on the triceps, and then on the suprailiac, and the mid-thigh. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF). Data were collected for one month from Sept 1st to 30th, 2011. There were 52 subjects, 25 of which were from elderly welfare centers and 27 were hospitalized. RESULTS: Subjects were an average age of 76.4+/-4.45, and the incidence rate of depression (> or =6) was 36.5% and those who had a sum of 3 skinfolds over 62 mm were 22.7%. The GDS-SF was significantly different in only the suprailiac skinfold thickness (F=7.25, p<.05). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that depression is different based on suprailiac thickness in older adult women at elderly welfare centers and those who were hospitalized in an medical ward. It suggests that the suprailiac skinfold may be an indicator of abdominal obesity when considering depression in elderly women. Further study is needed to evaluate a cutoff score of skinfold thickness in obesity for older adult women.
Adult* ; Aged ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Research Design ; Skinfold Thickness*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the present nutritional status with that of previous surveys done in Korea and other advance countries. METHODS: We measured the arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness of 1,009 students of Hanyang Elementary School. We analyzed the arm muscle area and arm fat area. We analyzed the lomgitudinal height and weight of 6th grade children. We used an obesity index to estimate the prevalence of obesity. RESULTS: The mean height increased to 4.2-6.6cm in boys, 3.7-6.3cm in girls and the mean weight increased to 3.7-9.7kg in boys, 3.2-8.2kg in girls. The median of arm circumference increased to 7-44mm in boys, 8-36mm in girls. The median of triceps skinfold thickness increased to 1.7-7.8mm in boys, 2.3-6.4mm in girls. The mean of arm muscle area increased to 1.0-7.4cm2 in boys, 0.2-5.4cm2 in girls. The mean of arm fat area increased to 2.4-9.6cm2 in boys, 3.0-8.9cm2 in girls. The prevalence of obesity was 27% in boys and 24% in girls. CONCLUSION: Current data revealed marked increase in arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle area and arm fat area than those of previous standard data established in Korea, 1984, approaching 1981 U.S standards. The increase in arm fat area and increased prevalence of obesity suggest an increased intake of calorie with relative deficiency in physical activity.
Arm ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Motor Activity ; Nutritional Status* ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Skinfold Thickness

Integrating physiological parameters measurement into mobile devices is a development tendency of mobile healthcare. Measurement methods for skin moisture and body fat content are studied in this paper. Electrodes are designed for easy integration into mobile devices, and can be embedded in the cover of the mobile phone. Experiments were conducted to obtain a fast and easy measurement method. The results of evaluation show that the measurement system can achieve the same accuracy as commercial products (with correlation above 0.9 and root mean squared error below 4%) in skin moisture and body fat content measurement. Measurement of local-area body fat content showed a nearly linear positive correlation between local-area body fat content and local-area body impedance.
Adipose Tissue ; Adiposity ; Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Skinfold Thickness

In this study, anthropometric and biochemical indicators and related factors for community dwelling elderly living alone (ELA). as well as for elderly not living alone (ENLA) were explored. The subjects were 140 elderly females (70 living alone, 70 not living alone) residing in Bucheon. Anthropometric measurements revealed significant differences between the two groups (ELA/ENLA) for height, weight, BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, suprailiac skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, and body fat percentage. The ELA showed significantly lower data for most of the anthropometric indices, except PIBW. Biochemical indicators of iron status (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation) were significantly lower for the ELA, whereas the total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, for the ELA were significantly higher. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (240 mg%) was 30%. The latter three are not in accordance with general malnutrition among the ELA. The hemoglobin of the ELA was positively correlated with energy, fat, iron and cholesterol intake, but negatively correlated with height. The serum cholesterol of the ELA was positively associated with most of their nutrient intake.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged* ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Iron ; Malnutrition ; Prevalence ; Skinfold Thickness ; Transferrin

Malnutrition is commonly seen in children with chronic liver diseases, and there are interactions between them. Chronic liver diseases can cause malnutrition and this can affect the prognosis of children with chronic liver diseases. Due to the complexity of nutritional assessment in children with chronic liver diseases, there are still no unified standards for the diagnosis of malnutrition. Early identification of malnutrition and related intervention helps to improve the prognosis of children with chronic liver diseases. This article reviews the features of nutrition in children with chronic liver diseases and related nutritional assessment methods.
Blood Proteins ; analysis ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Creatinine ; urine ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; metabolism ; Nutrition Assessment ; Skinfold Thickness

BACKGROUND: Minimizing scarring has long been a challenge in plastic surgery. Factors affecting scar formation are well known, but the effect of some patient-specific factors such as dermal thickness remains unverified. Management of factors predictive of scarring can improve postoperative patient satisfaction and scar treatment. METHODS: For 3 years, we used ultrasonography to measure dermal thickness in female patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for cancer at our hospital. We confirmed the influence of dermal thickness on hypertrophic scar formation and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale scar score 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between dermal thickness and scar score (p < 0.05), and dermal thickness appears to be a cause of hypertrophic scar formation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thick dermis was found to cause poor scar formation and hypertrophic scarring. Prediction of factors that can influence scar formation can be used to educate patients before surgery and can help in scar management and improvement in patient satisfaction.
Cicatrix* ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Dermis ; Female* ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Skinfold Thickness ; Surgery, Plastic ; Thyroidectomy* ; Ultrasonography