No abstract available.
Humans ; Infarction ; Skin Temperature ; Skin

The monitoring of viability of the flap is important in improvement of the flap survival. The flap survival depends on the vascularity of the flap, and the skin temperature is up to the vascularity. The authors applied ThermalCAMTM P40 infrared thermographic imaging system for the monitoring of the vascular supply of the flap. The various sized flaps are designed on the lower abdomen of rabbit, having expected risk rate of flap necrosis respectively. The surface temperatures on designed flap were checked with ThermalCAMTM P40 before flap elevation and after respectively. The flaps with high risk of necrosis, 1:4(width/length) designed flaps and some 1:3 flaps, showed remarkable color change in distal portion according to difference of surface temperatures. After 1 week, the flaps of lower abdomen showed different viability of flap, and the flap with remarkable color change showed partial necrosis distally. The Necrotic areas were identical with the color change area checked with ThermalCAMTM P40. This study shows that ThermalCAMTM P40 infrared thermographic imaging system has the utility in prediction on flap survival through detection of the vascularity with ease, quickness and safety for patient and flap.
Abdomen ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Skin Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change in plantar skin temperature in normal subjects wearing five different kinds of insoles. METHOD: Twenty normal subjects were chosen and were made to walk on a treadmill for five 30-minute sessions wearing the same shoes, and wearing five different kinds of insoles (four types were endothermic insoles, but one type was a normal insole) respectively. Subjects sat on a chair for 10 minutes before and after walking. The plantar skin temperature was recorded on 4 sites (from channel 1 to 4) on each left insole. The plantar skin temperature was recorded every 10 seconds for a total of 50 minutes, with T-type Thermocouple(R). RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in the change of plantar skin temperature for each insole before, during and after walking. No statistical differences in subjective thermal sense and Borg Rating on perceived exertion scale for each insole before, during and after walking. Time in peak plantar temperature was 25.9~28.3 minutes (after subjects starts walking), wearing normal insole. CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in the change of plantar skin temperature for the five different kinds of insoles However, we found this method to be effective in examining plantar skin temperature during walking.
Foot ; Shoes* ; Skin Temperature ; Walking

OBJECTIVES: Monitoring viability of flap is important. The flap survival depends on the vascularity of the flap, on which the skin temperature depends. The authors applied digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) for monitoring the vascular supply of the flap and for the prediction of the prognosis of the flap survival. METHODS: Eight male New Zealand white rabbits with average weight of 3kg were used. A 10 x 10 cm unipedicled fasciocutaneous island flap was elevated based on the left superficial inferior epigastric vessel. The surface temperatures on designed flap were checked with DITI for 24 hours after the operation. On 14th day after the operation, the surviving area was measured and compared with DITI image which was taken on 24 hours after the operation using digital analysis software ImageJ. Statistical analysis was evaluated by paired T-test. RESULTS: On DITI image 24 hours after the flap elevation, distal portion of the flap showed remarkable color change. The average percentage and the standard deviation of the survival area of the flap which is predicted by DITI and the average percentage and the standard deviation of the survival area of the flap which was actually measured 2 weeks after flap elevation were 55.3 (16.6), 56.2 (18.0), respectively. This shows no significant difference between the two. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that DITI system could be used in evaluation of flap vascularity with ease, quickness and safety for patient and flap. Thus, it could be used clinically for the prediction of flap survival.
Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Rabbits ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of intraarticular temperature in the knee according to the application methods of cold jet-stream and to find the more effective method which reduces the intraarticular temperature. METHOD: Fifteen healthy subjects were examined. We recorded both skin and intraarticular temperature of the knee for 120 minutes. We compared two different cooling methods using -30 degrees C cold jet-stream by CRAis(R) (Century, Korea). The first was the intermittent cold jet-stream application method (ICA) which applied cold jet-stream to the knee joint every other minute for 5 minutes and the second was the continuous cold jet-stream application method with infrared (CCAI) for 5 minutes. RESULTS: In ICA, the intraarticular temperature maximally dropped as 1.7+/-0.6 degrees C (p<0.01) and it took 28.7+/-18.9 minutes. Intraarticular temperature dropped 0.6+/-0.5 degrees C after 2 hour (p<0.05). In CCAI, the intraarticular temperature maximally dropped as 2.8+/-0.7 degrees C (p<0.01) and it took 38.0+/-24.6 minutes, intraarticular temperature after 2 hour dropped as 1.36+/-0.75 degrees C (p<0.05). According to the two methods, CCAI showed more reduction in the lowest and after 2 hour intraarticular temperature compared with ICA in the knee joint (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CCAI is better for reducing the intraarticular temperature than ICA.
Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Skin ; Skin Temperature

Purpose of this study is to evaluate the temperature lowering effects of the local cold air application on the skin surface and the muscle of different depth, and to observe whether the rebound rise of the temperature occurs after the cold air application. Subjects were prepared in a relaxed prone position. Cold air of CRAis(Kyung-won Century, Korea) was applied to the gluteal area of 20 healthy subjects for 5 minutes. The skin and intramuscular temperatures were measured by a thermogram(Infrared system, Sweden) and digital thermometers(Barnant company, USA). The temperatures were measured before and 30 seconds after the cold air application, and then every 5 minutes for the next 110 minutes. The few variables were considered that might affect the temperature changes. The thermometer-probes were inserted into the outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle below 5 cm from the iliac crest with the depth of 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm respectively. ANOVA was used for the analysis of the data. The resting temperature of the skin surface was 32.6+/-1.2oC, and the lowest temperature was 12.9+/-3.3oC after 5 minutes of cold air application. The resting intramuscular temperatures with 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm depth were 36.5+/-0.2oC, 36.9+/-0.2oC, and 37.1+/-0.2oC respectively (p<0.05). The lowest temperature in 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm depth was 35.1+/-0.7oC, 36.2+/-0.4oC, and 36.9+/-0.3oC respectively(p<0.05). The mean duration to reach the lowest temperature was 20, 25, and 45 minutes respectively. The temperatures in the skin and the muscle with the depth of 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm after 2 hours on cold air application were 32.2+/-1.1oC, 36.2+/-0.5oC, 36.6+/-0.3oC, and 36.9+/-0.3oC(p<0.05) respectively. The temperatures in the skin and the muscle were significantly lower after 2 hours than before the cold air application(p<0.05). The change of skin surface temperature was more rapid than that of the muscle and the deeper the muscle was the lesser the temperature change. In conclusion, the effect of cold air application for 5 minutes lasts up to 2 hours and the rebound rise of the temperature due to reactive vasodilatation seems not to occur in the gluteal muscle.
Cryotherapy ; Prone Position ; Skin Temperature ; Skin* ; Vasodilation

BACKGROUND: The precise measurement of body temperature during anesthesia is important to prevent hypothermia.The aim of this study was to compare the urinary bladder temperature to the esophageal, nasopharyngeal, rectal and skin temperatures, and to compare three heating methods during spine surgery. METHODS: Forty-two patients with ASA physical status I-II, who were scheduled to undergo spine surgery in the prone position, were included in this study.The patients were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group I was treated without any heating methods; group 2, with fluid-warmers; group 3, with forced air-warmers; and group 4, with a combination of both heating methods.After the induction of anesthesia, the esophageal, nasopharyngeal, rectal, urinary bladder and skin temperature was monitored every 15 minute for 3 hours.The urinary bladder temperature was compared to the esophageal, nasopharyngeal, rectal and skin temperatures. RESULTS: The urinary bladder temperature was found to be higher than the esophageal and the nasopharyngeal temperatures (P < 0.01).The urinary bladder temperature of group 3 was higher than that of group 1 at 180 minutes after induction of anesthesia (P < 0.05).The urinary bladder temperature of group 4 was higher than that of group 1 at 150 minutes (P < 0.05), as well as at 165 and 180 minutes (P < 0.05).The skin temperatures of groups 3 and 4 were higher than group 1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The urinary bladder temperature was higher than the esophageal temperature and correlated with the esophageal, nasopharyngeal and rectal temperatures.During spine surgery in the prone position, a forced air-warmer was found to be the most effective but a combination of all the methods tested was found to be even more effective.
Anesthesia ; Body Temperature ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Prone Position ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Spine ; Urinary Bladder

This present study was undertaken to observe the changes of superficial and deep body temperature in 80 surgical patients during general anesthesia. it calculated total body heat loss and compared the effects of several drugs which were used for relieving postoperative shivering. The results were as follows: 1) The mean skin temperature increased contineously over that of the control value after 20 minutes of induction of anesthesia. But there was little significance. 2) Tympanic temperature decreased significantly after 20 minutes(p<0.005), esophageal temperature decreased after 60 minutes(p<0.05), and rectal temperature decreased significantly after 90 minutes(p<0.05). 3) There was continuous loss of body heat during general anesthesia. 4) Pethidine has an excellent effect for relieving postoperative shivering.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Body Temperature* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Shivering ; Skin Temperature

In capacitive heating device, which considered efficient for deep heating, parallel arrangement of the electrodes is a serious limiting factor in heating for eccentrically located lesions because it causes overheating of the exposed ipsilateral skin surface, the heating pattern is also frequently inappropriate, arid the arrangement tends to be unstable due to the patient's gravity. Therefore we attempted an angular arrangement of the electordes to achieve more homogenous and efficient heating for such lesions. In phantom study, both the thermal profile and thermogram established the heating pattern in this unusual angular arrangement of the electrodes at 60degree, 90degree and 120degree angles, respectively. An angular arrangement was also clinically applied to 3 patients. The patients' tolerance was good without significant complication and the thermal distribution was satisfactory. In conclusion, this unusual arrangement of electrodes appears to be promising in the clinical application to the eccentrically located lesions.
Electrodes* ; Gravitation ; Heating* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Skin

Thermography is a sensitive and reliable method for diagnosis of radiculopathy. Skin temperature alterations of the involved dermatome named thermatone are diagnostic for sensory root involvement in radiculopathy which can be demonstrated by thermography. Digital infrared thermographic imaging system using computer is development and could measure thermal difference more exactly without hazards or discomforts to patient. Authors present 186 cases of thermographic evaluation in herniated lumbar disc disease by digital infrared thermographic imging system and the results are evaluated with literature review.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Radiculopathy ; Skin Temperature ; Thermography