The purpose of this study was to classify, from collected home health care records data, nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA system and nursing interventions according to the NIC system, and to link nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. For this study, 101 home health care records of clients seen between September, 1994 and November, 1996 at Yonsei Medical Center, Seoul, were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were 'Risk for infection' and 'Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements', then 'Impaired skin integrity' and 'Ineffective airway clearance' in the Exchange patterns of NANDA nine human response patterns. 2. The most frequent nursing interventions were the interventions in the Physiological : Complex domain, there were 690(50.7%) interventions among a total 1347 interventions. This results corresponds to Yom, Young Hee(1995)'s research, both Korean and U.S. nurses used the interventions in the Physiological : Complex domain most often on a daily basis. And respiratory nursing interventions were most frequent because 32.7% of the subjects were respiratory patients. 3. The next step was to link the nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. The most frequent nursing diagnosis was 'Risk for infection' and 19 interventions for 'Risk for infection' were used 267 times. Then 14 interventions for 'Impaired skin integrity' were used 258 times, 12 interventions for 'Ineffective airway clearance' were used 193 times, 12 interventions for 'Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements' were used 122 times, 10 interventions for 'Activity intolerance' were used 75 times, and 11 interventions for 'Knowledge deficit' were used 52 times. 4. The use of standardized classification in the areas of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions facilitates clinical decision making and prompt nursing activity, and so enhances the effectiveness of nursing care.
Classification* ; Decision Making ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Seoul ; Skin

The purpose of this study was to classify, from collected home health care records data, nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA system and nursing interventions according to the NIC system, and to link nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. For this study, 101 home health care records of clients seen between September, 1994 and November, 1996 at Yonsei Medical Center, Seoul, were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were 'Risk for infection' and 'Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements', then 'Impaired skin integrity' and 'Ineffective airway clearance' in the Exchange patterns of NANDA nine human response patterns. 2. The most frequent nursing interventions were the interventions in the Physiological : Complex domain, there were 690(50.7%) interventions among a total 1347 interventions. This results corresponds to Yom, Young Hee(1995)'s research, both Korean and U.S. nurses used the interventions in the Physiological : Complex domain most often on a daily basis. And respiratory nursing interventions were most frequent because 32.7% of the subjects were respiratory patients. 3. The next step was to link the nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. The most frequent nursing diagnosis was 'Risk for infection' and 19 interventions for 'Risk for infection' were used 267 times. Then 14 interventions for 'Impaired skin integrity' were used 258 times, 12 interventions for 'Ineffective airway clearance' were used 193 times, 12 interventions for 'Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements' were used 122 times, 10 interventions for 'Activity intolerance' were used 75 times, and 11 interventions for 'Knowledge deficit' were used 52 times. 4. The use of standardized classification in the areas of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions facilitates clinical decision making and prompt nursing activity, and so enhances the effectiveness of nursing care.
Classification* ; Decision Making ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Seoul ; Skin

PURPOSE: The study assessed whether nurse staffing was associated with 3 nursing sensitive outcomes used in intensive care unit (ICU) nursing care plans. METHOD: This study was a retrospective and descriptive study using clinical data extracted from the data warehouse of a large acute care hospital in the Midwest. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the records of 578 ICU patients admitted from March 25 to May 31, 2010. RESULTS: 79 Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) outcomes were used in the nursing care plans. The 3 most commonly used NOC outcomes (Pain Level, Infection Severity, and Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes) were analyzed to determine their relationship to nurse staffing. As a nurse staffing ratio, the skill mix of nursing caregivers ranged from 0.74 to 1 with an average of 0.90. This skill mix of nursing caregivers significantly differed among the changes in Infection Severity scores. However, the mean difference was only 0.02. CONCLUSION: The results did not support that greater nurse staffing was associated with better outcomes. More research is still needed to determine the usefulness of Pain Level, Infection Severity, and Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes in evaluating the impact of nurse staffing.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Mucous Membrane ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Staff ; Patient Care Planning ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin

PURPOSE: Bedside electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring is continuously used for assessing patients' cardiac status in intensive care units. However, it has not been explored whether it is used with proper knowledge and nursing practices; if not, its usage will be limited and the risk for compromised patient safety might be significant. This study, therefore, explored knowledge and nursing practices regarding bedside ECG monitoring in nurses working at intensive care units. METHODS: Participants in this survey research were a convenience sample of 156 nurses from 25 intensive care units distributed in five hospitals with more than 1,000 beds each in Seoul, South Korea. RESULTS: Participants showed limited and incorrect knowledge and nursing practices. Only 4 (2.6%) participants correctly answered to all electrode placement sites of RA, LA, LL, and V1. Lead II was the most frequently monitored unit regardless of the main purpose of ECG monitoring, and nursing practices to manage noisy signals did not include skin care at the top priorities. CONCLUSION: Educators and clinicians alike need to make an effort to ensure that a safe level of knowledge and practices for the monitoring is maintained in order to make sure that patient outcomes are not compromised.
Electrocardiography* ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Patient Safety ; Seoul ; Skin Care

The purpose of this study is to develop the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist. This study was a descriptive survey. The data were collected 143 nurses who were worked in rehabilitation unit at 4 university hospital and 3 rehabilitation center in Korea from Aug. to Nov. 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 78 items developed by the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist in A.R.N. and the practice contents of care at rehabilitation unit in Korea. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, S.D. ANOVA The results are as follows 1. For the adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing, area of skin care is the highest score, and safety, elimination, emotion, respiration, was ordered. 2. The adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing according to age, educational level. position. clinical experience, clinical experience in rehabilitation unit were significant difference.
Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Rehabilitation* ; Respiration ; Skin Care ; Specialization* ; Standard of Care*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in terms of services and cost between CVA without typical diseases (Group I), and CVA with typical diseases (Group II), in their Hospital-based home health care. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 308 CVA patients who used home care nursing during the second phase demonstration project of their hospital-based home health care. Results: The results of the study was as follows 1. Group II had more home visit (15.3/12.7) (p>0.05), and cases of death when home care (16.8/11.4) (p<0.05). 2. Group II needed more services than Group I such as bladder irrigation, skin care, bed sore care, glycerin enema, finger enema, lung care, urine sugar test, monitoring and surveillance of fluid infusion and R.O.M exercise (p<0.05). 3. The variables that showed statistical significance in the regression analysis were family style, OPD visit, level of consciousness, patient's state on termination of home care, and some extend of home health care services (R2=0.373, 0.205). CONCLUSION: Home nursing care needs to be planned by severity in Hospital-based home health care for CVA patients.
Consciousness ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Enema ; Fingers ; Glycerol ; Home Care Services ; Home Nursing ; House Calls ; Humans ; Lung ; Nursing ; Pressure Ulcer ; Skin Care ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: To identify perceived importance and performance frequency of nursing interventions with nursing activities of 5 nursing interventions from the physiological domains of NIC used in the home health care nursing. METHOD: Five nursing interventions in the physiological domain of NIC were selected based on the previous finding. Data were collected from 85 nurses working in 54 home health care centers between August and October, 2004 using mailing survey(return rates : 41.5%). The questionnaire consisted of 96 nursing activities in 5 interventions with definitions, asking perceived importance and performance frequency of them. RESULT: Skin surveillance was perceived as the most important(3.52+/-0.36) intervention and also performed most frequently(4.43+/-0.45). All the nursing activities in skin surveillance appeared to be used frequently, which was rated over 4 out of 5 point Likert, while only 4 nursing activities in exercise therapy: joint mobility did. Correlations between perceived importance and performance frequency of 5 interventions were all significant (r=0.591-0.718, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Identifying the use of particular interventions and nursing activities will help nurses simplify documentations and to deliver better care to the patients in home health care nursing.
Delivery of Health Care ; Documentation ; Exercise Therapy ; Home Health Nursing* ; Humans ; Joints ; Nursing* ; Postal Service ; Skin ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was designed to provide the basic data for the development of the urinary incontinence nursing management program by identifying voiding patterns and pressure ulcer prevalence of residents in long term care facilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed from January to February, 2003. The subjects consisted of 92 residents in long term care facilities around S city. Researcher visited the facilities and assessed their voiding patterns, voiding management, and skin. To investigate the voiding patterns of the residents, care givers in the facilities were educated how to fill up voiding diaries and the diaries were made for two days. The data were analyzed by t-test and x2-test with using SAS program. RESULTS: The mean score for the activities of daily living of the subjects was 17.7+/-10.3 indicating medium. Mean score for mental status was 2.5+/-3.5 indicating very low. Among the subjects, self-voiding group was 40.8%, the group with self-voiding at daytime and diapers at night 10.9%, the group managed with diapers all the time 41.1%. In UI status of self-voiding group, urge urinary incontinence 22.8%, mixed urinary incontinence 13.6%, stress urinary incontinence 6.8%, and 56.8% had no urinary incontinence. About 9.8% of the subjects suffered from pressure ulcers and 15% of the group managed with diapers all the time had skin problems at perineal area. Between the group with pressure ulcer and the group without pressure ulcer, there were significant differences by length of residence, activities of daily living, mental status, and Braden scale. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicated that the care programs for the group managed with diaper change and the group with skin problems were required to improve, and the voiding management focusing on rehabilitation rather than simple diaper change should be encouraged.
Activities of Daily Living ; Caregivers ; Humans ; Long-Term Care* ; Nursing ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Prevalence ; Rehabilitation ; Skin ; Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: The management of gluteal wound originated with burn is same as pressure sore. Pressure sores are managed surgically with two therapeutic components. One is a gross and sharp debridement and the other is a flap providing well-vascularized tissue to cover wounds. Central to the flap considerations is the tendency for recurrence mainly due to a poor blood supply, failure of tension-free closure and naive nursing care after operation, when reconstructive surgeons employ numerous surgical techniques in sores repair. The author used the gluteal artery perforator sparing and gluteal fasciocutaneous rotation advancement flap with V-Y closure to manage gluteal wound originated from burn. METHODS: Three cases of gluteal wound were treated with the gluteal artery perforator sparing gluteal fasciocutaneous rotation advancement flap with V-Y closure. The skin incision of conventional gluteal rotation flap is shortened to get a minimized flap size and adapts an advancement flap in a back cut pattern, supported laterally with V-Y closure for a tension-free closure. This superiorly (or inferiorly) based flap is elevated subfascially until one or two large musculocutaneous perforators of the inferior gluteal artery are encountered. The perforator down to its emergent point at the level of the piriformis muscle is dissected intramuscularly by splitting fibers of the gluteus maximus muscle in order to pivot freely. Then, the dead space is obliterated with a portion of the gluteus muscle transposed independently. The skin paddle is rotated to the defect area with the saved perforator(s) and closed the defect area. RESULTS: This technique encompasses the advantages of a perforator sparing flap, a fasciocutaneous rotation flap and an advancement flap with V-Y closure, providing a better vascularity, the flexibility of rerotation in the event of recurrence, preservation of the gluteus maximus muscle for ambulatory function, tension-free mobilization. Compared with other flaps which are previously used to manage pressure sores, one advantage is noted that the minimized operation wound is effective not only to improve the quality of patient's life in terms of position care but also to mitigate the associated wound- healing problems. CONCLUSION: This technique can be chosen primarily for management of various types of gluteal region wound including burn.
Arteries ; Burns ; Buttocks ; Debridement ; Imidazoles ; Muscles ; Nitro Compounds ; Nursing Care ; Pliability ; Pressure Ulcer ; Recurrence ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the change in foot care knowledge, self care behavior, and physiologic indexes after foot reflexomassage education program, and the related factors. METHOD: Data were collected from 20 patients who were visited out patients clinic. The change and difference were analyzed with non-parametric statistics. RESULT: There were significant differences in foot care knowledge(P=.001), self care behavior(P=.000), dosalis pedis blood flow volume (P=.011), skin temperature of foot(P=.001), dorsalis pedis pulse(P=.000), capillary filling time of foot (P=.000) between pre and post. The level of changes of foot care knowledge was significant differences according to admission experience (P=.049), and negative related to systolic blood pressure(P=.028). The level of changes of self care behavior was related to age(P=.049), that of dosalis pedis blood flow was significant difference according to smoking(P=.042), that of skin temperature of foot(P=.002) and dosalis pedis pulse(P=.038) were significant difference according to weight. The level of changes of capillary filling time of foot was related to diagnosis period(P=.014). CONCLUSION: Foot- Reflexo-Massage education program is an effective nursing intervention to promote foot care in diabetic patients. And the related factors can be recommended for the management of diabetic patients.
Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Education* ; Foot ; Humans ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Self Care ; Skin Temperature