No abstract available.
Skin Aging* ; Skin*

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a relevant environment factor to induce cellular senescence and photoaging. Both autophagy- and silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1)-dependent pathways are critical cellular processes of not only maintaining normal cellular functions, but also protecting cellular senescence in skin exposed to UV irradiation. In the present studies, we investigated whether modulation of autophagy induction using a novel synthetic SIRT1 activator, heptasodium hexacarboxymethyl dipeptide-12 (named as Aquatide), suppresses the UVB irradiation-induced skin aging. Treatment with Aquatide directly activates SIRT1 and stimulates autophagy induction in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Next, we found that Aquatide-mediated activation of SIRT1 increases autophagy induction via deacetylation of forkhead box class O (FOXO) 1. Finally, UVB irradiation-induced cellular senescence measured by SA-β-gal staining was significantly decreased in cells treated with Aquatide in parallel to occurring SIRT1 activation-dependent autophagy. Together, Aquatide modulates autophagy through SIRT1 activation, contributing to suppression of skin aging caused by UV irradiation.
Autophagy ; Cell Aging* ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Skin ; Skin Aging

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Aging ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin*

Skin aging principles play important roles in skin disease diagnosis, the evaluation of skin cosmetic effect, forensic identification and age identification in sports competition, etc. This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the skin aging objectively and quantitatively by skin texture area. Firstly, the enlarged skin image was acquired. Then, the skin texture image was segmented by using the iterative threshold method, and the skin ridge image was extracted according to the watershed algorithm. Finally, the skin ridge areas of the skin texture were extracted. The experiment data showed that the average areas of skin ridges, of both men and women, had a good correlation with age (the correlation coefficient r of male was 0.938, and the correlation coefficient r of female was 0.922), and skin texture area and age regression curve showed that the skin texture area increased with age. Therefore, it is effective to evaluate skin aging objectively by the new method presented in this paper.
Algorithms ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Skin Aging

As a major component of the epidermal tissue, a primary keratinocyte has served as an essential tool not only for the study of pathogenesis of skin-related diseases but also for the assessment of potential toxicities of various chemicals used in cosmetics. However, its short lifespan in ex vivo setting has been a great hurdle for many practical applications. Therefore, a number of immortalization attempts have been made with success to overcome this limitation. In order to understand the immortalization process of a primary keratinocyte, several key biological phenomena governing its lifespan will be reviewed first. Then, various immortalization methods for the establishment of stable keratinocyte cell lines will be explained. Finally, its application to a three-dimensional skin culture system will be described.
Aging ; Biological Phenomena ; Cell Line ; Keratinocytes* ; Skin*

With increasing public concern about facial wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity due to aging, diverse devices have been proposed as treatment modalities for facial wrinkles and laxity. Recently, ultrasonography was introduced as a new treatment modality for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. High-intensity focused ultrasonography (HIFU) may be the best example of this technique. It is based on the principle of induction of tissue damage and regeneration of the target area selectively via coagulation by generating microthermal injury lesions through the accumulation of high-frequency ultrasonography beams at the specific tissue site without any damage to the epidermis and adjacent tissue. Current studies reveal that HIFU significantly improves facial wrinkles and skin contours, with generally mild and transient side effects. However, serious adverse events could occur when skillful techniques are not used. These events should be prevented and treated immediately upon presentation to avoid permanent complications. In this article, the authors reviewed the background, principle, treatment outcomes, and side effects of HIFU to improve its efficacy and safety as a new modality for facial rejuvenation.
Aging ; Elasticity ; Epidermis ; Regeneration ; Rejuvenation* ; Skin ; Ultrasonography*

The aging change that occur to the upper eyelid is the obscurity of the position of eyelid crease by the appearance of redundant upper eyelid skin and fold displacement. The solution is to raise the eyelid crease of the affected upper eyelid through the excision of excess soft tissue. Despite of many descriptions of blepharoplasty in the literature, marking the upper lid skin excision has not been well described. Many operators advocate use of a forceps to measure the amount of skin to be excised. But this method is not accurate and may result asymmetric double folds especially in less- experienced operators. Thus we present easy, accurate, and simple method to determine the amount of the skin to be excised as follows: The lower incision is drawn 6-8mm apart from the lid margin in sitting position while gently pulling upward the upper eyelid. While the marking pen is held at the level of the lower incision line, upper lid return to initial natural position, then a mark is made at the same level. After this procedure is repeated at several points, the dots are connected to a continuous line for the upper line of skin excision.
Aging ; Blepharoplasty* ; Eyelids ; Skin* ; Surgical Instruments

Aging changes on the upper third of the face include brow ptosis, glabellar furrowing and forehead transverse wrinkle caused by an imbalance of the forehead muscles. Surgical methods to correct these phenomena include forehead lift with a coronal incision, endoscopic access, and direct forehead skin excision. In response to a common need for cosmetic improvement in the brow-upper eyelid and a desire for minimal incisions for forehead rejuvenation, an approach through blepharoplasty incision had been developed. This approach has many advantages, such as fewer skin incision, less tissue mobilization and direct excision of the hyperactive depressor muscles. However, this approach is not suitable for those who have significant forehead wrinkle and ptosis. We used a combined subperiosteal approach for forehead lift and transection of the hyperactive corrugator and procerus muscles through blepharoplasty incision. This combined surgical technique is simple and effective to correct aging of the upper third of the face without the usual complication. We performed 10 cases of the transpalpebral approach for the correction of the upper third of the face from January 1997 to September 1998, following them up for from 3 to 6 months and obtained satisfactory results. We report our experiences with a review of the literature.
Aging* ; Blepharoplasty ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Muscles ; Rejuvenation ; Skin

Many surgical methods have been tried to correct deep nasolabial fold but it is still regarded as a stigma of aging process which is hard to correct. In recent years, less invasive, simpler and less expensive surgical methods are preferred by patients, so autologous fat graft is regaining attention of many plastic surgeons. Thanks to many surgeon's effort to reduce the reabsorption and to increase the take rate of grafted fat tissue, autologous fat injection has been used successfully in soft tissue facial contouring and there were also trials to apply this method for the correction of deep nasolabial fold. Using author's counter-compression fat injection technique, the author performed autologous fat injection on 20 patients with deep or prominent nasolabial fold from October 2002 to October 2003. The author thoroughly obeyed the standard protocol to reduce the reabsorption and to increase the take rate of grafted fat tissue. The remaining fat after injection were kept under -20degrees C for 9 months and were used for the repeated injection in 2 to 3 months after first injection to improve outcome in overly-reabsorbed or inadequate 13 cases. All patients were satisfied with the outcome, though 3 of them had minor complications (erythmatous stip of skin: 2 cases, firm nodule of skin: 1 case) which wlould be resolved through conservative management. In conclusion autologous fat injection technique is simple and effective for correcting deep nasolabial fold, if we are competent to perform proper injection into precise anatomic position, stick to the measures to reduce the reabsorption and to increase the tak rate of grafted fat tissue, and know how and when to do supplementary repeated injection
Aging ; Humans ; Nasolabial Fold* ; Skin ; Transplants

In general, Oriental people have thicker facial skin with more subcutaneous adipose tissues than Caucacian people. These differences result in characteristic Oriental aging face combined with squared facial contours. Conventional face lift essentially consists of facial wrinklinges and reducing flaccidity of facial skin but squared facial contouring is not considered. Flat and squared face can be improved by reduction malarplasty and mandibular angleplasty, thoses are the common facial bone contouring surgeries performed in the Orient. If patients, who have aging face, also have flat and squared face, it is necessary to be performed face lift and facial bone contouring surgery simultaneously. We have experienced 18 cases of patients with aging face and squared face who were operated face lifting procedures combined with maloplasty or angleplasty(from Apr.1997 to Mar. 2001). And We have satisfactory results on most patients(16 cases of patients were satisfied with results).
Aging ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Rejuvenation* ; Rhytidoplasty ; Skin