Lichen planopilaris is a follicular variant of lichen planus. When it appears on the scalp and is accompanied with hair loss, it is classified into a subtype of cicatrical alopecia. And lichen planopilaris can be classified into classic lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, Graham-Little syndrome. A 63-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of hair loss on the area of occipital skin and 3-week history of pruritic, confluent, purple-colored, flat-topped papules on the same area with decreased follicular ostium. Histopathological findings showed both characteristics of the cicatricial alopecia and those of lichen planus; Loss of the hair follicles, atrophy of the sebaceous gland and sweat gland, and bandlike inflammatory infiltration on the upper dermis, especially on the perifollicular and interfollicular area.
Alopecia ; Atrophy ; Dermis ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lichen Planus ; Lichens ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Sweat Glands

The authors attempted to examine the distribution of S-100 protein in the human fetal skin. Immunohistochemical staining(ABC rnethod) using anti-S-100 antibodies was carried out on skin specimens taken from 11 human fetuses ranging from 9 weeks to 27 weeks of estimated gestational age. At 9 weeks of estimated gestational age, the embryonic epidermis consisted of three cell layers,' the basal layer, intermediate layer and periderm, all of them being stained for S-100 protein. But after 18 weeks, the basal layer changed to be negative. Granular and cornified layer's, beginning their development at 22 weeks, were not stained for S-100 protein. Hair germ of 12 week-fetuses was recognized unstained as a bulge of basal cells. In fully differentiated structural components of the hair follicle after 18 weeks, the outer root sheath only was stained for S-100 protein whereas the inner root sheath, hair matrix cells and sebaceous glands were unstained. Eccrine gland germs developed at 12 weeks of embryonic life as undulation of the basal layer and were not, stained. And at 22 weeks, the secretory portion of the eccrine glands were formed in the dermis and stained for S-100 protein. Our present study suggests that the expression of S-100 protein can undergo considerable changes during ernbryonic differentiation in the epidermis and epidermal appendages.
Antibodies ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans* ; S100 Proteins ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin*

An apocrine hydrocystoma is a translucent cystic nodule that looks like adenomatous cystic proliferation of an apocrine gland, which originated from a hair germ. Dermoid cyst is a cystic teratoma that contains developmentally mature skin appendages, such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and other tissues derived from the ectoderm. Many investigators believe that dermoid cysts re originated from the ectoderm, specifically the hair germ cells. A 58-year-old woman was presented with a purple, asymptomatic, dome-shaped nodule on her right lower eyelid that had been slowly increasing in size for several years. Histopathological examination revealed two well-demarcated cysts: one was lined with stratified squamous epithelium with mature hair and sebaceous glands and the other contained large cystic spaces, which papillary projections extended. We report a rare case of a dermoid cyst, combined with an apocrine hydrocystoma, occurring in the right lower eyelid.
Apocrine Glands ; Dermoid Cyst ; Ectoderm ; Epithelium ; Eyelids ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Research Personnel ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Sweat Glands ; Teratoma

Using peanut agglutinin(PNA), neurarninidase, and avidin-biotin peroxidase com plex(ABC) technique, normal skin specimens, nevocellular nevi, and malignant melanomas were studied, and different PNA binding patterns between nevocellular nevi and malignant melanomas were observed. The results were as follows : 1. In normal skin, except the basement membrane, epidermis and hair follicle epithelium showed a cell membrane staining of PNA after neuraminidase pretreat ment. Sebaceous glands revealed membranous and cytoplasmic staining of PNA, but sweat ducts were not stained. 2. In nevocellular nevi, none of the nevus cells were stained with PNA aftet neuraminidase preteatment. 3. In malignant melanomas, all of the melanorna cells were stained along the cell mernbrane with PNA after neuraminidase pretreatment. Therefore, the PNA staining after neuraminidase pretreatment on paraffin embedded sections using ABC technique is considered to be a useful probe for the differentiation between malignant malanoma and nevocellular nevus.
Basement Membrane ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Hair Follicle ; Melanoma* ; Neuraminidase ; Nevus* ; Paraffin ; Peanut Agglutinin* ; Peroxidase ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Sweat

During normal development of skin, pluripotential cells give rise to keratinocytes, sebaceus glands, hair follicles, apocrine glands, and eccrine glands. In epidermal nevi, these components emerge in an abnormal mixture within a circumscribed site. Many authors have categorized epidermal nevi according to their predominant component, however, there is often notable overlap which occurs within a single area or within contiguous areas. An 11-year-old female patient presented with linearly-arranged, multiple yellowish papules and a dark-brown colored verrucous plaque on the left occipital area, which had been present since birth. From the histopathological findings, the papules were diagnosed as nevus sebaceus and the plaque was diagnosed as verrucous epidermal nevus. Our present case gives support to the view that epidermal nevi have a spectrum of manifestations, including verrucous epidermal nevi and nevus sebaceus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a verrucous epidermal nevus contiguous to a nevus sebaceus in the Korean dermatological literature.
Apocrine Glands ; Child ; Eccrine Glands ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn* ; Parturition ; Skin

These studies were undertaken to evaluate the morphological development of the epidermis, hair, sebaceous gland, eccrine sweat gland and basement membrane in the skin of the Korean fetuses. Nineteen fetuses, 4 to 28 weeks of age, ranging in size from 4 to 230mm crown-rump length, obtained from healthy Korean mothers, were used in these studies and histological observation was done in the different fetal weeks and in the various parts of .the body such as face, perioral, scalp, axilla, abdomen, palm and sole. The results are as follows: 1) At 4-5 weeks of fetal age, the epidermis consists of a single layer of undifferentiated cells and by the 6th week it becomes two-layered; the periderm and the stratum germinativum. At 12-13 weeks, the germinative layer proliferates in a centrifugal direction to form a stratum intermedium and also proliferates in a centripetal direction, giving rise to clusters of cells that grow into the subjacent dermis, to form prhair germs and eccrine sweat gIand germs. Keratohyaline granules first make an appearance at 20th week and the stratum granulosum appears at 28 weeks of fetal life. From 20th week onward the periderm gradually disappears and is replaced by a stratum corneum at 28 weeks.
Abdomen ; Axilla ; Basement Membrane* ; Crown-Rump Length ; Dermis ; Epidermis* ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hair* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands* ; Skin* ; Sweat Glands* ; Sweat*

Hair follicle nevus is one of several nevi, in which hair and hair follicle are involved. Crowding of numerous tiny but mature hair follicles with thick fibrous root sheath are the characteristie histologic finding of the nevus. The patient was one month old male infant with pedunculated. mass l cm in size on the left preauricular area. Histologically the skin of the lesion is covered by acanthotic epidermis. In the corium are numerous small mature hair follicles with thick fibrous sheath and a few small Iobules of sebaceous gland embedded in a fibrovascular stroma. There are, however, no central plate of cartilage and adipose tissue.
Adipose Tissue ; Cartilage ; Crowding ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nevus* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin

BACKGROUND: The epidermis and adnexal epithelium might express different types of keratin (K) during fetal development. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to observe the distribution of K8/18 in the skin of fetuses and to find out the distinction of expressions of K8/18 during fetal development. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was applied to the skin of the scalp and sole of 42 fetuses ranging from 10 to 39 weeks of gestation. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies with CAM5.2 using LSAB kit against K8/18 was conducted. RESULTS: In the skin of the scalp, K8/18 was expressed in the periderm and basal layer of epidermis from the 10th week to the 31st week of fetal gestation. K8/18 was expressed in the hair germ, bulge and basal cells of fetal the infundibulum and sebaceous glands. Root sheath cells were weakly positive but matrix cells were negative. The expression of K8/18 was negative in the basal layer of the sole. Merkel cells, which are located in the basal layer and upper dermis, were positive from the 12th week of gestation. Terminal eccrine ducts and acinar cells were positive after the 20th week of gestation. CONCLUSION: K8/18 in the skin of the scalp and sole of fetuses were expressed in different ways. The expression of K8/18 in the basal cells of the sole were negative while basal cells of the epidermis of the scalp were positive transiently from the 12th to the 31st week of gestation. Early hair germ cells and bulge cells were expressed strongly in hair follicles. Terminal eccrine ducts and acini were expressed strongly in the eccrine gland. Merkel cells located in the basal layer and papillary dermis also express K8/18.
Acinar Cells ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Fetal Development ; Fetus ; Germ Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Merkel Cells ; Molecular Weight* ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin*

Proliferating trichilemmal cyst(PTC) is a rare benign neoplasm that is thought to be derived from the outer root sheath of anagen hair follicles differentiating toward the infundibular and matrical segments, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, or acrosyringium. Clinically, it presents as a solitary elevated, lobulated mass on the scalp of elderly women. Histologically, it shows well demarcated multiple lobules of squamous epithelium. The center of the lobule undergoes abrupt keratinization without formation of keratohyalin and foci of calcification are often present in the areas of amorphous keratin. PTC can be associated with sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn, ectopic apocrine sweat glands, spindle cell carcinoma, etc. We report an unusual case of proliferating trichilemmal cyst with trichoepitheliomatous change in a young woman.
Aged ; Apocrine Glands ; Epithelium ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sweat Glands

BACKGROUND: During the fetal stage, the epidermis and adnexal epithelium might express different types of cytokeratin (CK) by developmental stages. The objective of this study is to observe the expressions of CK1, CK10 and CK14 in the skin of human fetuses. METHODS: Immunohistochemical stains were applied to the skin of 42 fetuses ranging from 10 to 36 gestation weeks. Three different portions of the body (i.e., scalp, chest and sole) were sampled. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against CK1, 10, 14 were done. RESULTS: We found that CK14 was expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis and adnexae of fetuses beween 10 to 36 gestation weeks. However, stronger expression in the middle than the basal layer was noted in the soles of 15-week fetuses followed by exclusive basal expression. The sebaceous gland, the outer root sheath of the hair follicle and the eccrine duct epithelium also showed CK14 expressions, while CK14 was negative in hair germ and acini. Both CK1 and CK10 were expressed in the epidermis of fetuses ranging between 10 to 36 gestation weeks at the suprabasal layer of the scalp, chest and sole; while they were negative in the basal layer and skin adnexae including sebaceous, hair and eccrine gland. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of cytokeratins in the fetal skin were noted at 10 weeks throughout the entire gestation period and were similar in the three different sites, except in the early stage of the sole. The main expression sites of K14 were the basal layer of the epidermis, the eccrine ducts and the outer root sheath cells of hair, suggesting the same origin, while those of K1 and K10 were in the suprabasal layer of epidermis.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Coloring Agents ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Fetus ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Keratins* ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin* ; Thorax