OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of escharectomy during shock stage on systemic and intestinal immune function and its mechanism in scalded rats.

METHODSNinety-six Wistar rats were employed in the study of which 8 were used as normal control group. The donor skin from the trunk in twenty-four rats were preserved in liquid nitrogen. The other 64 rats were subjected to 30% full-thickness scalding, and they were randomly divided into A (n = 24, no treatment after scalding), B (n = 24) and C (n = 16) groups. Physiological saline was intraperitoneally injected (50 ml/kg) on the 24 post-scalding hours to the rats in the B and C groups. The rats in B group underwent escharectomy during shock stage, and the excision wounds were covered with the cryo-preserved alloskin. The rats in C group received the same treatment as in B group but at 72 post-scalding hours. The change in the proliferative ability of splenic lymphocytes, the plasma and intestinal tissue content of interleukin 2 (IL-2), the contents of sIgA in intestinal mucus, and the content of DAO in the intestinal tissue were observed on 2, 4 and 8 post burn days (PBD) in A and B groups and also on 4 and 8 PBD in C group, respectively.

RESULTSThe splenocytic proliferative ability, IL-2 level in the plasma and intestinal tissue, and the sIgA content in intestinal mucus in the rats in A, B and C groups were lower than that in control group at all time points (P < 0.05). The proliferative ability of splenic lymphocytes in B group on 4 and 8 PBD and in C group on 8 PBD respectively was similar to that in control group. Whereas the IL-2 content in plasma and in intestinal tissue was higher in B and C groups than that in A group (P < 0.01). The sIgA content in intestinal mucus in B group was twice of that in C group respectively [(3.51 +/- 2.14) mg/g vs (1.40 +/- 0.64) mg/g, (3.03 +/- 0.95) mg/g vs (1.52 +/- 1.26) mg/g (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)] on 4 and 8 PBD. The DAO activity in the intestinal tissue in A group was lower than that in control and B group (P < 0.05) on 4 and 8 PBD.

CONCLUSIONEscharectomy during shock stage might be beneficial to the recovery of the systemic and intestinal immune functions in rats with scalding injury.

Animals ; Burns ; immunology ; surgery ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; immunology ; Interleukin-2 ; immunology ; Intestines ; immunology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Traumatic ; immunology ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

As one of the most serious types of psoriasis, pathogenesis of erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is unclear so far. In this study, we aimed to detect the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors and T-lymphocyte clone in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from EP patients, and gene expression level of T-bet/GATA-3 in skin lesion. The potential role of Th1/Th2 reaction pattern played in the pathogenesis of EP was also discussed. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were quantified by ELISA among 16 EP patients, 20 psoriasis vulgaris (PV) patients and 15 healthy controls. The expression levels of T-bet/GATA-3 in the skin lesion and PBMCs were examined by real-time qPCR. The ratio of Th1/Th2 was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in EP patients than in the healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were 69.44±11.45 and 12.62±4.57 pg/mL, respectively, in EP patients, significantly higher than those in PV patients and healthy controls (P<0.05). Flow cytometry revealed the levels of both Th1 and Th2 in PBMCs from EP patients were higher than those in healthy controls, and the Th1/Th2 ratio was dramatically lower than in PV patients (P<0.01). The ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and T-bet/GATA-3 in EP patients were both less than 1.0, suggesting a reversal when compared with the other two groups. Our study indicated that the EP patients exerted a Th1/Th2 bidirectional response pattern, and the balance of Th cell subsets inclines to Th2, which might be one of the important mechanisms of EP pathogenesis.
Adult ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Psoriasis ; immunology ; pathology ; Skin ; immunology ; pathology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; pathology

Canine atopic skin disease is seasonal or sometimes non-seasonal immune-mediated skin disease which occurs commonly in Korea. The definite clinical sign is systemic pruritus, especially on periocular parts, external ear, interdigit spaces and lateral flank. For diagnosis of this dermatitis, complete history taking followed by intradermal skin test and serum in vitro IgE test needs to be performed. Allergen selection for the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis should be varied geographically. In this study, with intradermal skin test(IDST) the prevalence of atopic disease and what allergens are involved in are researched. Allergens used for IDST included 26 allergen extracts from six allergen groups: grasses, trees, weeds, molds, epidermal allergens and environmental allergens. The number of allergens was 42 in which the positive and negative controls are included. The most common positive allergen reaction was the house dust mites on IDST(22/35, 63%). The other positive allergen reactions were to flea(3/35, 9%), molds(1/35, 3%), house dusts(2/35, 6%), feathers (1/35, 3%), cedar/juniper(1/35, 3%), timothy grass(1/35, 3%) and dandelion(1/35, 3%). In this study, the most prevalent allergen causing atopic dermatitis in dogs in Korea was the house dust mites followed by the flea.
Allergens/*immunology ; Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*immunology ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Skin Tests/veterinary

A 43-year-old man with generalized lichen planus demonstrated serum antibodies against autologous lesional skin. Indirect immunofluorescence using serum and papular lesional skin revealed a lichen planus specific antigen found only in the granular layer. The specific tissue antigen was not detected in normal skin from this patient, in normal skin from patients with skin disorders other than lichen planus or in skin from normal control persons. When titers of the serum antibodies against lichen planus antigen were examined before and after a successful therapy a positive correlation of the titer could be found in this patient.
Adult ; Antibodies/*immunology ; Antigens/*analysis ; Humans ; Lichen Planus/drug therapy/*immunology ; Male ; Skin/*immunology

The modern studies indicate that there is a close relationship between mast cells and the acupuncture effect, and acupuncture can activate mast cells to induce a series of vascular reaction and immunological effect. The authors hold that acupuncture is a kind of nociceptive stimulus, which can cause inflammatory reaction in the sites of acupuncture, and then further activate the nerve-endocrine-immune network to cause the cascade amplification of the acupuncture effect. The inflammatory reaction induced by acupuncture is one of the initial factors of acupuncture effect.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Humans ; Immunity ; Mast Cells ; immunology ; Nerve Fibers ; immunology ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Skin ; immunology

Skin grafting has been one of the most important approaches for covering burn wounds, however long-term survival of allogeneic or xenogeneic skin graft is currently not successful. How to induce immune tolerance for life-time survival of allogeneic or xenogeneic skin graft is still remote objective to be solved. However, clinicians and scientists in China have worked very hard and made great contribution to this field during the past 50 years, no matter how difficult it is. They are the respected pioneers in the understanding of immunological change in "Chinese Method" skin grafting, its local immune tolerance, immunology of pre-treatment of skin graft, etc. Herein, the most outstanding and impressive progresses in immunological responses after skin grafting in the past 50 years in China have been reviewed and presented for memory, for future and for extending a salute.
Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Skin Transplantation ; immunology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly classified family of immune cells of the lymphoid lineage. While they could be found in both lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues, ILCs are preferentially enriched in barrier tissues such as the skin, intestine, and lung where they could play important roles in maintenance of tissue integrity and function and protection against assaults of foreign agents. On the other hand, dysregulated activation of ILCs could contribute to tissue inflammatory diseases. In spite of recent progress towards understanding roles of ILCs in the health and disease, mechanisms regulating specific establishment, activation, and function of ILCs in barrier tissues are still poorly understood. We herein review the up-to-date understanding of tissue-specific relevance of ILCs. Particularly we will focus on resident ILCs of the skin, the outmost barrier tissue critical in protection against various foreign hazardous agents and maintenance of thermal and water balance. In addition, we will discuss remaining outstanding questions yet to be addressed.
Animals ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; physiology ; Inflammation ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Skin ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of allergic factores in eosinophilic nasal polyps. METHOD: Clinical characters of 67 eosinophilic nasal polyps patients and 26 lymphocyte nasal polyps patients were restrospeetively analyzed. Allergic factors, allergens and nasal anatomic variations were compared between two groups. RESULT: Allergic factors are proned to present in eosinophilic nasal polyps group compared with lymphocyte nasal polyps group; The positive rates of allergen skin test between eosinophilic nasal polyps group and lymphocyte nasal polyps group showed significant difference; Allergens in eosinophilic nasal polyps group are different from lymphocyte nasal polyps group; Nasal anatomic variations are different between two groups. CONCLUSION Different pathogenesis maybe exist in different pathological type nasal polyps. Allergic factors are closely relative to eosinophilic nasal polyps and nasal anatomic variations play a more important role in the formation of lymhocyte nasal polyps.
Allergens ; immunology ; Eosinophils ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Skin Tests

In order to study the relationship between serum specific IgE (sIgE) and allergen skin test, allergen skin tests and detections of sIgE in 220 allergic patients of Wuhan area were analyzed. The coherent rate of the two methods was beyond 70% (P < 0.01). It was concluded that the in vitro and in vivo detection methods of allergens have a high coherence and can be used as the effective ways to diagnose the allergic diseases in clinical practice.
Allergens ; China ; Dermatophagoides farinae/immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/*blood ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/*immunology ; Skin Tests ; Urticaria/*immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the immune reaction in the mixed culture of host lymphocytes with allogenic and host endothelial cells.

METHODSThe host epithelial cells and lymphocytes from burn patients and allogenic epithelial cells were mix-cultured in different ratios, so as to simulate the local immune micro-environment of host skin island in intermingled skin grafting. In addition, the cells from normal human subjects were also mix-cultured as control. The lymphocyte cpm values were detected by (3)H-TdR and HLA molecules and T cell subgroup were determined by immunohistological technique.

RESULTS(1) The lymphocyte proliferation reaction could be effectively inhibited by the epithelial cells from burn patients but not from normal control. (2) The inhibition of host lymphocyte proliferation could not be mediated by the HLA-DQ molecules of epithelium from burn patients. (3) The positive expression rate of HLA-DR of epithelia from burn patients was evidently higher that that from normal control (P < 0.05), (4) The CD8 expression of lymphocyte in burn patients was significantly higher than that in normal control (P < 0.01), while the CD4 expression in burn patients was lower than that in normal control (P < 0.01). But there was no obvious difference of the CD3 expression between patients and normal subjects (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe lymphocyte proliferation reaction could be obviously inhibited by the host epithelium, which might be related to the specific immune state of the host lymphocytes and epithelium of burn patients.

Cell Communication ; immunology ; physiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Division ; Epithelial Cells ; immunology ; physiology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; physiology ; Skin Transplantation ; immunology