Skeletal bone ; anatomic

Antibiotic-loaded bone cement has been used as prophylaxis against infection in total joint replacement surgery. Its effect on the mechanical strength of cement is a major concern as high dose of antibiotic was associated with a significant reduction in mechanical strength of bone cement. However, the cut-off antibiotic that weakens the mechanical strength of cement remains to be determined. This study was undertaken to observe the changes in the mechanical properties of bone cement with gradual increments of Cefuroxime antibiotic. Cefuroxime at different doses: 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5gm were added to a packet of 40gm bone cement (Simplex P) and study samples were prepared by using third generation cementing technique. Mechanical impact, flexural and tensile strength were tested on each sample. Significant impact and tensile strength reduction were observed after addition of 4.5 gm of Cefuroxime. However, flexural strength was significantly reduced at a lower dose of 3.0 gm. The maximum dose of Cefuroxime to be safely added to 40mg Surgical Simplex P is 1.5gm when third generation cementing technique is used. Further study is needed to determine whether it is an effective dose as regards to microbiological parameters.
Skeletal bone ; Cefuroxime ; Antibiotics ; meter ; Reduction (chemical)

Defects were created in the mandible of a rabbit model whereby the right side was implanted with hydroxyapatite (HA) while the left side was left empty to act as control. Both the implant and control sites were evaluated clinically and histologically at 4,12,20,22 weeks. Decalcified sections were studied under confocal laser scanning microscope. No reactive cells were evident microscopically in all sections. There was bone ingrowth as early as 4 weeks when viewed by the topographic method. Enhancement of osteoconduction was evident by the presence of abundant capillaries, perivascular tissue and osteoprogenitor cells of the host. At 22 weeks, the implanted defect showed mature bone formation filling almost the whole field. This study demonstrated that the dense HA exhibits excellent biocompatibility as noted by the complete absence of reactive cells. It also promotes osteoconduction.
Materials ; Skeletal bone ; week ; Durapatite ; in vivo study

seconds ; Skeletal bone ; therapeutic aspects ; Malignant Neoplasms

The use of repeatedly heated frying oils and intake of high cholesterol diet have been linked to bone damage. The aim of this study is to determine the combined effects of taking repeatedly heated frying oils (palm or soy oil) and high cholesterol diet on the dynamic histomorphometric parameters of bone. Ovariectomised rats were used as animal model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. After six months of treatment, Double-labeled Surface (dLS/BS), Mineralising surface (MS/BS) and Bone Formation Rate (BFR/BS) of ovariectomised rats (OvxC) were significantly reduced compared to the normal control group. Additions of fresh or once-heated palm or soy oil into high cholesterol diet seem to have improved the dynamic parameters towards the normal control values. However, when these oils were repeatedly heated, the protective effects were lost and the dynamic parameters except MS/BS dropped back towards the ovariectomised-control values.
Oils ; Diet ; Cholesterol ; Skeletal bone ; Rattus norvegicus

The calcaneus is not a common site for a unicameral solitary bone cyst. Little is known about the etiology and natural history of these lesions. The author reports an adult man with a solitary bone cyst of the os calcis which was confirmed radiologically and histologically and successfully treated with curretage and bone grafting.
Skeletal bone ; Unicameral bone cyst ; Cysts ; Small ; seconds

Patients who were just operated on for artificial carpal bone replacement or total artificial hip joint replacement are at high risk of luxation. They are recommended to use pillow-like cushions for propping up their hips or legs for a couple of weeks postoperatively. Even after the removal of the props, there remains a chance of dislocation. Some patients, lying upon their back and spreading their legs apart day and night, complain of pain. With a view to allaying the patients' pain, we attempted to develop a cushion such that patients could toss and turn in bed easily. A questionnaire survey was carried out on all the nurses who had learnt a lot from experience in using pillows commercially available. Based on the findings of the survey, we trial manufactured cushions and used them in one capitate bone replacement patient and three hip joint replacement patients. The cushions were well received by the patients and rated high by a orthopedic surgeon who checked X-rays of the patients.
Prevention ; Dislocation, complete, NOS ; Skeletal bone ; Replacement of joint, NOS ; Surveys

Spinal fusion surgery ; Homologous Grafts ; Skeletal bone ; Future

Supernumerary tooth (ST) is a developmental anomaly and has been argued to arise from multiple etiologies. These teeth may remain embedded in the alveolar bone or can erupt into the oral cavity. When it remains embedded, it may cause disturbance to the developing teeth. The erupted supernumerary tooth might cause aesthetic and/or functional problems especially if it is situated in the maxillary anterior region. A case of supernumerary teeth is presented where the teeth have been left in place and which later gave rise to some problems. The patient had history of trauma and requested orthodontic treatment for the misalignment of his anterior teeth. The treatment options are further discussed.
Tooth ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; treatment options ; Places ; Skeletal bone

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal, genetic neuromuscular disorders that manifests as progressive muscle wasting. Although there has been enormous progress in the studies of the molecular mechanism of muscular dystrophy, there is still no cure. Cell-based therapy is a promiseful option. This review will focus on the present status of cell-based therapy. Myoblast transfer therapy is hindered by minimal distribution of cells after injection, immune rejection, and poor cell survival. The drawback of bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation is the low efficiency of transdifferentiation. Compared with them, the injection of postnatal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) results in a superior regeneration of dystrophin-expressing myofibers.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; therapy ; Myoblasts, Skeletal ; transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods