Erectile dysfunction has a high incidence rate and is a difficult-to-treat condition in male urology.The synergistic effect of nerves,endothelium,and smooth muscles plays a crucial role in penile erection.However,the role of the many fibroblasts in the corpus cavernosum of the penis during erection is often overlooked.Fibroblasts are at the center of the cellular and molecular network in the corpus cavernosum of the penis,regulating the dynamic balance of the cavernosal microenvironment and mediating penile erection,thus providing a novel target for treating erectile dysfunction.Blood stasis primarily causes erectile dysfunction,thereby serving as a crucial pathological factor leading to the imbalance of the cavernosal microenvironment.Blood stasis also corresponds to the microscopic pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum of patients with erectile dysfunction.Therefore,this study explored the correlation between fibroblast-mediated penile erection and traditional Chinese medicine theories,integrating it with clinical practice.This study proposes that activating blood and resolving stasis can regulate the cavernosal microenvironment and improve fibroblast-mediated erectile dysfunction.This study also provides novel insights for treating erectile dysfunction with traditional Chinese medicine.

Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a chronic progressive end-stage lung disease.However,the mechanisms un-derlying the progression of this disease remain elusive.Presently,clinically employed drugs are scarce for the treatment of PF.Hence,there is an urgent need for developing novel drugs to address such diseases.Our study found for the first time that a natural source of Prismatomeris connata Y.Z.Ruan(Huang Gen,HG)ethyl acetate extract(HG-2)had a significant anti-PF effect by inhibiting the expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic(TGF-β1/Smad)pathway.Network pharmacological analysis suggested that HG-2 had effects on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation,cellular response to reactive oxygen species,and extracellular matrix(ECM)disassembly.Moreover,mass spec-trometry imaging(MSI)was used to visualize the heterogeneous distribution of endogenous metabolites in lung tissue and reveal the anti-PF metabolic mechanism of HG-2,which was related to arginine biosyn-thesis and alanine,asparate and glutamate metabolism,the downregulation of arachidonic acid meta-bolism,and the upregulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism.In conclusion,we elaborated on the relationship between metabolite distribution and the progression of PF,constructed the regulatory metabolic network of HG-2,and discovered the multi-target therapeutic effect of HG-2,which might be conducive to the development of new drugs for PF.