In this study, we reviewed the research progress of traditional Chinese medical syndromes and analyzed the problems. The results showed that most of the reports of the traditional Chinese medical syndrome research utilized the modern scientific technology, and testified the rationality of traditional Chinese medical theory by modern medical logical thinking. It is suggested that for the present research showing obvious achievements should be continued, but for the study showing less effectiveness, the research direction should be converted after adopting the related suggestions. Before the formation of the optimum medical mode, the research of traditional Chinese medical syndromes should not be suspended. It is indicated that the future research of traditional Chinese medical syndromes should still be based on the ancient medical literatures, and can adopt the direct-viewing and microscopic explanation of the modern medical sciences , as well as their study methods of qualitation, positioning, and quantitation.

Objective]To further demonstrate Li Dongyuan, in order to treatBianjing big epidemic diseasein 1232 so as to write this book,and the relevance of , Yin fire theory, Bianjing big epidemic disease and plague. We reread the book which contained symptoms, syndromes and editing order to further demonstrate. [Methods] Under the premise of affirming early stage researching background,to comb the three volumes of , containing the symptoms and the pathogenesis of the syndrome(Yin fire) and treatments rule of prescriptions, horizontal comparing types and symptoms of the plague, longitudinal contacting before and after the onset of epidemic disease with the logic of writingwhich contained symptoms and prescriptions. [Results] We suppose Li Dongyuan was to treatBianjing big epidemic diseasein 1232 so as to writeand theBianjing epidemic diseasewas the plague, combing analysis symptoms, syndromes and editing order of, it is not difficult to find that Li Dongyuan made the thoughts which had the consistency of treating the plague. The first and second volumes ofcontainingYin firesyndrome are similar with the beginning of the plague, and Li Dongyuan created Bu zhong yi qi decoction, Qing shu yi qi decoction by adding and subtracting for curing plague, the third volume contained the treatment to improper diet after the epidemic(e.g., dyspepsia, the wet). There also exists hesitations upon the dosages and forms of prescriptions are inconsistent with the epidemic disease, and the time when Li Dongyuan finished this book etc. [Conclusion] Since the 1960s, scholars analyzed and interpretated Yin Fire in a variety of pathogenesis according to , stomach from internal injuries as a starting point, but it still does not have an intuitive understanding,such thinking and contact unavoidably has less rigorous, but from the perspective of historical background and modern disease interpretation of the classic of traditional Chinese medicine, it is a good way to research of TCM literature mystery,but also from a broader perspective to understand these issues.

Functional diarrhea is a common disease of the digestive tract system. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mainly included herbal formulea, acupuncture and moxibustion to treat the functional diarrhea, according to the principles of strengthening spleen and moistening, nourishing spleen and kidney, and soothing liver. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the effective mechanism of TCM treatment of functional diarrhea. However, further researches needed to be done on the micro-mechanism of TCM syndrome differentiation for functional diarrhea.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the current research status and hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of ulcerative colitis （UC） via bibliometrics method. METHODS The clinical， basic， and pharmacological research of TCM in the treatment of UC in the CNKI core journals database and Web of Science core collection database were searched from January 2013 to April 2023. The CiteSpace 6.1. R6 software was adopted to analyze the number of authors， institutions and keywords. What’s more， a visual map was plotted. RESULTS Overall， 1 060 Chinese articles and 555 English articles were included. In 2013-2023， the number of relevant research documents issued by TCM in the treatment of UC has shown a significant upward trend. Among the included literature， there are 59 core authors in Chinese and 33 core authors in English. A stable group centered on multiple key scholars has been formed. Chinese research hotspots focus on the experience of famous doctors， classical famous prescriptions， etc.； English research hotspots center on cells， expression， activation，signaling pathway， etc. The study of intestinal flora， inflammatory factors， and other mechanisms has attracted much attention in both Chinese and English literature. CONCLUSIONS In recent years， some progress has been made in the study of treating UC with TCM. In the future， the top-level design of clinical research protocols based on maintaining the characteristics of TCM should be strengthened. Moreover， the long- term efficacy evaluation of TCM in the treatment of UC should be emphasized， and new technologies such as metabolomics and protein sequencing should be actively adopted to explore the scientific connotation of TCM compatibility in treating diseases.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingyusan capsules in the long-term treatment of mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis （UC） with the syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat. MethodA randomized， controlled design was adopted， and 88 patients with mild to moderate UC and syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat were randomized into a Qingyusan （Qingyusan capsules， 0.8 g·d^-1） group and a control （mesalazine， 0.4 g·d^-1） group， with 44 patients in each group. Three and one patients dropped out in the control and Qingyusan groups， respectively， during the 32 weeks of treatment. The clinical remission rate， mucosal healing rate， and modified Mayo score， TCM symptom score， and short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire （SIBDQ） score before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The colonoscopic and pathological changes were observed， and the clinical safety was compared between the two groups. ResultAfter treatment， the clinical remission rate and mucosal healing rate in the Qingyusan group were 72.1% （31/43） and 74.4% （32/43）， respectively， which were higher than those ［26.8% （11/41） and 41.5% （17/41）， respectively］ in the control group （χ²=17.200， χ²=10.843， respectively， both P<0.01）. The treatment in both groups decreased the modified Mayo score， partial Mayo score， and TCM symptom score （P<0.05）， and the decreases in the Qingyusan group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， the SIBDQ scores in both groups increased （P<0.05）， and the increase was more pronounced in the Qingyusan group than in the control group （P<0.01）. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of Qingyusan capsules is remarkable in the long-term treatment of UC with the syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat. Particularly， Qingyusan capsules demonstrates advantages in inducing and maintaining clinical remission， promoting mucosal healing， alleviating TCM symptoms， and enhancing the survival quality of patients， with high safety.