OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for revising the standards of primaquine phosphate in International Pharmacopoe-ia (the fifth edition). METHODS:Based on inspection standards for primaquine phosphate and its preparations in different coun-tries,HPLC,perchloric acid potentiometric titration and sodium nitrite dead-stop titration were adopted to determine and compare the contents of primaquine phosphate. RESULTS:In HPLC,the linear range of primaquine phosphate was 128.1-384.2 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);the limit of detection was 0.18 μg/ml,the limit of quantification was 0.59 μg/ml;RSDs of precision,stability and repro-ducibility tests were lower than 1%;recovery was 99.42%-101.14%(RSD=0.6,n=9);destructive test and durability test showed good specificity;the contents of 3 batches of samples were 92.1%,92.3% and 92.0%,respectively. In perchloric acid potentiomet-ric titration,RSDs of precision and reproducibility tests were 1.6%;the titration jump was not obvious;the contents were 99.1%, 99.7% and 98.7%,respectively. In sodium nitrite dead-stop titration,RSDs of precision and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;the titration jump was obvious;the contents were 96.9%,97.1% and 96.7%,respectively. Sodium nitrite external indicator ti-tration showed better precision than dead-stop titration;the contents were 99.6%,100.0% and 99.5%,respectively. CONCLU-SIONS:Perchloric acid potertiometric titration is simple and rapid,but with relatively poor precision and reproducibility,and it contains quinocide. Sodium nitrite dead-stop titration is simple with good precision and reproducibility but long reaction time,and it also contains quinocide,the HPLC method shows good separation and high accuracy,can effectively separate the quinocide in primaquine phosphate,and it is suitable for the quality control of primaquine phosphate.

Objective To study the effect of transient intensive insulin treatment on the serum free fatty acid (FFA) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Sixty-four newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were treated with transient intensive insulin.The fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 hours post-prandial glucose (2hPG),lipid,fastin insulin (FINS),and serum FFA was examined hefore and after treatment.Results The levels of FPG,2hPG,total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C),FFA and HOMA-IR after treatment were (9.68 ± 2.02) mmol/L,(12.77 ± 1.35) mmol/L,(4.26 ± 1.07) mmol/L,(1.52 ± 0.58) mmol/L,(2.50 ±0.75) mmol/L,(435.84 ± 190.94) μmol/L,0.51 ± 0.62,and they decreased obviously compared with those before treatment [(14.66 ± 3.50) mmol/L,(17.43 ±4.89) mmol/L,(5.03 ±0.94) mmol/L,(2.05 ± 1.42) mmol/L,(2.91 ±0.78) mmol/L,(586.68 ±229.45)μmol/L,0.65 ± 0.89](P＜0.05).The level of HOMA-β increased obviously (2.70 ± 0.83 vs.1.74 ± 1.04)(P＜0.05).The increase of HOMA-β and the decrease of HOMA-IR was positively correlated with the decrease of FFA.Conclusion The transient intensive insulin treatment can evidently decrease the level of FFA that can improve beta-cell function and relieve insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: Lower limb motion is complex.Proper human motion parameters detection is important for knee prosthesis control.Current lower limb prosthesis control information source is physical quantity related to motion information,which can directly reflect biomechanical characteristics of human motion.It is simple to collect and applicable for real-time control.The lower limb prosthesis utilizes one or several sensors to detect human motion information.OBJECTIVE: To develop a sensor system that can collect human motion information controlled by intelligent lower limb prosthesis.METHODS: Relationship between pivot axis installation potentiometer and knee joint flexion angle was acquired from analysis of four-bar linkage with a fixed pneumatic cylinder.In addition,the proper hall sensor installation position was selected to solve the two-solution problem.A sensor signal acquisition experiment was designed.The treadmill ensure that walking speed was completely under control.Knee joint flexion angle at toe-off in different walking speeds was measured.Curve fitting process provided the correspondence between them.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Knee joint flexion angle at toe-off increased with increasing walking speed.Quadratic curve fitting obtained a good effect.Results show that under horizontal walking state,potentiometers and Hall-sensors can be used to detect walking speed of lower limb prosthesis,and distinguish support phase and swing phase.

Total caudate lobectomy via anterior hepatic transection is still a new technique to resect the tumor in the caudate lobe,which is mastered only by few surgeons.The procedure was successfully performed on a 21-year old patient with focal nodular hyperplasia in caudate lobe.The right and left lobes were first mobilized,then the short hepatic veins were dissected to detach the caudate lobe from the retrohepatic vena cava.Then the liver was split anteriorly and the partial middle lobe was resected.With this process,the tumor was in the sight and we dissected it from the liver parenchyma.The inflow blood was occluded 3 times with a period of 29,27 and 27 minutes,respectively,with an interval of 5 minutes.The total blood loss during operation was 1000 ml.The patient recovered quickly without any complications.The technique for caudate lobectomy via anterior hepatic transection can improve the success rate and safety of caudate lobectomy and deserve clinical consideration.

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of hepatic resection with selective hepatic vascular exclusion(SHVE). Methods SHVE was used in 246 consecutive patients undergoing major or complex liver resection in our center. Preoperative demographic and clinical data,details of the surgical procedure, pathologic diagnosis, postoperative course and complications were collected and analy zed. Results From January 2000 to July 2007, liver resections were performed IJnder SHVE in 246 patients; total SHVE, right partial SHVE and left partial SHVE in 145, 54 and 47 patients, respectively. SHVE was converted to total hepatic vascular exclusion(THVE)in 3 patients to repair the wall of inferior vena cava(IVC). Hemodynamic tolerance to SHVE was excellent, only with a slight increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance during clamping.There were no deaths. and the morbidity was 24.8%.The mean leyth of hospital stay was 9.6 days(range 8-18) .Conclusion Our study showed that SHVE is a safe and effective procedurei and it is applicable to liver tumors near but not invade the inferior vena cava.

Objective To analyze the tendency and influential factors and relationship for behavior problem among 3 to 6 years old preschool children.Methods By a prospective study,the questionnaire survey was carried out in 551 parents of 3 to 6 years old children from kindergarten in Guangzhou,including General Situation Questionnaire,the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(parent version) and 3-7 years old children Behavioral Style Questionnaire.The data were collected at baseline and 1 year follow-up,and were analyzed by the prospective study method.Results Baseline survey 733 valid questionnaires,551 questionnaires were followed up (follow-up rate was 75.2％),the effective questionnaires were 526 (effective rate was 95.5％).The detection rate of behavior problem reduced by age (t =1.975,P =0.049),especially in the kind problem of conduct (t =2.888,P =0.004),friendship (t =2.572,P =0.010) and prosocial behavior(t =-3.329,P =0.001).In the mean time,the degree of cutting down in girls was more obvious than in boys (t =2.359,P =0.019).The influential factors include mother'age,parental education level,structure of family and children' temperament.Children's gender and whether the only child has no significant effect on behavior problems,and the family income only affects the change of behavior problems.Conclusions The detection rate of behavior problem reduce by age and influenced by many factors.Intervention measures must be synthetically considered various related factors.

Objective To explore related factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis (OP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD of the femoral neck and the lumbar vertebrae in 220 patients with T2DM. All the patients were divided into three groups:normal bone mass group, decreased bone mass group and OP group according to the value of BMD. The clinical data and biochemical indicators were compared and analyzed between these groups, and the influencing factors of T2DM and OP were explored. Results Compared with normal bone mass group and decreased bone mass group, there were more older patients, longer course of T2DM, lower BMI and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in OP group. There were significantly higher age, longer course of T2DM, higher level of HbA1c, and lower levels of BMI, HDL-C in decreased bone mass group than those of normal bone mass group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), postmenopausal women (PMW) ratio, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), blood phosphorus, calcium, total cholesterol (TC), three acyl glycerin (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between three groups. The risk factors for T2DM combined with OP were older, female, long duration of T2DM, higher levels of FPG, 2hPG and HbA1c. Conclusion Older and female T2DM patients were high-risk group of OP. The treatment plan should be timely adjusted by regularly monitoring indexes of blood glucose and HbA1c.

Objective:To investigate the criterion-related validity of Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL)-Chinese version and to evaluate the effect of menopausal symptoms on health related quality of life. Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Three communities were randomly chosenin Changsha,and then 340 menopausal women aged 45-55 years were randomly chosen from the documented data of the 3 community health service centers. They were required to fill out 4 questionnaires: demographic questionnaire, MENQOL-Chinese version, Kupperman Index (KI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHQOL)-BREF. Correlation analysis was used to measure the criterion-related validity. Results: MENQOL-Chinese version subscales (vasomotor, psycho-social, sexual and physical) and KI total score were positively correlated (r=0.800,0.751, 0.607, 0.906 respectively); while negatively correlated with WHOQOL-BREF total score (r =-0.694,-0.851,-0.585,-0.873 respectively); MENQOL-Chinese version subscales (vasomotor, psycho-social, sexual and physical) were signiifcantly correlated with WHOQOL-BREF subscales (physical, psychological, social relationship, environment), and the physical domain was the highest among the correlation coeffcients (r=-0.915). Conclusion:MENQOL-Chinese version shows relatively high criterion-related validity compared with KI and WHOQOL-BREF, which can be widely used to measure the quality of life of menopause women in China.

Background and purpose:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) is a high risk breast cancer that lacks the benefit from molecular targeted therapy.The purpose of this study was to compare the response to neoadjuvant taxanes and anthracyclines chemotherapy and survival in patients with TNBC and non-TNBC.Methods:One hundred and thirty-eight patients treated with 4 cycles of neoadjuvant taxanes,and anthracyclines chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study.TNBC is defined as the lack of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2) expression by immunohistochemistry method.The clinical and pathologic response and neoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy,and the relationships of response and survival between TNBC and non-TNBC were analyzed.Results:Of the 138 patients,37(26.8%) were TNBC and 101(73.2%) were non-TNBC.The overall response rate(OR)was 85.5%(118/138),including 35.5% clinical complete response(cCR) and 50.0% clinical partial response(cPR).The pathologic complete response(pCR) was 21.7%.The cCR and pCR were 51.4% and 45.9% in patients with TNBC,significantly higher than patients with non-TNBC respectively(29.7% and 12.9%)(P0.05).In contrast,TNBC patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had worse 5-year DFS and OS compared with non-TNBC(P

AIM: To study the effect of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) on adriamycin(ADM)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, ADM treated group and FDP intervention group. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO - 2/NO - 3, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by colorimetric method in myocardial tissue, and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method in myocardial tissue, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA in myocardial tissue were detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The contents of NO - 2/NO - 3 and MDA in myocardial tissue, the expressive levels of iNOS mRNA and Bax mRNA in cardiomyocyes and its apoptotic amounts in FDP intervention group were significantly lower than those in ADM treated group ( P