indicators of oxidative stress.

Objective:To analyse the difference of torque performance between lingual and labial brackets as well as the influence of the archwires of different materials with different dimension on the torque capability of lingual brackets.Methods:The 3D finite mo-del of lingual and labial brackets from the right upper canine to the left upper canine was established,all brackets were with 0.56 mm slot size.The center of the bracket slot of the left upper central incisor was used as the central point and the two brackets were rotated clockwise and counterclockwise with a rotation angle of ±20°along the horizontal axis of bracket slot.The torque load on the left up-per central incisors with different materials and dimensions of the archwires was simulated.Results:The torque force of both lingual and labial brackets increased with the increase of rotation angle and the elastic modulus of archwire.The lingual archwire generated torque force was nearly 3 -5 times more than the labial system under the same torque angle.The torque value generated with 0.48 mm ×0.64 mm archwires was greater than 0.43 mm ×0.64 mm.The lingual bracket generated torque force decreased gradually from nickel-titanium(NiTi),Beta-titanium(TMA)to stainless steel(SS)under the same dimension.Conclusion:Torque moments of lin-gual and labial brackets both increases with the increase of torque angle in each operating condition.The lingual orthodontic brackets produce more torque force than labial brackets under the same torque angle.Torque performance of lingual bracket was affected by the material and dimension of the archwires.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)is the syndrome with platelet destruction increase through immunologic mechanism. In this case,the patient's main performance was oral mucosal bloody bulla with the ecchymosis on whole body.

The ATP2C1 gene mutation in one case of familial benign chronic pemphigus was investigated. One patient was diagnosed as familial benign chronic pemphigus by pathology, ultrastructral examination and clinical features. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. Mutation of ATP2C1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The results showed that deletion mutation was detected in ATP2C1 gene in this patient, which was 2374delTTTG. No mutation was found in the family members and normal individuals. It was concluded that the 2374delTTTG mutation in ATP2C1 gene was the specific mutation for the clinical phenotype for this patient and was a de novo mutation.
Calcium-Transporting ATPases/*genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Pemphigus, Benign Familial/*genetics ; Sequence Deletion

DNA methylation is part of the epigenetic modification process,which can lead to aberrant gene expression. Cytochrome P450 enzyme,cyclooxygenase,lipoxygenase and monoamine oxidase are a class of enzymes produced by human tissues,which are involved in the oxidization pro?cess of endogenous and exogenous chemicals. The methylation patterns of these enzyme genes are dif?ferent between normal tissues and pathological ones. Abnormal methylation patterns will change en?zymes′expression and function,and affect the occurrence and development of diseases. This paper re?viewed the characteristic changes of four oxidative metabolic enzyme genes in certain diseased tis?sues,the impact on methylation status of the metabolic activity of chemicals and on human health. It is hoped that this review can provide a new theoretical basis for the study on the toxic mechanism of chemicals and for diagnosis of diseases.

Objective To detect the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) as well as p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in the lesions of lichen planus.Methods Biopsy specimens were collected from the lesions of 32 patients with lichen planus and normal skin of 12 healthy human controls and subjected to paraffin embedding.Immunohistochemical avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method was used to detect the expressions of NGF,TrkA and p75NTR.Results NGF and TrkA,which were located in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes,were strongly or moderately expressed in the lesional skin specimens,but absent or weakly expressed in the normal skin specimens (both P ＜ 0.01).No significant differences were observed in the expression of p75NTR between the lesional and normal skin specimens,or in the expressions of NGF,TrkA or p75NTR among specimens from patients in different age groups,patients of different gender or lesions at different sites (all P ＞ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between the expression of NGF and TrkA in the lesions of lichen planus (R2 =0.535,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion NGF may play a certain role in the development of lichen planus via its highaffinity receptor TrkA.

Objective To investigate the effects of Mailuoning on oxidative stress and ischemic brain injury. Methods A total of 126 healthy male Kunming mice were divided into sham operation (n = 18), normal saline control (n = 54) and Mailuoning (n = 54) groups. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced Two hours after MCAO,Mailuoning injection and equivalent saline were injected via the tail vein in the Mailuoning and normal saline control groups, respectively, and then they were injected every other 24 h.Neurological score was performed, and brain water content, infarct volume, membrane potential,as well as protein oxidative stress metabolites such as 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), lipid oxidative stress metabolite 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and nucleic acid oxidative stress metabolite 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected at 12, 24 and 72 h after MCAO. Results Mailuoning injection could significantly improve the neurological function of cerebral ischemia in mice, decrease brain edema, and reduce infarct volume at different time points after cerebral ischemia Of those, it was most significant at 72 h. Mailuoning injection could reverse the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in cerebral cortex and internal capsule, and significantly downregulate the increased 3-NT, HNE and 8-OHdG in cerebral cortex, internal capsule and serum after ischemia, of those, the effect of reducing HNE was most significant.Conclusions Mailuoning injection may effectively protect against ischemic brain injury in mice,and its mechanism is associated with inhibiting oxidative stress, particularly anti-lipid oxidation.

Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test, which evaluates the behavioral response of animals through expanding the intestinal tract, is the most widely used method to assess animal's visceral sensitivity in recent years.However, as AWR experimental operation involves many factors, it''s hard to find a commonly recognized operating procedure.Through review of literature of AWR experimental measuring methods, this article summarizes the basic steps of AWR operation.Meanwhile, it scrutinizes the differences of various measuring methods in relevant factors, including expansion method and airbag method, with special operating suggestions to them.Hopefully, this article will provide an option to future researchers who will use this method to evaluate animal''s visceral sensitivity, and provide a necessary foundation for the standardization of the experimental operation.

Objective To optimize the preparation of air bag materials for abdominal withdrawal reflex test.Methods To measure the diameters of different pressue-air bags by digital vernier caliper and X ray imaging.Using the pain threshold (3 points) as a criterion to test the pressure values of different air bags in the rats with corresponding visceral pain sensitivity.Results With the increasing pressure, the changes of the diameter of round latex balloon were uniform and gentle, and could meet the pressure range used in the experiment (20~80 mmHg).The threshold of visceral pain in rats was near the nociceptive stimulus value,and would not cause irreversible damage to the rat intestinal tract.Conclusions Air bag made from round latrex ballon is an ideal tool to be used in abdominal withdrawal reflex test in rats.

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of hepatic resection with selective hepatic vascular exclusion(SHVE). Methods SHVE was used in 246 consecutive patients undergoing major or complex liver resection in our center. Preoperative demographic and clinical data,details of the surgical procedure, pathologic diagnosis, postoperative course and complications were collected and analy zed. Results From January 2000 to July 2007, liver resections were performed IJnder SHVE in 246 patients; total SHVE, right partial SHVE and left partial SHVE in 145, 54 and 47 patients, respectively. SHVE was converted to total hepatic vascular exclusion(THVE)in 3 patients to repair the wall of inferior vena cava(IVC). Hemodynamic tolerance to SHVE was excellent, only with a slight increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance during clamping.There were no deaths. and the morbidity was 24.8%.The mean leyth of hospital stay was 9.6 days(range 8-18) .Conclusion Our study showed that SHVE is a safe and effective procedurei and it is applicable to liver tumors near but not invade the inferior vena cava.