Objective To investigate the effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)gene in the apoptosis of human trophoblastic cells.Methods The siRNA specific-targeting SHBG gene was transfected into human trophoblastic cells and they were divided into six groups:trophoblasts without transfection in normal control groups(group Ⅰ);transfect liposome in blank control groups(group Ⅱ);transfect nonspecific siRNA in negative control groups(group Ⅲ);transfect SHBG siRNA-Ⅰ,SHBG siRNA-Ⅱ,SHBG siRNA-Ⅲ respectively in trans-fection group(group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ).Hoechst 33258 dying method was used to detect cell apoptosis.SHBG and Caspase-3 mRNA profiling and the level of SHBG and caspase-3 protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results There was no statistical significant difference in the gene expression and protein level of SHBG and caspase-3 in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P >0.05).In Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ group,there was no statistical significant difference in the expression level of SHBG and caspase 3 (P >0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the a-mount of SHBG gene expression decreased obviously,the caspase-3 mRNA and protein level increased obviously and the trophoblast cell ap-optosis increased markedly (P <0.05).Conclusion Through siRNA interference technology can reduce SHBG gene expression in human trophoblastic cells,and it can lead to excessive apoptosis of human trophoblasts cells.

Objective To explore the relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) of gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) pregnant women with well-controlled glucose and pregnancy outcomes. Methods Two hundred and fifty-one GDM pregnant women of 24 - 28 weeks in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were recruited from Mar. 2005 to Mar. 2010. Two hundred and sixteen cases of GDM with well-controlled glucose were defined as glycemic satisfied group, and they were treated by diet therapy ( 169 cases) or insulin therapy (47 cases) . Thirty-five cases with unsatisfied glucose were defined as glycemic unsatisfied group. One hundred and ninety-two healthy pregnant women of 24 - 28 weeks were defined as healthy control group. Serum SHBG and homeostasis model analysis of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) at 24 - 28 weeks and above 36 weeks were measured. GDM was diagnosed bytwo-step method according to the National Diabetes Data Group ( NDDG) criteria. The pregnancy outcomes and complications of the three groups were recorded. Results ( 1 ) Comparison of pregnancy outcomes and complications: glycemic satisfied group was less likely to develop hypertensive disorders in pregnancy ( 10. 6% ) , premature birth(8. 3% ) ,large for gestational age ( LGA) (8. 8% ) , neonatal asphyxia(3. 7% ) and neonatal hypoglycemia ( 2. 3% ) compared to glycemic unsatisfied group ( 42. 9% , 34. 3% , 31. 4% , 22. 9% and 11. 4% ,respectively). And the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01). There was no significant difference for incidence of polyhydramnios, pueperal infection, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia between the two groups ( P＞ 0. 05 ) . When compared to healthy control group(7. 3% ,2. 1% ,4. 2% ,2. 1% and 1. 6% ) ,no significant difference was found for incidence of premature birth( 8. 3% ) , pueperal infection ( 3. 2% ) , postpartum hemorrhage (5. 1% ) , neonatal asphyxia (3. 7% )and neonatal hypoglycemia(2. 3% ,P ＞0. 05). (2) Comparison of results of 24 - 28 weeks and above 36 weeks: serum SHBG of glycemic satisfied group [( 384 ± 88 ) , (457 ± 48 ) nmol/L]was significantly higher than that of glycemic unsatisfied group[(313 ±45) ,(401 ±73) nmol/L];HOMA-IR of glycemic satisfied group (5. 3 ±1.1,5.5 ±1.1) was significantly lower than that of glycemic unsatisfied group (7. 0 ± 1. 3 ,7. 6 ± 1. 7 ; P ＜ 0. 01). Serum SHBG of glycemic satisfied group was significantly lower than that of healthy control group [( 492 ± 95 ) , (565 ± 40 ) nmol/L]; and HOMA-IR of glycemic satisfied group(5. 3 ± 1. 1,5. 5 ± 1. 1) was significantly higher than that of healthy control group (3. 6 ±0. 6,3. 9 ± 0. 5 ;P ＜ 0. 01 ) . FPG of glycemic satisfied group [( 5. 84 ± 0. 28 ) , ( 5. 16 ± 0. 13 ) mmol/L]was significantly lower than that of glycemic unsatisfied group [(6. 13 ± 0. 16 ) , ( 5. 68 ± 1. 14) mmol/L; P ＜ 0. 01]. FINS of glycemic satisfied group [( 20. 4 ± 2. 1 ) , ( 24. 1 ± 4. 2 ) mmol/L]was significantly lower than that of glycemic unsatisfied group [(24. 7 ± 4. 5 ) , ( 29. 9 ± 2. 7 ) mmol/L; P ＜ 0. 01]. ( 3 ) Correlation analysis. Between 24 - 28 weeks, SHBG was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR in the three groups ( r = -0. 952, P ＜0. 01) ; and SHBG was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR in glycemic satisfied group ( r = -0. 903, P ＜0. 01). Conclusions Well-controlled glucose can not completely improve maternal and fetal outcomes of GDM pregnant women. High insulin resistance and low serum SHBG can influence pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To measure the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase(IDO)in condy-loma acuminatum (CA) lesions, and to evaluate its ability to locally metabolize tryptophan. Methods Immunohistochemical study was performed to observe the protein expression of IDO in skin lesions of patients with CA, and count the number of IDO-positive cells. Immunofluorescence assay was conducted to estimate the relationship between IDO-positive cells and dendritic cells. Epidermal cells and keratinocytes were isolated from warts of 30 patients with CA and prepuces of 11 healthy controls respectively, and both in vitro incubated with tryptophan solution for 4 hours. Then, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)was performed to detect the level of tryptophan metabolite, kynurenine, in the culture supernatant of the above cells, which could reflect the ability of epidermal cells to metabolize tryptophan. Results Rare IDO-positive cells were found in the normal skin, but a lot of IDO-positive cells gathered in the epidermis of the wart tissues. The IDO-positive cell/total cell ratio was significantly higher in the wart tissues than in the normal skin(48.3%± 15.4%vs. 5.2%± 2.4%, P<0.05). The fluorescence signals of IDO-positive cells and CD1a-positive Langerhans cells were not overlapped with each other, suggesting that IDO-positive cells were derived from epidermal cells of the wart tissues. Compared with the keratinocytes from the healthy skin, the epidermal cells from warts had a stronger ability to metabolize tryptophan in vitro. Conclusion A large number of IDO-positive cells exist in CA warts, and may be involved in occurrence of CA.

Objective To establish a clinical-CT model,and to observe its value for evaluating lymphovascular invasion(LVI)and/or perineural invasion(PNI)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods Data of 156 ESCC patients were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into positive group(n=58,LVI[+]and/or PNI[+])and negative group(n=98,LVI[-]and PNI[-])according to postoperative pathological results.Clinical and CT data were compared between groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a model,and its efficacy of evaluating ESCC LVI and/or PNI was analyzed.Results Significant differences of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),tumor thickness,tumor volume and CT venous phase value(CTV),the difference between CTV and CT plain phase value(CTP)(△CTV-P)and venous phase enhancement rate(V％)were found between groups(all P＜0.05),and the area under the curve(AUC)of the above parameters for evaluating ESCC LVI and/or PNI was 0.702,0.690,0.731,0.744,0.621,0.631 and 0.599,respectively.CEA,CA199,tumor thickness,tumor volume and CTV were all independent predictive factors for ESCC LVI and/or PNI.A combined model was established based on the above features,and its accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for evaluating ESCC LVI and/or PNI was 82.05％,65.52％and 91.84％,respectively,with AUC of 0.838,higher than that of each single parameter(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The established clinical-CT model could effectively evaluate ESCC LVI and/or PNI.

Objective To observe the value of contrast-enhanced CT radiomics combined with clinical and hematology indicators for predicting lymph node(LN)metastasis(LNM)of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods Totally 218 ESCC patients were retrospectively enrolled.Stage pN1 and pN2 were clustering as LNM(n=90),while stage pN0 were taken as non-LNM(n=128).The patients were divided into training set(n=174)and test set(n=44)at the ratio of 8∶2.In training set,clinical and LN imaging features which could be used to independently judge LNM were screened and a clinical-imaging model was constructed.The hematological indicators that might be associated with ESCC LNM were screened,and a hematological model was constructed.Radiomics features in LN ROI and ESCC volume of interest(VOI)were extracted based on venous-phase contrast-enhanced CT images,and those might be associated with LNM were screened,and a radiomics model was constructed.Finally a combined model was constructed based on all the above features.The efficacy of each model for diagnosing LNM was evaluated with the area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic curves,and the clinical net benefit was evaluated using decision curve analysis(DCA).Results Body mass index(BMI)and internal necrosis of target LN were both independent judging factors for ESCC LNM(both P＜0.05),and AUC of clinical-imaging model for diagnosing LNM in training and test sets was 0.747 and 0.687,respectively.Seven hematological indicators were included in hematological model,and AUC in training and test sets was 0.623 and 0.583,respectively.Ten LN radiomics features and 15 ESCC radiomics features were included in radiomics model,and AUC in training and test sets was 0.769 and 0.745,respectively.AUC of the combined model for diagnosing LNM in training and test sets was 0.822 and 0.739,respectively,better than other models in training set(all P＜0.05),but no significantly different in test set(all P＞0.05).DCA showed that combined model had higher net gain than the other models in 0.55-0.80 threshold probability interval.Conclusion Combined model based on venous-phase contrast-enhanced CT radiomics and clinical and hematology indicators could relatively effectively evaluate ESCC LNM,which might bring some promotions in clinical benefit.

Purpose To analyze the correlation between quantitative parameters of spectral CT and the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)genes in solid lung adenocarcinoma,in order to predict the expression of gene mutation in solid lung adenocarcinoma by combining spectral parameters with clinical indicators.Materials and Methods The imaging and clinical data of 86 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College pathologically confirmed with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent energy spectral CT plain and enhanced scans from May 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively collected.According to the mutation status of EGFR and ALK genes,all patietns were divided into mutation group(43 cases)and wild group(43 cases).The single-energy CT values(including 40 keV,70 keV and 100 keV),slope of energy spectrum curve,effective atomic number during plain scan,iodine concentration in arterial and venous phases,water concentration and iodine concentration in arteries at the same level were obtained,and standardized iodine base value was also calculated.Statistically significant parameters were used to construct the prediction model,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to evaluate the prediction efficiency of the model.Results There were statistically significant differences in gender and smoking status between the EGFR mutation group and the wild-type group(χ2=5.628,P=0.018;χ2=4.214,P=0.040).There were statistically significant differences in plain scan effective atomic number and energy spectrum slope,arterial phase 40 keV,70 keV and 100 keV single-energy CT values,40 keV single-energy CT values in the venous phase,the slope of the arteriovenous dual-phase energy spectrum and the standardized iodine base value between the two groups(t=2.067-4.394,all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that normalized iodine base value and energy spectrum slope in venous phase were the independent predictors of EGFR gene mutation status.There were no significant differences in quantitative parameters of plain scan and arterial phase energy spectrum CT between the ALK mutant group and the wild-type group(P>0.05).There was statistically significant difference in water base value of venous phase between the two groups(t=2.058,P=0.043).Conclusion The quantitative features of spectral CT may be correlated with the mutation status of EGFR and ALK genes in solid lung adenocarcinoma,and the Logistic regression model based on the combination of quantitative features of spectral CT and clinical features has certain value in predicting EGFR gene mutation.