OBJECTIVETo construct and analyze the differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNA) and mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To explore the miRNA and mRNA of OSCC development and progression.

METHODSThe differential expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA were built by high-throughput deep sequencing technology. Using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the roles of differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA in cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell apoptosis were analyzed.

RESULTSSeventy-seven differentially expressed miRNA and 1 298 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in OSCC. GO analysis showed that 73 miRNA had found target mRNA in cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell apoptosis of OSCC. Moreover, a miRNA could regulate multiple mRNA.

CONCLUSIONThe differential expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA have close relationship with the development and progression of OSCC.

Objective To investigate whether preoperative proton pump inhibitor (PPI) would increase the risk of bacteremia after endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).Methods Dogs were randomly divided into experimental group ( n = 8) to take 20mg of omeprazole orally twice a day for 3 days before EUS-FNA, and control group (n = 10) to take placebo.EUS-FNA was performed to puncture the pancreas, and blood was collected before and after the procedure for culture.Bacteremia incidence of the two groups were compared.Results Bacteria culture was positive in 11 edogse.After excluding contamination, 1 dog in experimental group and 3 in control group were authentical bacteremia.There was no significant difference on the incidence of bacteremia between 2 groups based on Fisher test ( P = 0.383).Conclusion Aplication of PPI before EUS-FNA is not likely to increase the incidence of bacteremia.

Objective To find the plantar pressure readings which best indicate foot inversion during the stance phase of walking among hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods Twenty-two hemiplegic stroke survivors who were able to walk without extra aid were recruited as the experimental group, while 17 healthy elderly men of similar age and body weight were selected as the control group.Those in both groups were asked to walk at their preferred speed over a Footscan device which measured medio-lateral pressure ratios, maximum plantar pressures and the contact areas of both feet.The Clinical Spasticity Index (CSI) was used to evaluate the affected feet.Results The average medial forefoot pressure of the affected side in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, but their average mesopodium and heel pressure was significantly higher.The average pressure applied by the great toe on the uninjured side in the experimental group was significantly smaller than that of the control group, but the average mesopodium and heel pressure of both feet among the hemiplegics were significantly higher than those of the control group.Among the experimental group, the average medial forefoot pressure of the affected foot was significantly greater than that of the healthy foot.The average contact area of the great toe on the affected side was significantly bigger than was observed in the control group.That of the medial forefoot was, however, significantly smaller than in the control group.There was no significant difference in the contact area between the healthy and affected feet in the experimental group, though the maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios of their full feet and forefeet on the affected side were significantly lower than those in the healthy group.No significant differences in the maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios of the heel were observed between the two groups, nor of the full feet, forefeet and heels of the affected and unaffected sides in the experimental group.The patients demonstrated consistently reduced joint mobility on both sides during the stance phase, coinciding with increased inversion.A significant negative correlation was found between the maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios of the full foot and the maximum pressure of the lateral part of forefoot in the experimental group, but there was no significant correlation with contact area or CSI.Conclusions Plantar pressure data can be used to describe the amount of foot inversion in the stance phase of walking with hemiplegic patients after stroke.The maxmium medio-lateral pressure ratios can effectively reflect their foot inversion.

Objective:To investigate the role of nuclear transcription factor Gli1/Gli2 of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in the hepatic epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of biliary atresia mice caused by Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection.Methods:The biliary atresia model in mice was generated by RRV infection.Mice were divided into normal group, model group, Gli1 overexpression group, Gli1 shRNA group, Gli2 overexpression group and Gli2 shRNA group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of regulatory factors for EMT (Snail/Slug) and characteristic cytokines of EMT [Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), E-cadherin] in mouse liver tissues.Additionally, hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were performed to calculate the percentage of liver fibrous tissue expression area.The data were analyzed by One- Way ANOVA and LSD- t test. Results:The relative mRNA expression of Snail, Slug, Vimentin, α-SMA and E-cadherin in Gli2 overexpression group, Gli2 shRNA group and model group were 15.13±3.40, 5.48±0.46, 8.78±1.06, 12.40±2.18 and 3.06±0.53; 3.73±1.16, 5.62±1.75, 3.56±1.06, 3.88±1.16 and 10.51±1.83; 8.13±1.27, 5.32±0.98, 5.05±0.98, 4.02±0.77 and 5.12±1.60.Compared with those of the model group, mRNA levels of Snail, Vimentin and α-SMA were significantly higher in Gli2 overexpression group, while that of E-cadherin was significantly lower( t=4.53, 5.29, 8.12, -2.13; all P<0.05); compared with those of the model group, mRNA levels of Snail and Vimentin in Gli2 shRNA group significantly decreased, while that of E-cadherin significantly increased( t=-2.86, -2.12, 5.62; all P<0.05). In Gli2 overexpression group, Gli2 shRNA group and model group, the protein levels of Snail, Slug, Vimentin, α-SMA and E-cadherin were 2.02±0.39, 0.31±0.08, 0.95±0.17, 1.07±0.17 and 0.42±0.06; 0.53±0.13, 0.40±0.18, 0.20±0.04, 0.28±0.07 and 1.09±0.31; 0.70±0.15, 0.42±0.22, 0.64±0.13, 0.81±0.11 and 0.42±0.09.Compared with those of the model group, protein levels of Snail, Vimentin and α-SMA were significantly higher in Gli2 overexpression group( t=12.71, 4.28, 3.70; all P<0.05); compared with those of the model group, protein levels of Vimentin and α-SMA in Gli2 shRNA group significantly decreased, while that of E-cadherin significantly increased( t=-6.14, -7.57, 5.96; all P<0.05). However, no significant change trend were detected in expression levels of characteristic cytokines of EMT between Gli1 overexpression group and Gli1 shRNA group.The area percentage of liver fiber expression in normal group, model group, Gli1 overexpression group, Gli1 shRNA group, Gli2 overexpression group and Gli2 shRNA group were (1.03±0.58)%, (33.02±11.39)%, (39.81±5.67)%, (26.06±1.29)%, (49.81±8.57)% and (17.55±0.66)%, respectively.Besides, in terms of percentage of area expressed in liver fiber tissue, the Gli2 overexpression group and Gli2 shRNA group were statistically significant compared with the model group( t=3.21, -2.96; all P<0.05), while the Gli1 overexpression group and Gli1 shRNA group were not statistically significant compared with the model group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The Shh signaling pathway plays an important role in liver fibrosis in mice with biliary atresia.Gli2, a key transcription factor of Shh signaling pathway, can significantly regulate liver EMT process in mice with biliary atresi.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involving the ureter manifested as a ureteral tumor is rare. This paper reports a case of a female patient who was found with a mass at the left ureteropelvic junction for one week during physical examination. Urinary ultrasound and MRI showed a 3 cm mass at the left ureteropelvic junction with hydronephrosis, and the serum level of IgG4 was elevated. B-ultrasonic guided biopsy of the mass was performed. Histopathological findings showed lymphoplasmic infiltration and the ratio of IgG4/IgG positive cells>0.5. We finally diagnosed IgG4-RD and started using glucocorticoid for her treatment. One month later, CT-scan revealed that the tumor became smaller and the serum IgG4 decreased to the normal range.

Ectopic prostate is rare.This paper reports a case of a male patient who was found a mass in the pelvis for 20 days during physical examination.Urinary ultrasound, CT scan and MRI showed a pelvic mass that was about 4 cm×5 cm in size.Serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) was 6.09 ng/ml, and free PSA (fPSA) was 1.97 ng/ml. B-ultrasonic guided biopsy of the prostate and the mass was performed. Pathological findings suggest benign prostatic hyperplasia, weakly positive P504S and positive 34βE12. Pelvic mass is the prostate tissue with negative P504S and positive 34βE12. Finally, the ectopic prostate was diagnosed. Although it is rare, ectopic prostate should also be considered as a differential diagnosis of the pelvic tumor.

Objective:To study the short-term clinical outcomes of different courses of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) for preterm twins.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2021, preterm twins with gestational age (GA) 24-34 weeks admitted to the neonatal ward of our hospital and received ACS were retrospectively studied. The infants were assigned into single-course group, partial-course group and multiple-course group according to ACS courses. The short-term clinical outcomes were compared among the groups. SPSS software version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 286 infants were enrolled in this study, including 128 in single-course group, 89 in partial-course group and 69 in multiple-course group. Compared with single-course group, the risks of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in both partial-course group ( OR=2.332, 95% CI 1.028-5.293, P=0.043) and multiple-course group ( OR=3.872, 95% CI 1.104-13.584, P=0.034) were higher. The birth length in multiple-course group ( β=-0.016, 95% CI -0.029 - -0.002, P=0.024) was lower than single-course group. Conclusions:The risks of neonatal RDS in preterm twins are higher in partial-course and multiple-course of ACS. A full course of ACS should be used to prevent neonatal RDS until further evidence of effectiveness is available.

Objective To construct and analyze the differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNA) and mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To explore the miRNA and mRNA of OSCC development and progression. Methods The differential expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA were built by high-throughput deep sequencing technology. Using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the roles of differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA in cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell apoptosis were analyzed. Results Seventy-seven differentially expressed miRNA and 1 298 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in OSCC. GO analysis showed that 73 miRNA had found target mRNA in cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell apoptosis of OSCC. Moreover, a miRNA could regulate multiple mRNA. Conclusion The differential expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA have close relationship with the development and progression of OSCC.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of amoxicillin from volume-based procurement (VBP) and potassium amoxicillin clavulanate in the eradication of helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, providing basis for the selection of treatment programs. METHODS: Data from the patients who received Hp eradication therapy from May 2021 to May 2022 were recruited from the rational drug use management system. The data from the patients treated by amoxicillin (amoxicillin 1.0 g bid + bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg bid + esomeprazole 20 mg bid + clarithromycin 0.5 g bid, for 14 days) and potassium amoxicillin clavulanate (potassium amoxicillin clavulanate 0.914 g bid + bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg bid + esomeprazole 20 mg bid + clarithromycin 0.5 g bid, for 14 days) were selected and compared. RESULTS: A total of 171 cases were collected in the group treated by Amoxicillin program, and the eradication rate was 87.8% (150/171). A total of 69 cases were collected in the group of potassium amoxicillin clavulanate, and the eradication rate was 76.8% (53/69). There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups (P< 0.05). In addition, the cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E) of the Amoxicillin treatment program was lower than that of the potassium amoxicillin clavulanate program CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy of VBP Amoxicillin program in eradicating Hp infection is better than that of the potassium amoxicillin clavulanate program, which is worthy of clinical recommendation.

Objective:To analyze the status of anemia at the beginning of dialysis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) adult patients, and to explore the relationship between early dialysis anemia and early survival and long-term survival.Methods:It was a retrospective cohort study. The baseline demographic and clinical data of newly admitted MHD patients from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the hemoglobin (Hb) level at the beginning of dialysis, the patients were divided into high Hb group (Hb≥110 g/L), middle Hb group (80 g/L≤Hb<110 g/L) and low Hb group (Hb<80 g/L). The baseline data among the three groups were compared, and the changing trend of Hb level in MHD patients during the 8 years was analyzed. The follow-up ended at peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, death or on December 31, 2021. All-cause death event within 6 months after the initiation of dialysis was defined as early death, while all-cause death event more than 6 months after the initiation of dialysis was defined as long-term death. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the survival rate, and log-rank test was used to compare the survival rates among the three groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis model was used to analyze the association between anemia (Hb<110 g/L) at the beginning of dialysis and both early and long-term mortality.Results:A total of 36 216 MHD patients were included in this study, with age of (61.3±15.5) years old and 22 163 males (61.20%). The Hb at the beginning of dialysis was (89.33±20.89) g/L. The compliance rate of Hb (≥110 g/L) was 16.43% (5 952/36 216). There were 12 232 patients (33.78%), 18 032 patients (49.79%), and 5 952 patients (16.43%) in low Hb group, middle Hb group, and high Hb group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in gender distribution, age, serum creatinine, blood phosphorus, blood calcium, C-reactive protein, intact parathyroid hormone, blood leukocytes, platelets, serum albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and proportions of chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, emporary catheter, long-term catheter and autologous arteriovenous fistula among the three groups (all P<0.05). During the 8-year period, the Hb level had an increased trend steadily each year, and Hb was (88.48±22.07) g/L, (88.52±21.43) g/L, (87.86±21.29) g/L, (88.93±20.69) g/L, (88.87±20.69) g/L, (90.03±20.47) g/L, (90.74±20.31) g/L and (90.31±20.54) g/L year by year. There were 2 176 early deaths (6.01%), and 6 557 long-term deaths (18.10%) by the end of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that early survival rate of low Hb group was significantly lower than those of high Hb group (log-rank test, χ2=57.115, P<0.001) and middle Hb group (log-rank test, χ2=49.918, P<0.001), and long-term survival rates of low Hb group (log-rank test, χ2=107.097, P<0.001) and middle Hb group (log-rank test, χ2=47.430, P<0.001) were significantly lower than that of high Hb group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Hb<80 g/L at the beginning of dialysis was an independent influencing factor of early death (Hb ≥110 g/L as a reference, HR=1.307, 95% CI 1.096-1.559), and 80 g/L≤Hb<110 g/L and Hb<80 g/L at the beginning of dialysis were the independent influencing factors of long-term death (Hb≥110 g/L as a reference, HR=1.108, 95% CI 1.021-1.203; HR=1.228, 95% CI 1.127-1.339, respectively) in MHD patients. Conclusions:The compliance rate of Hb at the beginning of dialysis in MHD patients is low. Hb <80 g/L at the beginning of dialysis is an independent risk factor of early death, and Hb <110 g/L at the beginning of dialysis is an independent risk factor of long-term death in MHD patients.