As an anti-inflammatory factor, Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is composed of p35 subunit and EBI3 subunit. IL-35 plays an important role in many diseases, but many mechanisms are not clear. In recent years, it has been found that IL-35 plays an important immunomodulatory role in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, pemphigus and primary biliary cirrhosis, etc. This review summarizes the research progress of the mechanism of IL-35 in the above autoimmune diseases.

Objective:To observe the effect of Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)combined with functional training in improving clinical symptoms and balance function in patients with meniscus injury. Methods:A total of 93 patients with grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ meniscus injury were randomly divided into a functional training group,a Tuina group,and a combination group,with 31 cases in each group.The Tuina group received Tuina manipulation.The functional training group underwent functional training under the supervision of physicians.The combination group received Tuina manipulation in addition to the functional training.The treatment course of all three groups was 8 weeks.The clinical symptoms were observed before the intervention and after 4 and 8 weeks of interventions,and the changes in knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score(KOOS)and Y-balance test(YBT)were compared. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the total response rate among the three groups after treatment(P>0.05).The total and subscale KOOS in the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment after 4 and 8 weeks of interventions(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the total KOOS between the combination group and the functional training group after 4 and 8 weeks of interventions(P<0.05);there was a statistically significant difference in the score of daily living ability and sports and recreation function between the two groups after 8 weeks of interventions(P<0.05).The YBT balance coefficients of the affected and non-affected knees of the three groups were significantly improved after 4 and 8 weeks of interventions(P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference among the groups(P>0.05). Conclusion:Tuina,functional training,and their combination can improve clinical symptoms and balance function in patients with grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ meniscus injury.Tuina combined with functional training is significantly effective in improving daily living ability and sports and recreation function.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of 5% D-fructose injectio on energy supply in surgery patients. METHODS: By setting 5% glucose injectio as control,the influence of 5% D- fructose injectio on blood sugar level,liver and kidney function indices was detected.RESULTS: 5% D-fructose injectio did not influence liver and kidney functions, serum uric acid and RESULTS: of routine examination of blood and urine.Compared with control group, the change of blood sugar level in experiment group was slighter.CONCLUSION: 5% D-fructose injectio is effective and safe for energy supply in surgery patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with anxiety and depression and its clinical significance. METHODS: From December 2010 to February 2011, 143 CHD patients and 44 non-CHD patients (the control group) hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology at the Second Xiangya Hospital were enrolled. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the psychological state of all patients and the CHD patients were assigned to an anxiety and depression group (n=57) or a non-depression and anxiety group (n=86). The serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), MPO, and LXA4 were examined, and the ratio of MPO and LXA4 (M/L) was calculated. RESULTS: The levels of Hs-CRP, MPO, and LXA4 as well as M/L ratios in both CHD groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01). Compared with the non-anxiety and depression group, the levels of MPO and LXA4, and M/L ratios in the anxiety and depression group increased (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that MPO was positively correlated with the score of HADS-total (HADS-t), HADS-anxiety (HADS-a), or HADS-depression (HADS-d), while LXA4 was negatively correlated with HADS-t or HADS-d. Multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that higher HADS-t score, stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction were the independent impact factors for the elevation of M/L ratio. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression may aggravate the inflammatory response in CHD patients. The imbalance between inflammation and anti-inflammation may be part of the mechanism.
Aged ; Anxiety ; complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; complications ; Depression ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipoxins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peroxidase ; blood

Objective To set up a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) to investigate biomechanics of point contact locking plate (PC-LP) fixating femoral shaft fractures. Methods One intact fresh adult cadaveric femur was scanned by CT at 1 mm interval. Then, the data of CT were utilized to establish three-dimensional FEM by using software Mimics and PRO/E and simulate the different clini-cal loading conditions. The changes of theoretical stress of femur and PC-LP were analyzed under flexion, axial compression and torsion loads. Results (1) Under four-point bending load, the distribution of femur stress was in uniformity, with the largest stress of the PC-LP focused on the edge. (2) Under axial compression load of 250 N, the largest stress of the femur was focused on the screw holes on beth distal ends, with the largest stress of the PC-LP focused on the middle screw holes. (3) Under the torsion load cused on the middlepart and the middle screw holes. Conclusions Under the four-point bending, ax-ial compression and torsion loads, the distribution of femur stress is in uniformity, when the largest stress of the PC-LP focuses on edge or the middle screw holes, while that of the PC-LP on two screw holes of proximal or distal ends.

Objective To understand the serotype,molecular typing and drug sensitivity characteristics of Salmonella isolated from food and stool samples of diarrhea patients in Nan'an District of Chongqing.Methods A total of 71 Salmonella strains isolated from food and stool samples of diarrhea patients in Nan'an District of Chongqing from 2019 to 2022 were serotyped,and the drug resistance of the strains was determined by the micro-broth dilution method.Multilocus sequence typing(MLST)was performed on 2 Salmonella Ken-tucky strains,and whole genome sequencing was performed on 8 Salmonella typhimurium strains and 2 Sal-monella typhimurium variants.Results The 71 strains of Salmonella included 13 serotypes.A total of 48 Sal-monella strains were isolated from stool samples of diarrhea patients,with Salmonella typhimurium(56.25％,27/48)and Salmonella enteritidis(18.75％,9/48)as the main serotypes.A total of 23 Salmonella strains were isolated in food samples,with Salmonella Rissen(26.09％,6/23)as the predominant.The total drug re-sistance rate of 71 strains of Salmonella was 97.18％.The highest drug resistance rate was ampicillin(69.01％),followed by tetracycline(64.79％),compound sulfamethoxazole(43.66％)and chloramphenicol(43.66％).The multidrug resistant strains accounted for 61.97％(44/71),including 60.42％(29/48)of stool samples of diarrhea patients and 65.22％(15/23)of food samples.The two Salmonella Kentucky strains iso-lated from food and diarrhea patients were resistant to 7 and 8 types,respectively,with the largest number of drug resistant types in the corresponding samples.The MLST types of both Salmonella Kentucky strains was ST198 type.The MLST types of 8 Salmonella typhimurium strains selected for sequencing were ST19,and the MLST types of 2 Salmonella typhimurium monophasic variants were ST34.The genetic relationship of Salmo-nella typhimurium with the same ST type was different.Conclusion The serotypes of Salmonella isolated from Nan'an District of Chongqing are diverse and the drug resistance is serious.The detection of ST198 Sal-monella Kentucky is more accurate by using whole genome sequencing than MLST.The surveillance of Sal-monella serotypes,molecular typing and drug resistance should be strengthened.

Based on the principle of "kidney suffers from dryness and can be moistened by pungent drugs", this article discussed the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP), and believed that this disease begins with deficiency of kidney qi, and dampness, blood stasis, cold, heat, and turbid toxin are the symptoms, which ultimately leads to the kidney's inability to transport fluids, and develops into "dryness of kidney". It suggested that the treatment of CKD-aP should be "using pungent drugs to moisten" as the core, according to the stage of development of the disease and the contradiction of the primary and secondary, respectively, the use of pungency-warm (heat) declination, pungent-cold (cool) declination of the treatment, to help to restore the normal transmission of fluid operation, qi and blood, and promote fluids to reduce dryness, so as to promote the recovery of the disease.

Background Acute cadmium (Cd) exposure can cause damage to multiple tissues, with the kidney being the primary target organ. The development of Cd-induced acute kidney injury involves complex mechanisms, in which autophagy and oxidative stress play crucial roles. Objective To investigate the effect of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) on kidney injury in mice exposed to cadmium, and provide experimental basis for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of Cd poisoning. Methods Thirty-five male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 7 groups (each of 5 mice): control group (normal saline, intraperitoneal injection), CdCl₂ group (4 mg·kg⁻¹, intraperitoneal injection), intervention groups ( 4 mg·kg⁻¹ CdCl₂, intraperitoneal Injection + 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg·kg⁻¹ 10-HDA, oral gavage), and 10-HDA group (150 mg·kg⁻¹, oral gavage). All treatments were given for 14 d. Twenty-four hours after the last infection, physiological indicators [blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], histopathological indicators, autophagy-related proteins (Atg7, Atg5, Beclin-1, and LC3), and mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins (PINK1 and Parkin) were detected to examine the effect of 10-HDA on kidney injury caused by CdCl₂. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight of mice in the CdCl₂ group was significantly reduced (P<0.01); compared with the CdCl₂ group, the body weight of mice after intervention with different concentrations of 10-HDA was significantly increased (P<0.01). CdCl₂ significantly increased BUN and CRE in the serum samples compared with the control group (P<0.01), which was significantly reduced to varying degrees after 100, 150, and 200 mg·kg⁻¹ 10-HDA intervention (P<0.01). MDA significantly increased and SOD significantly decreased in the renal cortex following CdCl₂ administration compared with the control group (P<0.01), which was resolved following 10-HDA administration at different concentrations (P<0.01). In histopathological studies, 10-HDA restored injured kidney tissues induced by CdCl₂. The expression levels of autophagy proteins Atg7 and LC3-II/I were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression level of Beclin-1 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the CdCl₂ group compared with the control group. The expression levels of Atg7 were reduced to varying degrees after treatment with designed concentrations of 10-HDA, the expression levels of LC3-II/I were also reduced in the 50, 150, and 200 mg·kg⁻¹ 10-HDA intervention groups, and the expression levels of Beclin-1 were increased in the 50, 100, and 150 mg·kg⁻¹ 10-HDA intervention groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin in the CdCl₂ group and the 50 mg·kg⁻¹ 10-HDA intervention group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the CdCl₂ group, the expression levels of PINK1 increased to varying degrees after 100, 150, and 200 mg·kg⁻¹ 10-HDA intervention, and the expression levels of Parkin increased in all 10-HDA intervention groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The intervention using 10-HDA can lessen acute kidney injury caused by CdCl₂, reduce the expression of autophagy-related proteins, and increase the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing human-computer Interaction, which is developing towards the direction of intelligent brain-computer interaction and brain-computer intelligent integration. However, the practical application of BCI is facing great challenges. The maturity of BCI technology has not yet reached the needs of users. The traditional design method of BCI needs to be improved. It is necessary to pay attention to BCI human factors engineering, which plays an important role in narrowing the gap between research and practical application, but it has not attracted enough attention and has not been specifically discussed in depth. Aiming at BCI human factors engineering, this article expounds the design requirements (from users), design ideas, objectives and methods, as well as evaluation indexes of BCI with the human-centred-design. BCI human factors engineering is expected to make BCI system design under different use conditions more in line with human characteristics, abilities and needs, improve the user satisfaction of BCI system, enhance the user experience of BCI system, improve the intelligence of BCI, and make BCI move towards practical application.
Brain ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Ergonomics ; Humans ; User-Computer Interface

OBJECTIVES: To understand the psychological status of the staff in a general hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 and its influential factors, and to provide references for the mental health services to hospital staff. METHODS: Using star platform of questionnaire, the staff in the general hospital were investigated via Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). The influential factors were discussed by descriptive analysis, rank sum test, single factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple factors binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2 060 valid questionnaires were collected. The negative emotions of nurses and cleaners were the most obvious. The depression scores, anxiety scores and stress scores for nurses and cleaners were 5.06±7.47, 6.36±7.84, 9.75±8.65, and 6.72±8.84, 4.51±6.56, 9.69±9.56, respectively. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that staff types, education levels, job status, economic situation and concerns on the supplies of protective goods were the main influential factors for depression; staff types, contacting status with infected patients, economic situation, concerns on the supplies of protective goods, history of disease were the main influential factors for anxiety; contacting status with infected patients, economic situation, concerns on the supplies of protective goods were the main influential factors for stress. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in psychological characteristics among different groups of staff in the general hospital under the outbreak. Thus psychological protection and intervention measures should be formulated according to different groups and work status.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Anxiety ; diagnosis ; Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; diagnosis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Personnel, Hospital ; psychology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires