Objective To observe the implementation of national food safety standard for “Iodine Concentration in Edible Salt”(GB 26878-2011) and its effectiveness on iodine nutritional status of key populations. Methods Information of iodine concentration in edible iodized salt of various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities, including Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps) was collected using Baidu Searching Engine through the establishment of key words. Sal t samples were collected in Tianjin City and Aksu Region of Xinjiang , and the salt iodine concentration in both places was 30 mg/kg. In Tianjin, Hongqiao, Tanggu and Hangu, Beichen were selected as representatives of the downtown areas, the coastal areas and the suburbs, respectively and counties of Baodi and Ji were iodine deficiency areas in history. Sampling work was carried out from August 2012 to March 2013 in Tianjin. In Aksu, Yatuoer Township and Charqi Town in Baicheng County, Aotebeixi and Aketuohai Townships in Wushen County were chosen as iodine deficiency areas, and the survey was carried out from January to September 2013 . Random urine samples of school-age children ( 8 - 10 years old ) , pregnant women and lactating women were collected; urinary iodine was measured following the Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006) and iodine in edible iodized salt was measured following the General Test Method in Salt Industry Determination of Iodideion ( GB/T 13025 . 7-1999 ) . Results Fourteen of the provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities, including the Corps of Xinjiang) chose 25 mg/kg as their iodine concentration in edible iodized salt and 13 provinces chose 30 mg/kg. Besides, there were another 5 provinces providing 30 mg/kg particularly for pregnant women and lactating women while 25 mg/kg for other populations. In Tianjin, the medians of iodine concentration in edible iodized salt were ranged from 24.4 - 32.1 mg/kg in retail stores and 26.4 mg/kg at households. The household coverage rate of iodized salt and the proportion of households using adequately iodized salt were 78.5%(168/214) and 62.6%(134/214), respectively. The median ranges of urinary iodine were 178.2 - 183.9 μg/L in school children, 124.3 - 130.9 μg/L in pregnant women and 72.7 - 109.5 μg/L in lactating women. In Aksu, the medians of iodine concentration in edible iodized salt were 27.1 and 26.5 mg/kg in retail stores and households, respectively. The household coverage rate of iodized salt and the proportion of households using adequately iodized salt were 100.0% (363/363) and 98.9%(359/363), respectively. The median ranges of urinary iodine were 174.8 - 293.0, 154.9 - 230.0 and 135.8 - 239.3 μg/L among school children, pregnant women and lactating women, respectively. The median of iodine concentration in a special edible iodized salt sample reached 49.1 mg/kg, and qualified rate was 0(0/11) in Aksu. Conclusions All provinces , municipalities and autonomous regions ( including the Corps of Xingjiang ) in China have adjusted the iodine content in edible iodized salt in accordance with GB 26878-2011. However, in Tianjin the household iodine concentration in edible salt is lower than the local standards; the household coverage rate of iodized salt and the proportion of households using adequately iodized salt are lower than the national standards; pregnant women and lactating women are at risk of mild iodine deficiency.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) in the detection of fetal aneuploidies.Methods Cell free DNA was sequenced in 5 566 pregnant women to identify the fetal aneuploidies in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1st,2015 to March 15th,2016.Among them,5 230 (93.96％,5 230/5 566) were singleton pregnancies and 336 (6.04％,336/5 566) were twin pregnancies.In singleton pregnancies,1 809 (34.59％,1 809/5 230) were women with advanced maternal age,and 3 421 (65.41％,3 421/5 230) were young women.The positive results of NIPS were validated by karyotyping through invasive procedures and neonatal outcomes were followed up by telephone.Results Among the 5 566 women,69 (1.24％,69/5 566) got positive NIPS results,with 66 in singleton pregnancies and 3 in twin pregnancies.Two were monochorionic diamniotic twins and 1 was dichorionic twin pregnancy.The positive predictive value of NIPS for trisomy 21,18 and 13 were 100.0％,90.9％ and 100.0％,and was 55.6％ for sex chromosome aneuploidies.There was no false negative case found during the follow-up.In the advanced maternal age group and young women group,the prevalence rates of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies were 1.11％ (20/1 809) and 0.94％ (32/3 421),respectively.In the young women with soft markers in fetal ultrasound,the prevalence of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies was 1.44％ (7/487),and in serum high risk women,it was 0.94％ (7/747).In women with the serum screening risk with cut-off value,0.89％(9/1 016) had fetal aneuploidies,and the prevalence was 0.77％(9/1 171) in volunteers.There was no statistically significant difference among these groups (P=0.636).Conclusions There is no difference in the detection rate of fetal aneuploidies between high-risk women in serum screening and volunteers in NIPS.NIPS is more suitable as a first line screening test for women without fetal ultrasound abnormalities.It should be used carefully when there is ultrasound abnormalities.

Objective To investigate high risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)prevalence among married women in Beijing and to study the high risk flactors.nethods During March 2007 to September 2008.a total of 6185 married women sampled from 137 communities in 12 districts were screened bv HR-HPV DNA test and cytogical test.The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires.The databage was set up and twice entered in EpiDam 3.0.After checked up,the data were analyzed in SPSS 15.0.Results (1) The HR-HPV infection rate was 9.89%.The HR-HPV infection rate of the city zone,the suburb and the exurb were 9.34%,10.51% and 9.51% (P>0.05).The HR-HPV infection rate of the native and the oudander were 9.53%,11.30% (P<0.05).(2) The age distribution of HR-HPV infection was that the rate was around 10% among 25 to 44 age groups,which was the highest(11.21%) in 30 to 34 age group;then the rate was descended as the age raising,the rate of 50 to 54 age group was the lowest(7.78%).(3) Multiple logistic regression showed that the related risk factors of HR-HPV infection mainly included 1000 RMB and above of family income per person per month.possessing more than 1 sexual partner of her husband,outlander and hish levels of education.(4) The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in HR-HPV positive group wag significantly higher than that in HR-HPV negative group(29.76% vs 3.32%,P<0.01).Conclusions(1)The HR-HPV infection rate among aged 25 to 54 years was 9.9% and there was no significant difference in area distribution.(2)The hish risk population which should strengthen screening was the married bearing-age women with high level of family income,outlander,high levels of education and her husband possessing more than 1 sexual partner.(3)HR-HPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN and cervical cancer.while does not provide a causal relationship with them.The high risk population should be checked regularly to understand the development of HR-HPV infection and CIN incidence.

Objective To study the therapeutic value of endoscopy for primary duodenal lesions. Methods Data of 79 consecutive patients with primary duodenal lesions, who underwent endoscopic treatment from January 2015 to January 2018 at Beijing Friendship Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the complication group and the non-complication group, and further grouped according to lesion locations and endoscopic categories. Baseline data of patients, endoscopic treatment, wound closure method, pathological results, the occurrence and outcome of complications were studied. Results A total of 79 patients successfully went through endoscopic treatment, including 59 cases of endoscopic mucosal resection ( EMR) , 5 cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD) , 6 cases of full-thickness resection with OTSC metal clips, and 9 cases of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection ( EPMR) . In all 79 cases, complications occurred in 8 patients ( 10. 1％) during the perioperative period, all at the duodenal descending segment and duodenal papilla. In all 47 cases whose lesions located at duodenal papilla and duodenal descending segment, the complication incidence was 17. 0％ ( 8/47) , significantly higher than that of non-descending and papilla part [ 0 ( 0/32 ) , P=0. 012 ] . Two ( 2. 5％) cases had complications requiring further intervention with endoscopy or surgery. Among 8 patients with complications, 1 patient ( 2. 1％) developed intraoperative perforation, 1 patient ( 2. 1％) developed delayed bleeding, 6 patients ( 12. 8％) developed mild acute pancreatitis, and these 8 patients recovered after treatment. These 47 patients were further divided into the duodenoscopy group and the gastroscopy group according to endoscopic categories, the complications incidence in the duodenoscopy group ( 28. 0％, 7/25) was also significantly higher than that in the gastroscopy group [ 4. 5％( 1/22) , P=0. 037] . Conclusion Endoscopic treatment is safe and effective for primary duodenal lesions. But for the operations in the duodenal descending segment and the duodenal papilla, as well as in the case of duodenoscopy, it is necessary to be more vigilant about the occurrence of complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of modified Weijingtang on the pyroptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages via the cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）/gasdermin D （GSDMD） pathway. MethodLipopolysaccharide （LPS） was used to induce pyroptosis of RAW264.7 cells. The blank group was treated with the blank serum， and the intervention groups were treated with the sera containing different doses of modified Weijingtang. After 24 h， the viability of cells in different groups was examined by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）. The pyroptosis and morphology of cells in each group were observed by a scanning electron microscope and a phase-contrast microscope， respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in each group were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. The levels of interleukin （IL）-18 and IL-1β in each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultUnder the electron microscope， RAW264.7 cells presented the best morphology and structure in the blank group and obvious pyroptosis and leakage of cell contents in the model （LPS） group. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups showed reduced pyroptosis to varying degrees， and the high-dose group had the closest cell morphology and structure to the blank group. Under the optical microscope， RAW264.7 cells were spherical in the blank group and irregular with protrusions in the model group. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups showed improved cell morphology， and the cell morphology in the group with the dose of 20% was the closest to that in the blank group. The mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in the model group were higher than those in the blank group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， each intervention group showed down-regulated expression of the above indicators （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the model group presented elevated levels of IL-18 and IL-1β （P<0.05）， which were lowered in the intervention （10%， 20%） groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Weijingtang inhibits the pyroptosis of macrophages by down-regulating the Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines.

【Objective】 To establish an experimental method for detecting phagocytosis of sensitized red blood cells in vitro by flow cytometry. 【Methods】 Mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of blood donors and cultured in a cell incubator for 1 hour, and then adherent monocytes were isolated and obtained. Di^b-positive red blood cells (RBCs) were labeled with PKH26 and then sensitized with IgG anti-Di^b. The sensitized RBCs were added to monocytes for in vitro phagocytosis assay. Monocytes were labeled with FITC anti-human CD14, then phagocytosis was measured by flow cytometry, and the phagocytic efficiency was calculated. The method was used to detect the phagocytic efficiency of monocytes on human IgG anti-D sensitized RBCs with different titers. 【Results】 The phagocytic efficiency of monocytes was averaged at 5% (1.2%~7.6%, SD 3.30) versus 81% (71.4%~92.7%, SD 8.65) in the negative versus positive control group, respectively. Phagocytic activity of monocytes mediated by anti-D was correlated with the antibody titer. The phagocytosis efficiency was within 10% when the antibody titer was lower than 32 and increased sharply when the titer was between 32 to 128, it entered a plateau and stabilized at 80% at the titer above 256. 【Conclusion】 A detection platform for detecting phagocytosis-sensitized RBCs in vitro by flow cytometry has been successfully established. It can be used to assess the clinical significance of red blood cell allotype or autologous IgG antibodies.

Humans ; Hypertension ; Atherosclerosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Risk Factors

【Objective】 To elucidate the prediction ability of monocyte monolayer assay(MMA) used in hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn(HDFN) caused by IgG anti-M. 【Methods】 Plasma from eight pregnant women containing IgG anti-M were collected, and were divided into two groups(4 cases with HDFN, with severe clinical symptoms such as fetal hydrops, and 4 cases without HDFN) according to the clinical outcomes. M antigen positive cells were sensitized with dithiothreitol(DTT) treated plasma from eight pregnant women respectively. MMA was performed by coincubation with monocytes and sensitized M cells, along with negative and positive control set up. T-test was conducted to compare the difference in phagocytic efficiency between two groups. 【Results】 The phagocytic efficiency in group with HDFN were 15.37%, 13.05%, 9.17% and 24.50% respectively, with the mean value of 15.52%, while the group without HDFN were 8.74%, 11.07%, 5.12% and 6.23% respectively, with the mean value of 7.79%.There was no significant difference in phagocytic efficiency between two groups(P>0.05). The mean values of both groups were not significantly different from the negative control(P>0.05), but both were significantly lower than positive control(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The low phagocytic efficiency couldn’t convince that the MMA is an effective predictor for the HDFN caused by IgG anti-M, indicating that another mechanism might be responsible for it rather than monocyte phagocytosis. The assessment of the peak systolic velocity in middle cerebral artery of the fetal should be considered in the management for pregnant women who produce IgG anti-M to estimate the situation of fetal anemia.

Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress response that is specific to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR is activated upon accumulation of unfolded (or misfolded) proteins in the ER's lumen to restore protein folding capacity by increasing the synthesis of chaperones. In addition, UPR also enhances degradation of unfolded proteins and reduces global protein synthesis to alleviate additional accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Herein, we describe a cell-based ultra-high throughput screening (uHTS) campaign that identifies a small molecule that can modulate UPR and ER stress in cellular and

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of larger (≥10-15 mm) non-ampullary duodenal lesions. Methods: The data of 21 patients with larger (≥10-15 mm) non-ampullary duodenal lesions, who underwent EPMR or ESD in Beijing Friendship Hospital from February 2013 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment plan, the patients were divided into the EPMR group (n=13) and the ESD group (n=8). The operation time, pathological histological evaluation and complications of each group were summarized. Results: In the EPMR group, all 13 lesions were originated from the mucosa. The diameter of the lesion estimated by endoscopy and the size of the resected specimen were 22±12 mm and 26±15 mm, respectively, the median operation time was 39.0 (23.0, 45.0) min, and 12 lesions were closed with metal clips. For pathological assessment, there were 2 cases of ectopia gastric mucosa, 7 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 4 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia. And 5 cases were horizontal margin positive (low grade intraepithelial neoplasia) in the 13 lesions. Complications occurred in 2 patients, including 1 case of perioperative bacteremia, which was cured after anti-infective treatment, and another case of intraoperative perforation, which was recovered after emergency surgery. In the ESD group, there were 6 mucosal lesions and 2 submucosal lesions. The diameter of the lesion estimated by endoscopy and the size of the resected specimen were 17±5 mm and 20±7 mm, respectively, the median operation time was 47.5 (34.0, 68.0) min, and all 8 lesions were closed with metal clips. For pathological assessment, there were 3 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 3 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 1 case of submucosal cyst, and 1 case of lymphangioma. All 8 cases were horizontal margin negative, and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was suspected at the vertical margin of 1 case, which failed to achieve complete resection. Perioperative perforation occurred in 3 cases. One case recovered after endoscopic treatment, another case was unsatisfactory under endoscopy, and recovered after emergency surgery. The other case was recovered after laparoscopic treatment. Conclusion EPMR and ESD are both safe and effective for larger non-ampullary duodenal lesions, which is worthy of further clinical research.