Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are common congenital craniofacial developmental disorders with a high incidence rate among newborns. Due to the influence of the cleft, an increased frequency of anomalies occurs in cleft-adjacent teeth. This review summarizes the abnormality of tooth development and malposition characteristics of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines adjacent to the alveolar cleft in CLP patients and treatment progress in order to provide information for related clinical treatment and research. The literature reveals that central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines adjacent to the alveolar cleft exhibit various types and degrees of abnormalities. The alveolar cleft-adjacent central incisors show significantly smaller mesiodistal diameters, root lengths, and root volumes compared to the non-alveolar cleft side, while the crown-to-root ratio is larger. Further, they are inclined distally and lingually compared to the non-alveolar cleft side. The alveolar cleft-adjacent lateral incisor is the most common missing or impacted tooth and is often affected by microdontia. The total length and root length of the alveolar cleft-adjacent canines are significantly smaller, while the crown-to-root ratio is larger on the alveolar cleft side. In addition, they are inclined mesially and buccally compared to the non-alveolar cleft side. Further, they are higher positioned and located closer to the midline. For developmental anomalies, impacted central incisors can be addressed by orthodontic space preparation to facilitate eruption or surgical crown exposure and orthodontic traction. Treatment of missing lateral incisors can involve orthodontic closure of the gap or preservation of the space for subsequent prosthetic restoration. When lateral incisors present with developmental defects, such as microdontia, peg-shaped teeth, or invaginated teeth, a comprehensive decision is necessary to determine whether to retain and restore or extract the malformed lateral incisors. Treatment of impacted canines after bone grafting involves either extraction or traction to facilitate the eruption of the impacted tooth. For malposition, presurgical orthodontic treatment can correct teeth with excessive inclination or rotation on the cleft side to improve the effectiveness of bone grafting surgery. Postsurgical orthodontic treatment can enhance the stability of bone grafting surgery. Although numerous studies have explored the dental characteristics of patients with CLP, the lack of applicability and specificity still need to be elucidated, thus indicating the need for further research.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province in 2020,as well as the changing trends from 2012 to 2020,in order to provide the data basis for the prevention and control strategies of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The incidence and mortality data of esophageal cancer in tumor regis-tration areas of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 were collected and analyzed.The crude incidence,crude mortality,age-standard-ized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW)and age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW),0-74 years old cumulative rate and other indicators of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province in 2020 were calculated by gender and age,and the annual incidence and mortality trends of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 were analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model.Results In 2020,the crude incidence of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province was 5.84/100,000,including 10.19/100,000 men and 1.28/100,000 women.ASIRC was 3.85/100,000,and ASIRW was 3.88/100,000.The incidence of esophageal cancer was at a low level before the age of 45,rising rapidly after the age of 45,and reached the peak in the 75-79 age group.The crude mortality of esophageal cancer was 5.08/100,000,with a male mortality of 9.02/100,000 and a female mortality of 0.95/100,000.ASMRC was 3.31/100,000,and ASMRW was 3.35/100,000.The mortality of e-sophageal cancer was at a low level before the age of 50,but rapidly increased after the age of 50,reaching its peak in the 75-79 age group.The incidence and mortality of men in all age groups were higher than those of women.From 2012 to 2020,the crude incidence(APC=8.14%,P<0.05),ASIRW(APC=7.65%,P<0.05),crude mortality(APC=8.99%,P<0.05),and ASMRW(APC=9.20%,P<0.05)of esophageal cancer all showed an upward trend.Conclusion The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province are on the rise.The incidence and mortality of men are higher than those of women.Age is an important factor affect-ing the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.Men and the elderly should be the focus of daily intervention.

Objective To explore application value of transaxillary single-port gasless endoscopic-assisted fibroadenomas excision in adolescents.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 60 cases of fibroadenoma from June 2019 to June 2023.The patients were 17.3(range,13-19)years old.There were 54 cases of unilateral tumors and 6 cases of bilateral tumors.The average number of tumors was 2.5(range,1-13),and the mean tumor diameter was 4.0(range,3-10)cm.The fibroadenoma excision was performed by using transaxillary single-port gasless endoscopy.Results Of the 60 patients,the average operation time was 64.9(range,35-130)min and the intraoperative blood loss was less than 20 ml.Postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases(8.3％).At 3 months after surgery,the psychosocial well-being scores of BREAST-Q Scale were increased from(79.2±8.9)to(83.4±9.9)(P＜0.001).Conclusion Transaxillary single-port gasless endoscopic-assisted fibroadenomas excision is safe and effective for multiple or large fibroadenomas in adolescents,offering minimal invasion and concealed incision.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province in 2020,as well as the changing trends from 2012 to 2020,in order to provide the data basis for the prevention and control strategies of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province.Methods The incidence and mortality data of esophageal cancer in tumor regis-tration areas of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 were collected and analyzed.The crude incidence,crude mortality,age-standard-ized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW)and age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW),0-74 years old cumulative rate and other indicators of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province in 2020 were calculated by gender and age,and the annual incidence and mortality trends of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2020 were analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model.Results In 2020,the crude incidence of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province was 5.84/100,000,including 10.19/100,000 men and 1.28/100,000 women.ASIRC was 3.85/100,000,and ASIRW was 3.88/100,000.The incidence of esophageal cancer was at a low level before the age of 45,rising rapidly after the age of 45,and reached the peak in the 75-79 age group.The crude mortality of esophageal cancer was 5.08/100,000,with a male mortality of 9.02/100,000 and a female mortality of 0.95/100,000.ASMRC was 3.31/100,000,and ASMRW was 3.35/100,000.The mortality of e-sophageal cancer was at a low level before the age of 50,but rapidly increased after the age of 50,reaching its peak in the 75-79 age group.The incidence and mortality of men in all age groups were higher than those of women.From 2012 to 2020,the crude incidence(APC=8.14%,P<0.05),ASIRW(APC=7.65%,P<0.05),crude mortality(APC=8.99%,P<0.05),and ASMRW(APC=9.20%,P<0.05)of esophageal cancer all showed an upward trend.Conclusion The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Yunnan province are on the rise.The incidence and mortality of men are higher than those of women.Age is an important factor affect-ing the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.Men and the elderly should be the focus of daily intervention.

Objective Based on the theory of"gut-brain",this study explored the effect of acupuncture on the gut microbiota and central inflammation in migraine model rats,in order to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine from the perspective of"gut-brain".Methods The migraine rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin.They were randomly divided into a model group and an acupuncture group,with 6 rats in each group,and a control group with 6 rats for conventional binding and fixation.Before modeling and on the 1st,5th,and 9th days after modeling,each group used electronic VonFrey to measure the plantar mechanical pain threshold of rats.After the experiment,Elisa was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in the central trigeminal spinal nucleus of the rats in each group.Three-generation Pacbio full-length microbial diversity sequencing was used to perform 16S full-length rDNA sequencing on each group of fecal samples to detect the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)clustering and its abundance,Alpha diversity index,Beta diversity index,species among the samples in each group.differences in abundance.Results In migraine model rats,plantar mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased(P<0.01),central IL-6 and TNF-α contents were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the structure and abundance of gut microbiota were abnormal.change(P<0.01).Continuous acupuncture treatment can significantly increase the plantar mechanical pain threshold in migraine rats(P<0.01),regulate the diversity of gut microbiota in migraine rats,increase Lactobacillus murine,and reduce the abundance of Lactobacillus enterobacteriaceae.degree(P<0.05),and decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the central nervous system of migraine model rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture can exert the"gut-brain"anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine by regulating the gut microbiota structure and the expression of central IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory factors in migraine model rats.

In the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, the quest for safe and effective therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism has gained paramount importance. Sanhuang Xiexin Tang (SXT) and Baihu Tang (BHT) have emerged as prominent candidates for treating metabolic disorders. SXT combined with BHT plus Cangzhu (SBC) has been used clinically for Weihuochisheng obese patients. This retrospective analysis focused on assessing the anti-obesity effects of SBC in Weihuochisheng obese patients. We observed significant reductions in body weight and hepatic lipid content among obese patients following SBC treatment. To gain further insights, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of SBC in HFD-fed mice. The results demonstrated that SBC treatment mitigated body weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice. Pharmacological network analysis suggested that SBC may affect lipid metabolism, mitochondria, inflammation, and apoptosis-a hypothesis supported by the hepatic transcriptomic analysis in HFD-fed mice treated with SBC. Notably, SBC treatment was associated with enhanced hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and the inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, SBC treatment alleviates NAFLD in both obese patients and mouse models by improving lipid metabolism, potentially through enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. These effects, in turn, ameliorate inflammation in hepatocytes.
Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Retrospective Studies ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Obesity/metabolism* ; Liver ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Body Weight ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects*

Objective:To observe any effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (p-CREB) in the spinal dorsal horns of diabetics experiencing neuropathic pain.Methods:Eight rats were randomly selected from 30 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats as the normal group (N), and the remaining twenty-two rats were treated with a single high-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a neuropathic pain model. The rats modeled successfully were randomly divided into a model group (M, n=8) and an EA group ( n=8). In the EA group, electroacupuncture was applied at the bilateral Hou san li and Kunlun acupoints starting on the 15th day after the STZ injection. The daily sessions lasted 30 minutes for 1 week. Body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were observed before the STZ injection and on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days afterward. The expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB in the dorsal horns of the rats′ spinal cords was detected using western blotting. The count of p-CREB-positive cells in the dorsal horns and their co-localization with neurons was detected using immunofluorescence. Results:In comparison with the N group, the average BW of the M group on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the STZ injection was significantly lower, while the average FBG was significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the M and N groups in the average PWL on the 7th day after the STZ injection, but it had decreased significantly in the M group on the 14th and 21st days. Compared with the M group, the average PWL of the EA group was significantly longer on the 21st day after the injection. The expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB protein in the spines of the M group was significantly higher than in the N group. p-CREB positive cells were more numerous in the M group compared with the N group, while in the EA group they were fewer. P-CREB was co-located with neurons in the spinal dorsal horn.Conclusion:EA can alleviate neuropathic pain effectively, perhaps by inhibiting the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord.

Objective:To analyze the online learning behaviors and learning results of students under different teaching modes with different learning motivations, and to provide a reference for optimizing the development of online teaching.Methods:Samples of students taking the physiology small private online course (SPOC) in 2019 and 2020, and students taking the massive open online courses (MOOC) in the same year were selected in the study to discuss the differences in learning behaviors of students under different teaching modes and learning effects on students with different learning motivations. The online learning behaviors of students were analyzed based on their learning engagement, interactive behavior and learning motivation. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the data with statistical methods such as function calculation, frequency statistics, regression analysis, rank sum test, correlation test and chi-square test.Results:The learning participation level ( z=14.36, P<0.001), and the human-machine and interpersonal learning interaction level ( z=-11.70, -16.18, both P<0.001) of SPOC learners in 2020 were higher than those in 2019. The overall interactive level was moderately correlated with performances of students ( r=0.42, 0.52, both P<0.001), and the correlation between interpersonal behavior and grades was much more stronger ( r=0.60, 0.55, both P<0.001). The performance composition of SPOC and MOOC learners in 2019 was completely different ( χ2=857.45, P<0.001). The learning effect of externally motivated students was significantly better than that of internally motivated students ( z=-28.42, P<0.001). Conclusion:The teaching mode adopted by the school can affect the learning effect by influencing the students' online learning engagement and interactive behavior. Besides, students' own learning motivation also plays a key role in their academic performance.