Objective To investigate the application value of identification of the scalp surface locations of cerebral ischemia lesions before direct revascularization for moyamoya disease and to design surgical approaches according to this by using the fusion of single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT) cerebral perfusion imaging with CT imaging. Methods The clinical data of 13 adult patients with ischemic-type moyamoya disease underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery were analyzed retrospectively. SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging was fused with CT imaging of the same machine before procedure. The lesions of ischemia were located on the cortical surface. The surgical approaches were designed at the center of the ischemic lesions. The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months after procedure. The improvement of clinical symptoms and cerebral perfusion of the patients were observed after operation. Results One patient had perioperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome,and the others did not have any perioperative complications. At one-month follow-up, the improvement of symptoms in 4 patients were excellent,in 5 were good,in 4 were fair,and none was poor. At 6 to 12 month follow-up,the improvement of symptoms in 9 patients were excellent,in 4 were good,and none was poor. The postoperative visual SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging analysis suggested that the cerebral perfusion was improved significantly as compared with before procedure in all patients. Quantitative analysis:There was significant difference in target ischemic lesions between preoperative Fb and postoperative Fb ([2. 13±1. 06]% vs. [4. 13±2. 09]%;P<0. 05). There was significant difference between preoperative Fb and Fe ([2. 46±1. 97]% vs. [2. 13±1. 06]%;P<0. 05). The postoperative BFCR was [67. 57±3. 78]%( >50%) , which indicated that the efficacy of the procedure was remarkable. The superficial temporal arteries fed to brain of the patients were observed after procedure by using the head CT angiography. The postoperative head MRI reexamination showed no new infarcts occurred at 6 months. Conclusion Combine SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging with CT imaging to design surgical approach for superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery may improve the efficacy and reduce the risks of operation.

Chemical constituents of n-butanol part of ethanol extract from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja were studied.Eight glycosides were separated and purified by silica gel, MCI, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data, these compounds were 3-ethyl-4-methyl-pentyl ester-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), juglanoside E (2), (4S)-α-terpineol-8-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (4S)-α-terpineol-8-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), eugenyl-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl methylester (6), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (7), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (8).Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2-6 were isolated from the genus Cyclocarya for the first time.

Objective To study the accuracy of traditional basilar membrane displacement evaluation criteria for evaluating hearing compensation performance of round window-stimulated middle ear implant, so as to provide the theoretical basis for performance evaluation of round window-stimulated middle ear implant. Methods An acoustic microscopic finite element model of cochlea was constructed based on experimental data of the cochlea geometry. Reliability of this model was verified by comparison with experimental measurement values of inner hair cell, outer hair cell, tectorial membrane displacement. Based on this model, the displacement of basilar membrane and the stereocilia shear displacement of inner hair cells under forward stimulation and round-window stimulation were comparatively analyzed. Using the stereocilia shear displacement of inner hair cells as the criterion for sense of sound, the equivalent sound pressure level (SPL) deviation under round-window stimulation was studied when using traditional basilar membrane displacement as evaluation criterion. Results At 5 kHz characteristic frequency of the studied slice of cochlea, under sound pressures with the same amplitude, the displacement of basilar membrane and the stereocilia shear displacement of inner hair cells under round-window stimulation were lower than that under forward stimulation. Conclusions Under forward stimulation, the inner hair cells were more excited and the performance for sense of sound was better than that under round-window stimulation. Concurrently, using the displacement of basilar membrane under forward stimulation as the criterion of hearing compensation performance would overestimate hearing compensation performance of middle ear implant under round-window stimulation; but the deviation was relatively small, which was a relatively reliable evaluation method.

Objective:To construct a geriatric comprehensive health evaluation system, and establish the norm of corresponding score.Methods:The methods of Delphi survey was implemented to develop the geriatric comprehensive health evaluation system.The weight coefficients of the items were calculated and assigned according to the expert-graded importance score and Saaty analytic hierarchy process.Reliability and validity of the system were examined.Goodness of fit was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis.The demarcation norm of geriatric comprehensive health score was established based on an empirical study of 2, 118 non-hospitalized elderly population.Results:During the process of Delphi expert consultation and item analysis, nine items were deleted and two items were added.In the end, the 29-item comprehensive geriatric health evaluation system was developed, which included three dimensions of physiology, psychology, as well as social support and environment.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the evaluation system was 0.709.The exploratory factor analysis-extracted ten common factors meet ten second-level items.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the goodness of fit of the system was good.Geriatric health status was divided into five grades of very poor, poor, general, good and excellent by 0.5 to 1 standard deviation.The demarcation norm of geriatric comprehensive health score for different age and gender was established accordingly.Conclusions:The reliability and validity of the geriatric comprehensive health evaluation system are satisfactory.The construction of comprehensive health evaluation system and the establishment of the norm can facilitate the quantitative assessment of geriatric health status, and provide a reference for the screening and grading of individual health status in the elderly.

Lamin B1 is one of the essential members of the nuclear lamina protein family. Its main function is to maintain the integrity of nuclear skeleton, as well as to participate in the cell proliferation and aging by affecting the chromosome distribution. gene expression, and DNA damage repair. The abnormal expression of lamin B1 is related to certain diseases, including neurological diseases [e.g. neural tube defects (NDTs), adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD)] and tumors (e.g. pancreatic cancer). It is also a potential tumor marker as well as drug target. Further research on lamin B1 will help people understand the molecular mechanism of the emergence and development of neural system diseases and tumors, and define a new future in drug target.
Cell Nucleus ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Lamin Type B ; physiology ; Neoplasms ; Nervous System Diseases

Objective To investigate the development and dynamic changes of cysts in the brain of mice following infection with different forms of Toxoplasma gondii, so as to provide insights into for toxoplasmosis prevention and control. Methods ICR mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks, each weighing 20 to 25 g, were intraperitoneally injected with tachyzoites of the T. gondii PRU strain at a dose of 1 × 10⁵ tachyzoites per mouse, orally administered with cysts at a dose of 20 oocysts per mouse or oocysts at a dose of 200 oocysts per mouse for modeling chronic T. gondii infection in mice, and the clinical symptoms and survival of mice were observed post-infection. Mice were orally infected with T. gondii cysts at doses of 10 (low-dose group), 20 (medium-dose group), 40 cysts per mouse (high-dose group), and the effect of different doses of T. gondii infections on the number of cysts was examined in the mouse brain. Mice were orally administered with T. gondii cysts at a dose of 20 cysts per mouse, and grouped according to gender (female and male) and time points of infections (20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days post-infection), and the effects of gender and time points of infections on the number of cysts was examined in the mouse brain. In addition, mice were divided into the tachyzoite group (Group T), the first-generation cyst group (Group C1), the second-generation cyst group (Group C2), the third-generation cyst (Group C3) and the fourth-generation cyst group (Group C4). Mice in the Group T were intraperitoneally injected with T. gondii tachyzoites at a dose of 1 × 10⁵ tachyzoites per mouse, and the cysts were collected from the mouse brain tissues 30 days post-infection, while mice in the Group C1 were orally infected with the collected cysts at a dose of 30 cysts per mouse. Continuous passage was performed by oral administration with cysts produced by the previous generation in mice, and the effect of continuous passage on the number of cysts was examined in the mouse brain. Results Following infection with T. gondii tachyzoites, cysts and oocysts in mice, obvious clinical symptoms were observed on days 6 to 13 and mice frequently died on days 7 to 12. The survival rates of mice were 67.0%, 87.0% and 53.0%, and the mean numbers of cysts were (516.0 ± 257.2), (1 203.0 ± 502.0) and (581.0 ± 183.1) in the mouse brain (F = 11.94, P < 0.01) on day 30 post-infection with T. gondii tachyzoites, cysts and oocysts, respectively, and the numbers of cysts in the brain tissues were significantly lower in mice infected with T. gondii tachyzoites and oocysts than in those infected with cysts (all P values < 0.01). The survival rates of mice were 87.0%, 87.0% and 60.0%, and the mean numbers of cysts were (953.0 ± 355.5), (1 084.0 ± 474.3) and (1 113.0 ± 546.0) in the mouse brain in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups on day 30 post-infection, respectively (F = 0.42, P > 0.05). The survival rates of male and female mice were 73.0% and 80.0%, and the mean numbers of cysts were (946.4 ± 411.4) and (932.1 ± 322.4) in the brain tissues of male and female mice, respectively (F = 1.63, P > 0.05). Following continuous passage, the mean numbers of cysts were (516.0 ± 257.2), (1 203.0 ± 502.0), (896.8 ± 332.3), (782.5 ± 423.9) and (829.2 ± 306.0) in the brain tissues of mice in the T, C1, C2, C3 and C4 groups, respectively (F = 4.82, P < 0.01), and the number of cysts was higher in the mouse brain in Group 1 than in Group T (P < 0.01). Following oral administration of 20 T. gondii cysts in mice, cysts were found in the moues brain for the first time on day 20 post-infection, and the number of cysts gradually increased over time, peaked on days 30 and 90 post-infection and then gradually decreased; however, the cysts were still found in the mouse brain on day 180 post-infection. Conclusions There is a higher possibility of developing chronic T. gondii infection in mice following infection with cysts than with oocysts or tachyzoites and the most severe chronic infection is seen following infection with cysts. The number of cysts does not correlate with the severity of chronic T. gondii infection, and the number of cysts peaks in the mouse brain on days 30 and 90 post-infection.